Efeito de terra de diatomáceas e óleo essencial de citronela, Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, sobre a incidência de mosca-das-frutas, Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae), em cultivares de ameixeira em sistema orgânico.

A mosca-das-frutas, Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) é considerada uma das principais pragas no sistema de produção orgânica de fruteiras temperadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar produtos alternativos sobre a incidência deste inseto em cultivares de ameixeira em sistema orgânico. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Epagri/Estação Experimental de Ituporanga de outubro a janeiro de 2006/2007. Os tratamentos foram (1) terra de diatomáceas 1% associada a óleo essencial de citronela, Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, a 0,5%; (2) terra de diatomáceas 0,5% e (3) testemunha (sem tratamento). As cultivares de ameixeira estudadas foram Irati, Rosa Mineira, Januária e Centenária. A cultivar Irati foi a menos infestada por mosca-das-frutas devido a colheita precoce, até meados de dezembro, pois escapa de altas temperaturas que favorecem a incidência do inseto. Os tratamentos alteraram a densidade de larvas de mosca-das-frutas por fruto, mas não reduziram a perda de frutos. Para maior eficácia no manejo de mosca-das-frutas a terra de diatomácea deve estar associada a outras substâncias com alto poder repelente, deterrente ou inseticida

OS VESTÍGIOS DA DINÂMICA URBANA: MAPEAMENTO DOS LOCAIS DE DISPOSIÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS EM SANTA BÁRBARA DOESTE (SP): 1970-2012

O trabalho analisa a relação dos aspectos socioterritoriais e a questão do lixo em Santa Bárbara d.Oeste (SP), nos últimos 30 anos. Constata a mudança do lixo em termos de geração, coleta e disposição final. Dessa forma, caracteriza a dinâmica e a configuração territorial do município e a maneira como este reage às pressões ao longo o tempo. Levantou-se informações sobre o município por meio de pesquisa qualitativa. Interpreta-se que as mudanças nos procedimentos (do lixão existente até 1989 ao aterro municipal) revelam pressões demográficas, técnicas e normativas. Elaborou mapa dos locais utilizados para disposição final de lixo. Observa-se tendência para maior rigor de funcionamento, diminuição de impacto ambiental e de gastos operacionais. Apesar disso, o aterro opera abaixo das exigências ambientais legais. Existe, ainda, cooperativa de moradores realizando reciclagem de resíduos em pequena escala. Mais do que qualquer outro aspecto técnico a questão dos resíduos é regida por contradições de nossa sociedade bem como inúmeros problemas sociais ou econômicos. Nota-se que a melhoria ambiental não traduz as intencionalidades em torno do problem

Cysteine Boosts Fitness Under Hypoxia-Mimicked Conditions in Ovarian Cancer by Metabolic Reprogramming

Funding Information: Funding. This research was supported by Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e Tecnologia (FCT) (Ph.D. ProRegeM program, Ref: PD/BD/105893/2014; FCT individual Ph.D. fellowship Ref: 2020.06956.BD) and iNOVA4 Health (Project 4 and Project 21). iNOVA4Health-UID/Multi/04462/2013 is a program financially supported by Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e Tecnologia/ Minist?rio da Educa??o e Ci?ncia, through national funds. The authors would like to acknowledge the Instituto Portugu?s de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG) for partially funding the project. Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2021 Nunes, Ramos, Santos, Mendes, Silva, Vicente, Pereira, Félix, Gonçalves and Serpa.Among gynecologic malignancies, ovarian cancer is the third most prevalent and the most common cause of death, especially due to diagnosis at an advanced stage together with resistance to therapy. As a solid tumor grows, cancer cells in the microenvironment are exposed to regions of hypoxia, a selective pressure prompting tumor progression and chemoresistance. We have previously shown that cysteine contributes to the adaptation to this hypoxic microenvironment, but the mechanisms by which cysteine protects ovarian cancer cells from hypoxia-induced death are still to be unveiled. Herein, we hypothesized that cysteine contribution relies on cellular metabolism reprogramming and energy production, being cysteine itself a metabolic source. Our results strongly supported a role of xCT symporter in energy production that requires cysteine metabolism instead of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) per se. Cysteine degradation depends on the action of the H2S-synthesizing enzymes cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and/or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MpST; together with cysteine aminotransferase, CAT). In normoxia, CBS and CSE inhibition had a mild impact on cysteine-sustained ATP production, pointing out the relevance of CAT + MpST pathway. However, in hypoxia, the concomitant inhibition of CBS and CSE had a stronger impact on ATP synthesis, thus also supporting a role of their hydrogen sulfide and/or cysteine persulfide-synthesizing activity in this stressful condition. However, the relative contributions of each of these enzymes (CBS/CSE/MpST) on cysteine-derived ATP synthesis under hypoxia remains unclear, due to the lack of specific inhibitors. Strikingly, NMR analysis strongly supported a role of cysteine in the whole cellular metabolism rewiring under hypoxia. Additionally, the use of cysteine to supply biosynthesis and bioenergetics was reinforced, bringing cysteine to the plateau of a main carbon sources in cancer. Collectively, this work supports that sulfur and carbon metabolism reprogramming underlies the adaptation to hypoxic microenvironment promoted by cysteine in ovarian cancer.publishersversionpublishe

Ausência de atividade mutagênica de Guazuma ulmifolia Lamb. (mutamba) em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster

Guazuma ulmifolia Lamb., popularmente conhecida como mutamba, é uma planta medicinal encontrada no Cerrado brasileiro. O fitoterápico mutamba é usado na medicina alternativa para o tratamento de: diarréia, asma, bronquite, febre, elefantíase, sífilis, obesidade, hanseníase, queda de cabelos, disenteria, entre outros. Também é considerado adstringente, depurativo e sudorífero. Opresente trabalho avaliou o efeito genotóxico da mutamba, através do teste SMART/asa, em larvas de terceiro estágio de desenvolvimento embrionário de Drosophila melanogaster descendentes do cruzamento padrão (ST) e do cruzamento de alta atividade metabólica (HB). Pelos resultados não foram observadas alterações estatisticamente significativas nas freqüências de manchas entre as diferentes concentrações do fitoterápico (500, 50, 35 e 25 mg/mL) e o controle negativo nos descendentes de nenhum cruzamento, indicando que nestas condições experimentais G. ulmifolia não apresentou efeito genotóxico em células somáticas de D. melanogaster

Stroke Correlates in Chagasic and Non-Chagasic Cardiomyopathies

BACKGROUND: Aging and migration have brought changes to the epidemiology and stroke has been shown to be independently associated with Chagas disease. We studied stroke correlates in cardiomyopathy patients with focus on the chagasic etiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed a cross-sectional review of medical records of 790 patients with a cardiomyopathy. Patients with chagasic (329) and non-chagasic (461) cardiomyopathies were compared. There were 108 stroke cases, significantly more frequent in the Chagas group (17.3% versus 11.1%; p<0.01). Chagasic etiology (odds ratio [OR], 1.79), pacemaker (OR, 2.49), atrial fibrillation (OR, 3.03) and coronary artery disease (OR, 1.92) were stroke predictors in a multivariable analysis of the entire cohort. In a second step, the population was split into those with or without a Chagas-related cardiomyopathy. Univariable post-stratification stroke predictors in the Chagas cohort were pacemaker (OR, 2.73), and coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR, 2.58); while atrial fibrillation (OR, 2.98), age over 55 (OR, 2.92), hypertension (OR, 2.62) and coronary artery disease (OR, 1.94) did so in the non-Chagas cohort. Chagasic stroke patients presented a very high frequency of individuals without any vascular risk factors (40.4%; OR, 4.8). In a post-stratification logistic regression model, stroke remained associated with pacemaker (OR, 2.72) and coronary artery disease (OR, 2.60) in 322 chagasic patients, and with age over 55 (OR, 2.38), atrial fibrillation (OR 3.25) and hypertension (OR 2.12; p = 0.052) in 444 non-chagasic patients. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Chagas cardiomyopathy presented both a higher frequency of stroke and an independent association with it. There was a high frequency of strokes without any vascular risk factors in the Chagas as opposed to the non-Chagas cohort. Pacemaker rhythm and CAD were independently associated with stroke in the Chagas group while age over 55 years, hypertension and atrial fibrillation did so in the non-Chagas cardiomyopathies

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Caracterização mineralógica e da matéria orgânica de latossolos brasileiros sob vegetação nativa

A matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) constitui importante componente dos solos de regiões tropicais e subtropicais, tendo papel importante em suas propriedades químicas e físicas. Com objetivo de avaliar as características da MOS em Latossolos brasileiros sob vegetação nativa e sua relação com a profundidade e com as características mineralógicas e texturais dos solos, foram realizados dois estudos. No primeiro estudo foi investigou-se o efeito do tratamento com solução de HF 10% na resolução espectral de RMN 13C e na qualidade da MOS em amostras de horizontes A e B de quatro Latossolos brasileiros. Os sucessivos tratamentos com HF melhoraram a resolução espectral em ambos os horizontes. As perdas de C ao longo dos tratamentos foram da ordem de 39 a 48% no horizonte A e 71 a 85% no horizonte B, porém não foram seletivas para nenhum dos grupos funcionais determinados por RMN 13C. No segundo estudo, amostras do horizonte A de oito Latossolos, sendo seis do Rio Grande do Sul sob vegetação de campo nativo, um do Distrito Federal sob vegetação de cerrado e um do Amazonas sob vegetação de floresta tropical foram submetidas ao fracionamento físico da MOS. As frações obtidas foram analisadas por análise elementar e espectroscopia de RMN 13C CP/MAS. Microagregados de argila contendo óxidos de ferro, resistiram à dispersão de ultrassom a 450J mL-1. A proporção dos grupos C-O-alquil aumentou com a diminuição do tamanho de partícula e a razão C alquil/ C-O-alquil diminuiu, evidenciando o mecanismo de proteção da MOS devido à interação com a superfície dos minerais. Este comportamento foi mais acentuado nos solos argilosos do Rio Grande do Sul. A variação dos grupos funcionais da MOS em função do tamanho de partícula foi diferenciada entre os solos estudados, indicando que a comparação direta da qualidade e dinâmica da MOS em diferentes ambientes é limitada