Design of a batch reactor with a capacity to produce 1 ton / biochar day from empty fruit bunch and sludge wasted from the process of obtaining palm oil.

Colombia es el cuarto productor de palma de aceite globalmente y es el primero en el continente americano produciendo en el 2017 más de 1.600.000 toneladas. En el proceso de extracción del aceite crudo de palma se generan grandes cantidades de subproductos: racimos de frutos secos (RFV), fibras, lodos de piscinas de oxidación y cenizas. Aceites S.A. se encuentra interesada en la financiación de proyectos donde se aprovechen los subproductos de la producción del aceite de palma, con el fin de darles valor agregado para ser comercializados o reutilizados en la planta para generación de energía u otras aplicaciones. La carbonización hidrotermal (HTC) es un proceso termoquímico que convierte biomasa en biochar mediante la exposición de la mezcla biomasa-agua a altas condiciones de temperaturas y presión saturada por varias horas. El biochar producto de este proceso de carbonización es fácil de manejar, con buenas propiedades de deshidratación y al secarse adecuadamente alcanza poder calorífico elevados. Dicho producto puede ser implementado para el acondicionamiento de los suelos, material de combustión y demás aplicaciones ambientales, electroquímicas y catalíticas. La materia prima utilizada en la línea de proceso de HTC es raquis y lodos, los cuales son productos derivados de la producción de aceite de palma africana. El objetivo principal del proyecto es el diseño mecánico de un reactor por lotes para producción de 1 tonelada por día en una planta piloto de carbonización hidrotermal ubicada en la planta de producción de aceite de palma. El diseño del reactor se realiza de acuerdo con las recomendaciones e instrucciones del código ASME BPVC Sección VIII División 1. Con la ejecución del proyecto de diseño de la planta piloto de carbonización hidrotermal se busca establecer si es viable económica y técnicamente la implementación de un proceso de producción a escala industrial de biochar para el aprovechamiento de los subproductos de la extracción del aceite de palma.Colombia is the fourth producer of oil palm globally and is the first in the American continent producing more than 1,600,000 tons in 2017. In the process of extracting crude palm oil, large quantities of by-products are generated: empty fruit bunch (RFV), fibers, sludge from oxidation pools and ash. Oils S.A. is interested in financing projects that take advantage of the by-products of palm oil production, to give them added value to be commercialized or reused in the plant for power generation or other applications. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process that converts biomass into biochar by exposing the biomass-water mixture at high temperatures and saturated pressure for several hours. The biochar product of this carbonization process is easy to handle, with good dehydration properties and when dried properly it reaches high calorific value. Said product can be implemented for the conditioning of floors, combustion material and other environmental, electrochemical and catalytic applications. The raw material used in the HTC process line is empty fruit bunch (EFB) and sludge, which are products derived from the production of African palm oil. The main objective of the project is the mechanical design of a batch reactor for production of 1 ton per day in a pilot hydrothermal carbonization plant located in the palm oil production plant. The design of the reactor is carried out in accordance with the recommendations and instructions of the code ASME BPVC Section VIII Division 1. With the execution of the design project of the hydrothermal carbonization pilot plant, it is sought to establish if it is economically and technically feasible to implement a process of production on an industrial scale of biochar for the exploitation of the by-products of the extraction of palm oil

Hepatites por vírus

Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Fundação Nacional de Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Pará. Belém, PA, Brasil

Hepatites por vírus

Os documentos não foram migrados por conter direitos autorais (livro).BR IEC GB AP PUB 025DossiêItensDossiê de documentos do capítulo escrito pela Drª Gilberta Bensabath "Hepatites por Vírus" do livro " Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias: Enfoque Amazônico" de Raimundo Leão. Contém o convite, atualização de dados cadastrais, estrutura do livro, rascunhos e o artigo do capítulo. Livro publicado em 1997

SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein activates TMEM16F-mediated platelet procoagulant activity.

Thrombosis of the lung microvasculature is a characteristic of COVID-19 disease, which is observed in large excess compared to other forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome and thus suggests a trigger for thrombosis that is endogenous to the lung. Our recent work has shown that the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein activates the cellular TMEM16F chloride channel and scramblase. Through a screening on >3,000 FDA/EMA approved drugs, we identified Niclosamide and Clofazimine as the most effective molecules at inhibiting Spike-induced TMEM16 activation. As TMEM16F plays an important role in stimulating the procoagulant activity of platelets, we investigated whether Spike directly affects platelet activation and pro-thrombotic function and tested the effect of Niclosamide and Clofazimine on these processes. Here we show that Spike, present either on the virion envelope or on the cell plasma membrane, promotes platelet activation, adhesion and spreading. Spike was active as a sole agonist or, even more effectively, by enhancing the function of known platelet activators. In particular, Spike-induced a marked procoagulant phenotype in platelets, by enhancing Ca2+ flux, phosphatidylserine externalization on the platelet outer cell membrane, and thrombin generation. Eventually, this increased thrombin-induced clot formation and retraction. Both Niclosamide and Clofazimine blocked this Spike-induced procoagulant response. These findings provide a pathogenic mechanism to explain lung thrombosis-associated with severe COVID-19 infection. We propose that Spike, present in SARS-CoV-2 virions or exposed on the surface of infected cells in the lungs, enhances the effects of inflammation and leads to local platelet stimulation and subsequent activation of the coagulation cascade. As platelet TMEM16F is central in this process, these findings reinforce the rationale of repurposing Niclosamide for COVID-19 therapy

IDPlanT: the Italian database of plant translocation

IDPlanT is the Italian Database of Plant Translocation, an initiative of the Nature Conservation Working Group of the Italian Botanical Society. IDPlanT currently includes 185 plant translocations.The establishment of a national database on plant translocation is a key step forward in data sharing and techniques improvement in this field of plant conservatio

Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3

International audienceSince the initial data taking of the CERN LHC, the CMS experiment has undergone substantial upgrades and improvements. This paper discusses the CMS detector as it is configured for the third data-taking period of the CERN LHC, Run 3, which started in 2022. The entire silicon pixel tracking detector was replaced. A new powering system for the superconducting solenoid was installed. The electronics of the hadron calorimeter was upgraded. All the muon electronic systems were upgraded, and new muon detector stations were added, including a gas electron multiplier detector. The precision proton spectrometer was upgraded. The dedicated luminosity detectors and the beam loss monitor were refurbished. Substantial improvements to the trigger, data acquisition, software, and computing systems were also implemented, including a new hybrid CPU/GPU farm for the high-level trigger