Caracterización de las técnicas de manejo en postcosecha para la obtención de cafés especiales

La expresión "cafés especiales" se ha convertido en una etiqueta genérica que abarca una gama de cafés diferentes, que consiguen una prima superior a los demás cafés o son percibidos como diferentes de las marcas de café normalmente disponibles. Se caracterizó siete fincas productoras de cafés especiales de los departamentos de Huila, Cauca y Nariño, para conocer técnicas de manejo postcosecha para la obtención de cafés especiales, recopilando información sobre método de beneficio usado, etapas del método y procedimiento adecuado en cada una de ellas. Mediante el análisis cualitativo se determinó que el método más usado en postcosecha para la obtención de cafés especiales es el beneficio húmedo. Se concluyó que las etapas de recolección, despulpado, fermentado, lavado y secado son procesos de gran importancia en la cadena productiva de cafés especiales, ya que cada etapa determina la calidad física y organoléptica del café que motivan a un comprador a pagar un precio diferenciado por el producto, representando mayor ingreso y rentabilidad al caficultor. Algunas variaciones en el proceso en las tres regiones dependen de factores como: condiciones climáticas, variedad, cantidad de café, tecnología disponible y criterios definidos por el productor y comprador

Educational intergenerational mobility in Latin America : a non-linear quantile regression analysis

This paper studies educational intergenerational mobility in Latin America in the period of 2006-2013. With the use of Ordinary Least Square and Quantile Regression estimations, it shows that the region still presents low levels of mobility. There are clear differences between countries, and for most of them, mobility has increased across the period of study, which goes along with the inequality reduction of the region in the last decade...Esta investigación estudia la movilidad intergeneracional de educación en América Latina en el periodo de 2006-2013. Mediante estimaciones de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios y de Regresión Cuantílica, se prueba que la región todavía presenta niveles bajos de movilidad. Existen claras diferencias entre países, y para la mayoría de ellos, la movilidad ha aumentado a lo largo del periodo que se estudia, lo que concuerda con la reducción de desigualdad de la región en la última década. Además, las no linearidades son significativas tanto para el principal regresor (educación de los padres) como para la variable dependiente (educación de los hijos)..

Una propuesta para la enseñanza de la noción de conjunto y sus relaciones

El presente artículo relata la experiencia vivida en el diseño y desarrollo de una secuencia de clases para abordar la enseñanza de la noción de conjunto y sus relaciones. Entre los resultados obtenidos encontramos un alto grado de motivación de los estudiantes hacia las clases, una mejor comprensión de las relaciones de pertenencia e inclusión de conjuntos y un mejor manejo en la determinación de conjuntos

Análisis de la relación entre el riesgo tipo de Interés y riesgo de longevidad

La entrada en vigor de la Directiva de Solvencia II, implanta medidas con la intención de que las entidades aseguradoras valoren de la forma más precisa los riesgos a los que están expuestas. Esto tiene lugar con el objetivo de garantizar la solvencia de las compañías aseguradoras y proteger a los asegurados, mediante la asignación de un papel muy relevante al análisis de los diferentes riesgos que se pueden encontrar en el mundo de los seguros. Así que, se analiza el Riesgo de Tipo de Interés y el Riesgo de Longevidad, para posteriormente estudiar, mediante un caso práctico, la existencia de relación entre ambos riesgos. A consecuencia de la pandemia ocasionada a raíz del virus de la COVID-19, se ha realizado el estudio del Riesgo de Mortalidad y, finalmente, el análisis de la relación de este riesgo frente al Riesgo de Tipo de Interés.The entry into force of the II Solvency Directive, introduces measures with the intention for the insurance companies to assess, by the most accurate way, the risks they are exposed to. This takes place with the aim of guaranteeing the solvency of the insurance companies and protecting the policy holders, assigning a very relevant role to the analysis of different risks that can be found in the insurance world. The relationsship between interest rate risk and Longenvity risk is analised through the quantification of the impact of longevity shocks on the liability duration of a portfolio of life insurance policies As a result of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, the Mortality Risk study has been carried out and, finally, the analysis of the relation between this risk and the Interest Rate Risk.Máster Universitario en Ciencias Actuariales y Financieras (M124

Sistema multiagente para la evacuación de edificios

Cuando una situación de emergencia sucede y es necesario evacuar, existen una serie de factores imposibles de predecir que pueden complicar el éxito de la operación. En este trabajo se propone la utilización de un sistema multiagente con el que ayudar a solventar las complicaciones que puedan suceder. La principal tarea de los agentes deberá ser hacer un seguimiento de la situación, sobre todo del peligro y mantener informados a los equipos humanos de rescate o a los evacuados. Con esta información, las personas involucradas deberías ser capaces de tomar decisiones más acertadas. Además, se va a contemplar la utilización de estos mismos agentes para la propia evacuación, sustituyendo así a los equipos humanos. Este trabajo ha implementado sobre la plataforma Jadex 2.0Grado en Ingeniería Informátic

Multiple intelligences: Educational and cognitive development with a guiding focus

Development and dissemination of innovative pedagogies continues to be one of the challenges of the 21st century. The visible deficiencies in the educational field have highlighted the need for other types of pedagogies that promote complete student development. Gardner’s theory about multiple intelligences (MIs) has great potential that has not yet been realised in practice in school contexts. With this research we aimed to analyse the relationship between the intelligences that students develop in primary education and the increase in certain cognitive and academic capacities, and to demonstrate that a pedagogy based on Gardner’s theory does more to promote creativity, maturation and school performance than traditional teaching-learning pedagogies. A total of 420 participants from 2 state-funded schools participated in this study (experimental group = EG; control group = CG). The EG (n = 230) was taught using Gardner’s theory and the CG (n = 190) was taught according to traditional pedagogy. There was an association between the intelligences developed by the students and their academic, creative, and maturational levels. Finally, significant differences were found between the EG and CG, with the EG obtaining a higher mean in the variables analysed in favour of the EG. In conclusion, using MIs in classrooms allows for a more mature and creative development and greater academic performance. Keywords: creative development; intellectual maturity; multiple intelligences; school performanc

Frequency of latent equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) in New Zealand horses : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Veterinary Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

AIM: To estimate the frequency of infection with equine herpesvirus 1 among a selected population of horses from the central North Island of New Zealand, including determination of the open reading frame (ORF) 30 N/D752 genotype. METHODS: Fresh heads were collected from horses euthanised for unrelated reasons between March and November 2015. Small pieces of retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RLN) and submandibular lymph nodes (SLN) were dissected from the heads and transported to the laboratory in RNA later solution. DNA extracted from these tissues was subjected to enrichment for EHV-1 sequences by hybridisation with biotin-labelled EHV-1 specific probe, followed by recovery of EHV-1 sequences on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. The enriched samples were tested for the presence of EHV-1 using nested PCR. The EHV-1 amplicons were sequenced to determine the ORF30 genotype of the virus. RESULTS: Overall, EHV-1 DNA was detected in RLN samples from 6/63 (9.5%) horses. Of those, three were also positive for EHV-1 DNA in SLN samples. There was no association between EHV-1 positivity and age, sex, or breed of the animals sampled. All EHV-1 positive horses harboured ORF30 N752 genotype. The D752 genotype, which has been linked to increased neurovirulence, has not been detected in any of the samples. CONCLUSION: Equine herpesvirus 1 continues to circulate among horses in New Zealand. The RLN appear to be the sample of choice for detection of EHV-1 DNA in a recently euthanised horse. The frequency of latent EHV-1 infection among sampled horses may have been higher than detected, as some of latently infected horses may have harboured EHV-1 DNA at the levels beyond the sensitivity limit of the assay or at anatomical sites not sampled in the study. Lack of detection of EHV-1 with ORF30 D752 genotype, together with detection of only one horse positive for that genotype in the previous South Island based study (Dunowska et al., 2015) suggest that infection with this genotype is not common in New Zealand. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: If live animals are tested using SLN biopsy it should be kept in mind that negative results do not rule-out the presence of latent EHV-1 at other sites inaccessible for testing. While EHV-1 with ORF30 D752 genotype was not detected in this study, the importance of this genotype should not be over-interpreted because the markers for EHV-1 neurovirulence are most likely more complex than this single amino acid substitution. Viruses with either genotype have been recovered from equine herpesvirus encephalopathy cases worldwide. The data presented provided baseline information on the frequency of EHV-1 infection among horses in New Zealand. These can provide useful information during any future outbreaks of EHV-1 associated diseases and for the development of control measures to minimise the impact of such viral disease for horses and their owners

Senescence promotes in vivo reprogramming through p16INK4a and IL-6

Cellular senescence is a damage response aimed to orchestrate tissue repair. We have recently reported that cellular senescence, through the paracrine release of interleukin-6 (IL6) and other soluble factors, strongly favors cellular reprogramming by Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) in nonsenescent cells. Indeed, activation of OSKM in mouse tissues triggers senescence in some cells and reprogramming in other cells, both processes occurring concomitantly and in close proximity. In this system, Ink4a/Arf-null tissues cannot undergo senescence, fail to produce IL6, and cannot reprogram efficiently; whereas p53-null tissues undergo extensive damage and senescence, produce high levels of IL6, and reprogram efficiently. Here, we have further explored the genetic determinants of in vivo reprogramming. We report that Ink4a, but not Arf, is necessary for OSKM-induced senescence and, thereby, for the paracrine stimulation of reprogramming. However, in the absence of p53, IL6 production and reprogramming become independent of Ink4a, as revealed by the analysis of Ink4a/Arf/p53 deficient mice. In the case of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, its protein levels are highly elevated upon OSKM activation in a p53-independent manner, and we show that p21-null tissues present increased levels of senescence, IL6, and reprogramming. We also report that Il6-mutant tissues are impaired in undergoing reprogramming, thus reinforcing the critical role of IL6 in reprogramming. Finally, young female mice present lower efficiency of in vivo reprogramming compared to male mice, and this gender difference disappears with aging, both observations being consistent with the known anti-inflammatory effect of estrogens. The current findings regarding the interplay between senescence and reprogramming may conceivably apply to other contexts of tissue damage.L.M. was recipient of an FPU contract from the Spanish Ministry of Education (MECD). Work in the laboratory of M.S. was funded by the CNIO and by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (RETOS project), the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant), the European Union (RISK-IR project), and the Botin Foundation and Banco Santander (Santander Universities Global Division). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.S

La accesibilidad web de las bibliotecas públicas del Estado frente a las entidades bancarias del Banco de España

This article compares the web accessibility of two types of institutions with different characteristics: the public libraries of the State of Spain and the banks registered in the Bank of Spain with establishment in the country, in order to verify which of the two types turns out to be more accessible for the community. For it, there is used the tool TAW (Test of web Accessibility) that it uses the guides of accessibility "Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0" for the evaluation. The principal result is that the public libraries have a lower average of accessibility errors than banks. The best guideline in both populations is 1.2. This guide presents alternatives for the perception of the audio/ video, subtitles and audio - description of the content for citizens with hearing and / or vision problems. He concludes with the need to design more accessible web sites for all citizens, both by institutions with social interests, and for business purposes.Este trabajo compara la accesibilidad web de dos tipos de instituciones con características muy diferentes: las bibliotecas públicas del Estado de España y los bancos registrados en el Banco de España con establecimiento en el país, con el fin de comprobar cuál de las dos tipologías resulta más accesible para la sociedad en general. Para ello, se emplea la herramienta TAW (Test de Accesibilidad Web) que utiliza las guías de accesibilidad “Web Content Accesibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0”. Como principal resultado se obtiene que las bibliotecas públicas del Estado cuentan con un promedio de errores de accesibilidad menor que los bancos, siendo la pauta menos vulnerada en ambos conjuntos la 1.2 que presenta alternativas para la percepción del audio/vídeo, subtítulos y audio-descripciones del contenido para los casos en los que los ciudadanos padezcan problemas de audición y/o visión. Se concluye con la necesidad de diseñar sitios web más accesibles para todos los ciudadanos, tanto por parte de instituciones con intereses sociales, como empresariales

Una nota sobre la inscripción aquinate de C. OCTAVIUS APPIUS SUETRIUS SABINUS (CIL X 5398)

La inscripción CIL X 5398, encontrada en Aquinum en 1870, contiene la más completa versión conservada del cursus honorum del senador C. Octavius Appius Suetrius Sabinus. El propósito de este trabajo es aportar nuevos datos sobre este importante epígrafe, actualmente en paradero desconocido y que Mommsen editó a partir de un calco que, afortunadamente, se conserva en el Arbeitsstelle Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarumde Berlín. La investigación en archivos italianos y el examen del calco usado por Mommsen ha aportado datos sobre las características del monumento, su paleografía y las circunstancias del hallazgo, además de algunas rectificaciones al texto publicado en CIL