La incidencia de los múltiples valores del pronombre se en materiales didácticos de ELE

IX Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas realizado nos dias 22 a 25 agosto 2016En este trabajo se va a observar la amplitud dada al abordaje de los múltiples valores de se en libros didácticos destinados a estudiantes brasileños. Este análisis se guía por dos grandes vectores: por un lado, la polivalencia atribuida al pronombre se, que puede desempeñar distintas funciones gramaticales y discursivas, por lo que se lo considera uno de los temas de mayor complejidad de la sintaxis española (RAE, 2010); por otro lado, la complejidad de la enseñanza de los pronombres átonos (clíticos) en general del español a aprendices brasileños, fenómeno resultante de lo que define González (1994) como una inversa asimetría entre el portugués brasileño (PB) y el español. Además, investigaciones posteriores a las de González (1994) que, desde variados marcos teóricos y sobretodo enfocadas en la producción no nativa, corroboran la complejidad de la adquisición de las múltiples estructuras que se construyen con el pronombre se. Por lo tanto, teniendo como eje la clasificación de Di Tullio (1997) y también de los aportes de otras gramáticas y estudios lingüísticos, realizamos un análisis de los materiales didácticos con la finalidad de examinar si dicha abundancia del pronombre se, y su relevancia en el sistema lingüístico y discursivo español, se refleja en el abordaje de los libros didácticos, a fin también de observar cuáles estructuras reciben más o menos énfasisUNILA­-UNIOEST

Characterization of white metakaolin-based geo-polymers doped with synthetic organic dyes

Over the years, many materials have been used to restore buildings, paintings, ceramics, and mosaic pieces exhibiting different types of dyes and colour hues. Recently, geopolymers have been used for restoration purposes owing to their high chemical and mechanical resistance. In this work, white metakaolin was used to obtain white geopolymers, cured at 25 and 40 °C, as bulk materials to be coloured with synthetic organic dyes, i.e., bromothymol blue, cresol red, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange. These dyes were added during the fresh paste preparation to obtain dyed geopolymeric solids. Ionic conductivity and pH measurement confirmed the chemical stability of the consolidated materials, while FT-IR analyses were used to follow the geopolymerisation occurrences at different ageing times (from 7 to 56 days). Finally, the colour hues and properties were assessed in the CIELAB colour space before and after immersion in water

Recycling of Waste Corundum Abrasive Powder in Mk-Based Geopolymers

Recycling corundum abrasive powder in metakaolin-based geopolymer formulations is proposed to reduce the amount of waste to be treated or disposed of in landfills, allowing to decrease ecological damage as well as to reduce transport costs for removal. The addition of waste corundum, as an important source of Al(2)O(3), has proved to increase the slight ionic conductivity of the leachate solution obtained after immersion in water of samples at 28 d of curing at room temperature. With the same curing conditions, the geopolymerization process has not been disturbed as evidenced by the FT-IR peak shift and XRD patterns. It was recorded a decrease in resistance to compression of the consolidated geopolymers of about 5% with 10 wt% addition and of about 77% with the addition of 20 wt% of waste corundum. In any case, the waste abrasive powder does not release heavy metals when added to a geopolymeric formulation based on MK, NaOH, and Na-silicate, and does not show relevant antibacterial properties, indicating the formation of a stable and safe final product with a ceramic-like appearance

FT-IR Study, Thermal Analysis, and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of a MK-Geopolymer Mortar Using Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate

: Food containers made from glass are separately collected from urban solid waste at 76% in most parts of Europe. The cullet glass finds its way to re-melting, while the debris is often disposed of. With this contribution, we suggest an upcycling process where glass debris is simply ground without any washing operation and added to an alkali-activated paste. Metakaolin-based geopolymer mortar added with coarsely ground glass waste as fine aggregate has been prepared via alkali activation with NaOH and Na-silicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days of room temperature curing time, the 3D geopolymer network was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Vibrational spectra revealed the geopolymerization occurrences, results which have been supported by both FT-IR deconvoluted spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the antibacterial properties were investigated against both gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (E. faecalis) bacterial strains. The results suggest the ability of the 28 days cured geopolymers to inhibit the growth of the gram-negative bacterium assayed

Performance of molecular methods for identification of unusual subtypes of hepatitis C virus genotype 2

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) displays high genetic variability, with seven genotypes and numerous subtypes. The determination of the viral type has been essential for the selection and timing of antiviral treatment. In Venezuela, HCV genotype 2 is relatively diverse, being particularly prevalent subtype 2j. Objective: To evaluate the performance of methodologies for genotyping HCV, particularly for identification of subtype 2j. Materials and methods: HCV genotype and subtype were determined by reverse hybridization technique (LiPA) and sequencing of the HCV 5’UTR and NS5B regions. Results: A total of 65 samples from HCV-infected patients were analyzed. PCR amplifications of the 5’UTR region exhibited the highest sensitivity (100% vs 91% for LiPA and 77% for NS5B). Genotype determination, taking as reference test NS5B, showed 100% concordance with the other methods, and 67% and 59% for subtypes with 5´NC and LiPA, respectively. NS5B sequencing allowed the identification of subtypes 2j and 2s, which were not detected by the other methods. A specific LiPA pattern was not observed for HCV subtype 2j. Conclusion: Although being the methodology with lowest sensitivity for amplification of HCV RNA, sequencing NS5B region remains a powerful tool for correct discrimination of the different HCV subtypes, which is of epidemiological relevance

UTILIZAÇÃO DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus benthamii NA PRODUÇÃO DE PAINÉIS DE PARTÍCULAS ORIENTADAS (OSB)

O objetivo foi produzir painéis OSB com partículas de E. benthamii e mix de Pinus taeda e Pinus elliottii. O delineamento experimental envolveu cinco tratamentos compostos por painéis com três camadas de partículas e densidade nominal de 0,65 g/cm3. Foram aplicados 6% de resina fenol formaldeído e 1% de emulsão de parafina. O ciclo de prensagem foi de 8 minutos, temperatura de 180 ºC e pressão específica de 40 kgf/cm2. Os ensaios foram realizados de acordo com a norma ASTM D1037 (1993) e a DIN 52362 (1982), sendo os resultados avaliados por meio da Análise de Variância e Teste de Scott-Knott. Como resultados, observou-se que as melhores composições foram obtidas no tratamento composto exclusivamente por partículas de Pinus spp e no tratamento com partículas de Pinus spp na camada central e E. benthamii nas camadas externas. Foi verificado potencial do Eucalyptus benthamii  para a produção de painéis OSB quando misturada com partículas de P. taeda e P. eliiottii, tendo em vista que em painéis puros apresentou resultados insatisfatórios.AbstractUse of Eucalyptus benthamii wood in the production of Oriented Strand Boards (OSB). This research aimed to produce OSB with particles of E. benthamii and mix of Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii. The experimental plan involved five treatments composed of panels with three layers of particles and nominal density of 0,65 g/cm3. The resin phenol formaldehyde and the wax sizing were applied in the amount of 6% and 1%, respectively. The pressing cycle was 8 minutes, temperature of 180 ºC and specific pressure of 40 kgf/cm2. The assays were performed according to standard ASTM D1037 (1993) and DIN 52362 (1982) and the results were evaluated by Analysis of Variance and Scott-Knott Test. As result, it was observed that the best compositions are obtained in the treatment composed exclusively of Pinus spp particles and in the treatment with particles of Pinus spp in the core layer and the E. benthamii in the outer layers. It was verified potential of Eucalyptus benthamii for the production of OSB when mixed with particles of P. taeda and P. eliiottii, considering that in pure panels it showed unsatisfactory results.Keywords: Wood panels; OSB; Eucalyptus sp and Pinus spp; Technological properties.This research aimed to produce OSB with particles of E. benthamii and mix of Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii. The experimental plan involved five treatments composed of panels with three layers of particles and nominal density of 0,65 g/cm3. The resin phenol formaldehyde and the wax sizing were applied in the amount of 6% and 1%, respectively. The pressing cycle was 8 minutes, temperature of 180 ºC and specific pressure of 40 kgf/cm2. The assays were performed according to standard ASTM D1037 (1993) and DIN 52362 (1982) and the results were evaluated by Analysis of Variance and Scott-Knott Test. As result, it was observed that the best compositions are obtained in the treatment composed exclusively of Pinus spp particles and in the treatment with particles of Pinus spp in the core layer and the E. benthamii in the outer layers. It was verified potential of Eucalyptus benthamii for the production of OSB when mixed with particles of P. taeda and P. eliiottii, considering that in pure panels it showed unsatisfactory results.

Disease status, reasons for discontinuation and adverse events in 1038 Italian children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with etanercept

Background: Data from routine clinical practice are needed to further define the efficacy and safety of biologic medications in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of this analysis was to investigate the disease status, reasons for discontinuation and adverse events in Italian JIA patients treated with etanercept (ETN). Methods: In 2013, all centers of the Italian Pediatric Rheumatology Study Group were asked to make a census of patients given ETN after January 2000. Patients were classified in three groups: group 1 = patients still taking ETN; group 2 = patients discontinued from ETN for any reasons; group 3 = patients lost to follow-up while receiving ETN. All three groups received a retrospective assessment; patients in group 1 also underwent a cross-sectional assessment. Results: 1038 patients were enrolled by 23 centers: 422 (40.7%) were in group 1, 462 (44.5%) in group 2, and 154 (14.8%) in group 3. Median duration of ETN therapy was 2.5 years. At cross-sectional assessment, 41.8% to 48.6% of patients in group 1 met formal criteria for inactive disease, whereas 52.4% of patients in group 2 and 55.8% of patients in group 3 were judged in clinical remission by their caring physician at last visit. A relatively greater proportion of patients with systemic arthritis were discontinued or lost to follow-up. Parent evaluations at cross-sectional visit in group 1 showed that 52.4% of patients had normal physical function, very few had impairment in quality of life, 51.2% had no pain, 76% had no morning stiffness, and 82.7% of parents were satisfied with their child's illness outcome. Clinically significant adverse events were reported for 27.8% of patients and ETN was discontinued for side effects in 9.5%. The most common adverse events were new onset or recurrent uveitis (10.2%), infections (6.6%), injection site reactions (4.4%), and neuropsychiatric (3.1%), gastrointestinal (2.4%), and hematological disorders (2.1%). Ten patients developed an inflammatory bowel disease and 2 had a malignancy. One patient died of a fulminant streptococcal sepsis. Conclusions: Around half of the patients achieved complete disease quiescence under treatment with ETN. The medication was overall well tolerated, as only one quarter of patients experienced clinically significant adverse events and less than 10% had treatment discontinued for toxicity