Literacia em saúde e comunicação na promoção da adesão à vacinação contra a COVID-19

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Microdialysis study of striatal dopamine in MPTP-hemilesioned rats challenged with apomorphine and amphetamine

Motor impairments of Parkinson`s disease (PD) appear only after the loss of more than 70% of the DAergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). An earlier phase of this disease can be modeled in rats that received a unilateral infusion of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrindine (MPTP) into the SNc. Though these animals do not present gross motor impairments, they rotate towards the lesioned side when challenged with DAergic drugs, like amphetamine and apomorphine. The present study aimed to test whether these effects occur because the drugs disrupt compensatory mechanisms that keep extracellular levels of dopamine in the striatum (DA(E)) unchanged. This hypothesis was tested by an in vivo microdialysis study in awake rats with two probes implanted in the right and left striatum. Undrugged rats did not present turning behaviour and their basal DA(E) did not differ between the lesioned and sham-lesioned sides. However, after apomorphine treatment, DA(E) decreased in both sides, but to a larger extent in the lesioned side at the time the animals started ipsiversive turning behaviour. After amphetamine challenge, DA(E) increased in both sides, becoming significantly higher in the non-lesioned side at the time the animals started ipsiversive turning behaviour. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that absence of gross motor impairments in this rat model of early phase PD depends on maintenance of extracellular DA by mechanisms that may be disrupted by events demanding its alteration to higher or lower levels. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.CNPqCAPE

DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA DAS CEPAS DE VÍRUS INFLUENZA A CIRCULANTES NA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA NOS ANOS DE 2021 A 2023: UMA ANÁLISE DA COMPATIBILIDADE VACINAL

Introdução/Objetivo: Anualmente a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), verifica a necessidade de atualização da composição da vacina antigripal, devido à alta variabilidade dos vírus influenza, baseando-se nos dados capitados pela Rede Global de Vigilância de Influenza. Nesse contexto, objetivamos por meio da caracterização genética, investigar compatibilidade das cepas de vírus influenza A circulantes na região Amazônica no período de janeiro de 2021 a maio de 2023 com as cepas vacinais preconizadas neste período. Metodologia: Foram selecionadas 354 amostras positivas, de modo que houvesse representatividade geográfica e temporal, para realização do sequenciamento de genoma completo por amplicons utilizando a plataforma MiSeq illumina. As sequências de nucleotídeos obtidas foram comparadas com as sequencias das cepas vacinais preconizadas para os Hemisférios Norte e Sul dos anos de 2021-2023. Resultados: Dentre os 354 genomas de influenza A analisados, 194 (55%) foram do subtipo A/H1N1pdm09 e 160 (45%) A/H3N2. Quanto as cepas de A/H3N2, 76 (47,5%) foram coletados em 2021, 82 (51,25%) em 2022 e duas (1,25%) em 2023. A análise filogenética mostrou que os genomas de A/H3N2 pertenciam a cinco clados distintos, são eles: 2a.1b (n = 1); 2a.2a (n = 5); 2a.3 (n = 18); 2a.2b (n = 20); e 2a.2 (n = 116). Todos geneticamente divergentes da cepa vacinal A/HongKong/2671/2019 preconizada para a temporada de 2021, mas geneticamente compatível com a cepa vacinal A/Darwin/6/2021-like, estabelecida para as temporadas de 2022 e 2023 do hemisfério sul. Em relação as cepas de A(H1N1)pdm09, 182 (94%) foram coletadas no ano de 2023 e 12 (6%) em 2022. No período analisado, observou-se a co-circulação do clado 6B.1A.5a.2a (n = 112) e clado 6B.1A.5a.2a.1 (n = 82). A maioria das cepas circulantes (72,7%) em 2022 eram geneticamente relacionadas com a cepa vacinal A/Victoria/2570/2019 preconizada para a temporada de 2022 do hemisfério Sul. Até maio de 2023, 60% dos vírus circulantes são geneticamente relacionados com a cepa vacinal A/Sydney/5/2021 disponível para o hemisfério sul, porém 40% são geneticamente relacionados com a cepa vacinal A/Wisconsin/588/2019, estabelecida para a temporada 2022/2023 do hemisfério Norte. Conclusão: Como consequência da alta variabilidade genética dos vírus influenza, os eventos de incompatibilidade entre a vacina e os vírus circulantes são observados e podem contribuir para uma carga adicional relacionada à doença devido à limitada proteção cruzada

Saúde ambiental : caderno de notas soltas III

Junho de 2023 © AutoresNa sua 3.ª edição, o Caderno de Notas Soltas pretende reunir diferentes perspetivas e metodologias, celebrando a sua razão de ser e a nobreza da sua génese intimamente ligada à realidade dos estudantes. Na verdade, passados três anos retomamos uma colaboração firmada desde a primeira hora com a Associação de Estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa (AEFML), num registo de proximidade da comunidade estudantil e dos interesses das gerações futuras.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Neotropical xenarthrans: a dataset of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics.

International audienceXenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data