The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Spain.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prevalence is believed to be around 1% worldwide, although it varies considerably among different populations. The aim of EPISER2016 study was to estimate the prevalence of RA in the general adult population in Spain. We designed a population-based cross-sectional study. A national survey was conducted between November 2016 and October 2017 involving a probabilistic sample from the general population aged 20 years or older. Subjects were randomly selected for phone screening using a computer-assisted telephone interviewer system. Positive RA screening results were evaluated by a rheumatologist. Cases fulfilled the 1987 ACR and/or the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria; previous diagnosis established by a rheumatologist and clearly identified in medical records were also accepted regardless of the criteria used. Prevalence estimates with 95% CI were calculated taking into account the design of the sample (weighting based on age, sex, and geographic origin using as a reference the distribution of the population in Spain). 4916 subjects participated in the study and 39 RA cases were confirmed. RA estimated prevalence was 0.82% (95% CI 0.59-1.15). Mean age of RA cases was 60.48 (14.85) years, they were more frequently women (61.5%), from urban areas (74.4%), non-smokers (43.6%), and with a high body mass index (53.8% with overweight). Extrapolating to the population in Spain (approximately 37 million are ≥ 20 years old), it was estimated that there were between 220,000 and 430,000 people aged 20 years or older with RA. No undiagnosed cases were detected, which could be related to the establishment of early arthritis clinics around the country, increasing the rates of diagnosis during early phases of RA

Lithic raw materials and modes of exploitation in quarries and workshops from the center of the pampa grasslands of Argentina

Quarry workshops have an important economic, social, cultural, and symbolic role for past hunter-gatherer societies and the northwest Tandilia System would have represented a place of great cultural significance because human groups could have exploited a huge diversity of rocks and minerals. The main objectives in this paper are to analyze different exploitation, production, and use strategies applied on chert and silicified dolomite quarry workshops, and to interpret diverse ways of transport and circulation of these lithic raw materials from procurement areas to other sites in the center of the Pampa grasslands during the Late Holocene. The studies done suggest several modes in raw materials selection in quarries, reduction strategies, tool manufacture, and rock circulation in the landscape. It is proposed that both raw materials could have been transported from workshops to other sites in the form of nodules, different kinds of partially and/or totally decorticated cores, large flakes, and possibly tools. With the reduction of residential mobility in hunter-gatherer groups during the Late Holocene, the most exploited rocks in the center of the Pampa grasslands were those located nearest the sites, such as chert from the Sierras Bayas hills. Two procurement strategies (embedded and special trips by using logistical mobility) could have been applied on chert and silicified dolomite acquisition. On the other hand, human groups occupying territories far from quarries could have obtained them through social exchange and interaction networks.Fil: Messineo, Pablo Geronimo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; ArgentinaFil: Barros, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Paleontológicas del Cuaternario Pampeano; Argentin

La fabrique des sociétés médiévales méditerranéennes

Définir toujours plus finement les contours des sociétés médiévales et les hiérarchies qui les traversent, mettre en lumière leurs stratégies économiques, scripturaires et politiques en valorisant l’agency des individus, tels sont les champs embrassés par François Menant ces quarante dernières années. Le crédit, les conjonctures de crise et les réponses qu’y apportent les sociétés urbaines et rurales, leur litteracy et leur communication politique sont autant de thèmes sur lesquels cet ouvrage a l’ambition d’offrir un panorama actualisé. Couvrant un large arc chronologique, du haut Moyen Âge à la Renaissance, dans un espace européen généralement orienté autour de la Méditerranée, ce livre collectif a également vocation à retracer les vastes réseaux scientifiques internationaux tissés par François Menant au cours de sa carrière : anciens élèves de l’École normale supérieure de Paris, maîtres de conférence, professeurs des universités, venus de France, d’Europe ou des Amériques offrent ainsi un instantané de la recherche en histoire économique et sociale actuelle. De l’individu au groupe, de la figure de l’entrepreneur médiéval aux élites rurales, de François Menant à ses élèves et à ses collègues, tel est le chemin que permettra de parcourir cette étude