Psychometric properties of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 in a large Brazilian sample

Objective: The field of food addiction has attracted growing research attention. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a screening tool based on DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders. However, there is no validated instrument to assess food addiction. Methods: The mYFAS 2.0 has been transculturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The data for this study was obtained through an anonymous web-based research platform: participants provided socio- demographic data and answered Brazilian versions of the the mYFAS 2.0 and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11). Analysis included an assessment of the Brazilian mYFAS 2.0’s internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity in relation to BIS-11 scores. Results: Overall, 7,639 participants were included (71.3% females; age: 27.2 6 7.9 years). The Brazilian mYFAS 2.0 had adequate internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). A single factor solution yielded the best goodness-of-fit parameters for both the continuous and categorical version of the mYFAS 2.0 in confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, mYFAS 2.0 correlated with BIS-11 total scores (Spearman’s rho = 0.26, p o 0.001) and subscores. Conclusion: The Brazilian mYFAS 2.0 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in our sample; however, future studies should further evaluate its discriminant validity

Food addiction: Prevalence, psychopathological correlates and associations with quality of life in a large sample

Objective: To determine the prevalence of food addiction in a large Brazilian non-clinical sample. Sociodemographic and psychopathological correlates of food addiction as well as associations with quality (QoL) domains were also investigated. Methods: This cross-sectional study obtained data from a Brazilian anonymous web-based research platform (N = 7639; 71.3% females). Participants provided sociodemographic data and completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, PHQ-9, hypomania checklist (HCL-32), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, AUDIT, modified Skin picking-Stanford questionnaire, Minnesota impulsive disorders interview, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised inventory (SCL-90R), early trauma inventory self report-short form, and the WHO Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-Bref). Associations were adjusted to potential confounders through multivariable models. Results: The prevalence of food addiction was 4.32% (95%CI: 3.89-4.80%), and was more common among females. Food addiction was associated with a positive screen for a major depressive episode (OR = 4.41; 95%CI: 3.46-5.62), bipolar spectrum disorder (OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.43-2.75), and skin picking disorder (OR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.31-3.09). Food addiction was also independently associated with exposure to early life psychological and sexual abuse (P = 0.008) as well as with reduced physical, psychological, social, and environment QoL (all P < 0.001). Conclusions: Food addiction may be common in low and middle-income countries, though possibly less prevalent than in the US. Food addiction was associated with co-occurring mood disorders and skin picking disorder as well as with early life psychological and sexual abuse. Finally, food addiction was independently associated with broad reductions in QoL. Public health efforts towards the early recognition and management of food addiction are warranted

Food addiction:Prevalence, psychopathological correlates and associations with quality of life in a large sample

Objective: To determine the prevalence of food addiction in a large Brazilian non-clinical sample. Sociodemographic and psychopathological correlates of food addiction as well as associations with quality (QoL) domains were also investigated. Methods: This cross-sectional study obtained data from a Brazilian anonymous web-based research platform (N = 7639; 71.3% females). Participants provided sociodemographic data and completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, PHQ-9, hypomania checklist (HCL-32), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, AUDIT, modified Skin picking-Stanford questionnaire, Minnesota impulsive disorders interview, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised inventory (SCL-90R), early trauma inventory self report-short form, and the WHO Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-Bref). Associations were adjusted to potential confounders through multivariable models. Results: The prevalence of food addiction was 4.32% (95%CI: 3.89-4.80%), and was more common among females. Food addiction was associated with a positive screen for a major depressive episode (OR = 4.41; 95%CI: 3.46-5.62), bipolar spectrum disorder (OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.43-2.75), and skin picking disorder (OR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.31-3.09). Food addiction was also independently associated with exposure to early life psychological and sexual abuse (P = 0.008) as well as with reduced physical, psychological, social, and environment QoL (all P < 0.001). Conclusions: Food addiction may be common in low and middle-income countries, though possibly less prevalent than in the US. Food addiction was associated with co-occurring mood disorders and skin picking disorder as well as with early life psychological and sexual abuse. Finally, food addiction was independently associated with broad reductions in QoL. Public health efforts towards the early recognition and management of food addiction are warranted

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Modificação de zeros em sistemas de controle robusto utilizando LMIs

Neste trabalho são propostas metodologias para a utilização dos zeros em sistemas de controle. Neste contexto, propõe-se o uso dos zeros no projeto de sistemas de rastreamento de sinais de referência e apresenta-se um processo sistemático para alocação de zeros aplicado a sistemas de controle. Objetivando-se solucionar o problema de rastreamento de sinais de referência propõe-se uma metodologia de variação dos zeros, sendo considerado a existência de um sinal de entrada exógena de perturbação ou distúrbio na planta. Neste contexto, em um primeiro momento, projeta-se um controlador a fim de diminuir o efeito desta perturbação no desempenho do sistema. O processo de atenuação do efeito do sinal exógeno na saída do sistema é abordado de duas maneiras: com a realimentação dos estados reconstruídos da planta através do estimador, neste caso utiliza-se um controlador H2 e utilizando-se a realimentação dinâmica da saída do sistema através de um controlador K(s) com índice de desempenho H 2 ou H8. A seguir, através da modificação dos zeros, minimiza a norma H8 entre o sinal de referência e o erro entre o sinal de saída e a referência, constituindo portanto um rastreador de sinal. Os projetos são equacionados utilizando-se inequações matriciais lineares, que...Methodologies that use zeros in control systems were proposed. In this context, were proposed the use of zero for tracking system and a systematic process for zeros location used in control system. A methodology were proposed to vary the zeros, that is useful to solve the tracking problem, when the existence of input perturbation or disturbance signal is considered in the plant. Initially, a controller is designed in order to attenuate the effect of disturbance signal. The attenuation of the effect of the signal disturbance is made in two ways. In the first moment, is used the feedback of states of the plant thought of the estimator, and in this case is designed a H2 controller. In the other hand, is used the dynamic output feedback, and so it is designed a H2 or H8 controller for obtain this attenuation. Following, it is minimized the H8-norm between the reference signal and error signal, where the error signal is the difference between the output signal and the reference signal, it becoming a system tracking. The designs was formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities, that allow describe the problems of convex optimization. A methodology for to obtain the global optimum solution using zeros variation is presented. The methodology of zeros used to solve... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Metodologia para rastreamento com modificação dos zeros e rejeição de distúrbio aplicada a sistemas incertos

Propõe-se uma metodologia para rastreamento de sinais e rejeição a distúrbio aplicada a sistemas incertos, com incerteza do tipo politópica. Realiza-se o processo de atenuação do efeito do sinal de distúrbio na saída do sistema através da realimentação dinâmica da saída utilizando-se um controlador Kp(s) que minimiza a norma H2 de custo garantido de w(t) para z(t), sendo w(t) o sinal de distúrbio e z(t) a saída do sistema. Então, para o rastreamento de sinais utiliza-se a modificação ótima dos zeros a fim de minimizar a norma H¥ de custo garantido da função de transferência entre o sinal de referência e o sinal de erro de rastreamento, sendo o erro de rastreamento a diferença entre o sinal de referência r(t) e o sinal de saída z(t). O projeto de rastreamento de sinais e rejeição do efeito do ruído presente na planta é descrito na forma de LMIs que, quando factíveis, pode-se obter a solução ótima para o problema. Exemplos ilustram a viabilidade da metodologia proposta.The methodology for tracking system and disturbance rejection considering polytopic uncertainties in the plant is proposed in this work. The process of disturbance rejection is make though of the dynamic feedback of the system using a controller Kp(s) that minimize the H2-norm guaranteed cost from w(t) para z(t), where w(t) is the disturbance signal and z(t) is the output of the system. and so, one use the optimal zeros modification with purpose of to design the tracking system. In this way, the modification of the zeros is used to minimize the H¥-norm guaranteed cost from the reference input signal to the tracking error signal, where the tracking error signal was diference between the reference input signal and output signal of the system. The design is formulated in Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) framework, when it presents a solution, the optimal solution of the stated control problem is obtained. Two practical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Controle ótimo H∞ de sistemas não-lineares com modelos fuzzy takagi-sugeno

Neste trabalho é proposta uma metodologia de rastreamento de sinais e rejeição de distúrbios aplicada a sistemas não-lineares. Para o projeto do sistema de rastreamento, projeta-se os controladores fuzzy M(a) e N(a) que minimizam o limitante superior da norma H∞ entre o sinal de referência r(t) e o sinal de erro de rastreamento e(t), sendo e(t) a diferença entre a entrada de referência e a saída do sistema z(t). No método de rejeição de distúrbio utiliza-se a realimentação dinâmica da saída através de um controlador fuzzy Kc(a) que minimiza o limitante superior da norma H∞ entre o sinal de entrada exógena w(t) e o sinal de saída z(t). O procedimento de projeto proposto considera as não-linearidades da planta através dos modelos fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno. Os métodos são equacionados utilizando-se inequações matriciais lineares (LMIs), que quando factíveis, podem ser facilmente solucionados por algoritmos de convergência polinomial. Por fim, um exemplo ilustra a viabilidade da metodologia proposta.A design method for tracking system with disturbance rejection applied to nonlinear systems using fuzzy control is proposed in this paper. Fuzzy feedforward controllers M(a) and N(a) are designed in order to obtain the tracking system. These controllers minimize the H∞-norm from the reference input signal r(t) to the tracking error signal e(t), where the tracking error signal is the difference between the reference input signal r(t) and the output signal z(t). A dynamic feedback fuzzy controller Kc(a) is designed in order to minimize the H∞-norm from the disturbance input w(t) to the output z(t). The designs are formulated in Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) framework, such that the optimal solutions of the stated control problems are obtained. Simulation of a practical problem illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method