Assessment of the periodontal health status and gingival recession during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The aim was to assess periodontal health maintenance and gingival recessions development in pa-tients undergoing an orthodontic treatment with clear aligners (CA) and fixed appliances (FA).Material and Methods: An electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed up to September 2022 to identify all potential articles. Two investigators independently selected the studies according to the inclusion criteria. Prospective and retrospective studies assessing the periodontal health status and gingival recession development during the orthodontic treatment with buccal FA and CA were included. Case series, cross-sectional studies, and studies with less than two months of follow-up were excluded. Two investigators independently extracted the data from included articles and assessed risk of bias across studies using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data were performed. Pairwise meta-analysis using a random-effects model were used to compare periodontal indices between FA and CA treat-ment in different follow-up periods.Results: From the 129 potential studies, finally 12 studies were included. Only 8 could be included in the quantita-tive analysis. CA seems to slightly maintain better periodontal health indices. Only plaque index in a mid-term follow-up (mean difference (MD):-0.99; 95%; Confidence interval (CI) [-1.94 to-0.03]; P=.04; I2=99%), and pocket probing depth at a long-term follow-up (MD: -0.93mm; 95% CI [-1.16 to 0.7]; P<0.0001) reported statisti-cally significant results favoring CA.Conclusions: Up to the date there is not enough evidence to conclude that CA maintains better periodontal health during an orthodontic treatment than FA

Upwind Finite Element-PML Approximation of a Novel Linear Potential Model for Free Surface Flows Produced by a Floating Rigid Body

[Abstract] A novel linear potential model is presented to compute free surface flows of incompressible fluids produced by the motion of a floating rigid body in the presence of an underlying non-uniform flow. In particular, the proposed model enables the accurate numerical simulation of the Kelvin wake pattern in a computational domain of reduced size. The governing equations are obtained by using an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation which involves the underlying velocity of the fluid around the floating body assuming flat free surface, and a non-dimensional analysis to derive the novel linear system of equations for free surface flows. The discretization of the proposed model is made by a standard Galerkin finite element method, where a SUPG-inspired upwinding strategy has been used in combination with a Perfectly Matched Layer technique which allows truncating the original unbounded fluid domain without introducing spurious reflections in the Kelvin wake pattern. The numerical simulations computed with the proposed approach are compared with the results obtained by the classical linear potential model with uniform underlying flow and also with those from the full incompressible Navier–Stokes equations equipped with the k−ω SST turbulent model. This numerical comparison is discussed in terms of a classical hydrodynamic floating body benchmark involving the Wigley hull.The first two authors have been partially supported by FSE Galicia 2014-2020 and Xunta de Galicia under grant ED481A-2018/212; by Xunta de Galicia & ERDF under grant ED431C 2021/15 and by MICINN/Agencia Estatal de Investigacin & ERDF under the research project MTM2017-86459-R. The third author has been supported by MICINN & ERDF projects MTM2017-82724-R, PID2019-108584RB-I00, and also by ED431C 2018/33 - M2NICA (Xunta de Galicia & ERDF) and ED431G 2019/01 - CITIC (Xunta de Galicia & ERDF)Xunta de Galicia; ED481A-2018/212Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/15Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2018/33Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/0

Papel del logopeda en un centro gerontológico de estancias diurnas

[Resumen] El aumento de población anciana en nuestra sociedad es un hecho que ha provocado la aparición de nuevos recursos socio-sanitarios que cubran sus necesidades. El Centro Gerontológico de Estancias Diurnas es un servicio multidisciplinar diurno que se ocupa de la atención social y sanitaria, con actuación terapéutica y preventiva, de los mayores facilitando la vida laboral de las personas que se ocupan ordinariamente de su cuidado. Los centros de día deben proporcionar una atención integral debiendo, por tanto, estar constituidos por un equipo profesional multidisciplinar en el que la figura del logopeda esté presente desarrollando una labor específica. Parece, por tanto, interesante delimitar las funciones básicas a desempeñar, los trastornos más comunes susceptibles de intervención, así como, algunas directrices a tener en cuenta.[Abstract] The increase of the senior population in our society is an event that has provoked the appeareance of a new sort of social and sanitary recource, a structure that has to be concerned with the needs of this population. The gerontologic day-center is in brief a multidisciplinar service, that works during day time, treating the social and sanitary occupation of our elder with both therapeutic and preventive acts. This to provide a normal working life for the people who are usually taking care of these people. Day-centers have to answer these needs with a complete service, and for that reason they have to apile to a multidisciplinar staff in wich the speech-therapist develops a specific role. It seems though interesting to define the basic functions that a professional speech-therapist has to perform, such as the most common disorders capable of treatment and general intervention, as well derectives to bear in mind

Effect of Disorder on Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics Probed by Single Molecule Spectroscopy

We present a single-molecule study unraveling the effect of static disorder on the vibrational-assisted ultrafast exciton dynamics in multichromophoric systems. For every single complex, we probe the initial exciton relaxation process by an ultrafast pump-probe approach and the coupling to vibrational modes by emission spectra, while fluorescence lifetime analysis measures the amount of static disorder. Exploiting the wide range of disorder found from complex to complex, we demonstrate that static disorder accelerates the dephasing and energy relaxation rate of the exciton

The use of physical restraints in long-term care in Spain: a multi-center cross-sectional study

Background Physical restraint is a procedure used frequently in long-term care. It is a controversial practice because its use is associated with numerous complications and also affects freedom and individual autonomy. The objective of this study was to examine the use of physical restraint of long-term care residents with the ability to move voluntarily. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational and correlational multi-center study. Nine centers agreed to participate. Of the 1,200 people present at the time of data collection, those without voluntary movement or in the facility for less than a month were excluded. Thus, the final sample was 920 residents. Data on the use of restraints was collected by direct observation. Information about the age, gender, length of stay, falls, mobility, cognition and functional status of residents was gathered by reviewing clinical records and interviewing nursing staff. A descriptive analysis of the data obtained was conducted. The generalized linear model was used, considering only the principal effects of each variable and using the logit link function. The model has been adjusted for clusters and for other possibly confounding factors. For all analyses, a confidence interval (CI) of 95% was estimated. Results The prevalence of residents with at least one physical restraint was 84.9% (95% CI: 81.7–88.1), with variability between centers of 70.3 to 96.6% (p-value Kruskal Wallis test <0.001). Full-enclosure side rails were most often used (84.5; 95% CI: 81.1–87.9), but other types of restraints were also used frequently. Multivariate analysis showed that the degree of functional impairment increased the probability of the use of restraint. A significant association was also found between restraint use and the impaired cognitive status of residents. Conclusions The prevalence was higher than in studies from other countries. The results emphasize the need to improve the training of nursing staff in the care of residents with impairments in functional and cognitive status. The use of alternative devices and nurse consultants need to be evaluated, and the introduction of specific laws considered.Sociedad Canaria de Geriatría y Gerontología and the Fundación Canaria de Investigación Sanitaria financed this study.S

Investigation on the combined effect of cocaine and ethanol administration through a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics approach

Alcohol is the most widely consumed legal drug, whereas cocaine is the illicit psychostimulant most commonly used in Europe. The combined use of alcohol and cocaine is frequent among drug-abuse consumers and leads to further exacerbation of health consequences compared to individual consumption. The pharmacokinetic and metabolic interactions leading to an increase in their combined toxicity still remains poorly understood. Here, the first metabolomics study of combined cocaine and ethanol chronic exposure effects is reported. A Liquid Chromatography strategy based on sample derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride and using a C18 column coupled to high resolution Mass Spectrometry (time of flight analyzer) was employed to analyze plasma from rats exposed intravenously to these drugs in a 52-min analysis. Using a combination of non-supervised and supervised multivariate analysis the metabolic differences between our experimental groups were explored and unraveled. A comparative analysis of the individual models and their variable importance in the projection values have shown that every experiment intervention includes a subset of specific metabolites. Eleven of these metabolites were annotated, where eight were unequivocally identified using standards and three were tentatively identified by matching the MS/MS spectra to libraries. The results demonstrated that the affected metabolic pathways were mainly those related to the metabolism of different amino acids. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Spatiotemporal dynamics of wild herbivore species richness and occupancy across a savannah rangeland:Implications for conservation

Private lands are critical for maintaining biodiversity beyond protected areas. Across Kenyan rangelands, wild herbivores frequently coexist with people and their livestock. Human population and livestock numbers are projected to increase dramatically over the coming decades. Therefore, a better understanding of wildlife-livestock interactions and their consequences for biodiversity conservation on private lands is needed. We used a Bayesian hierarchical, multi-species and multi-year occupancy model on aerial survey data of 15 wild-herbivore species, spanning 15 years (2001–2016) to investigate a) spatiotemporal trends in species occurrence and richness across a mosaic of properties with different land uses in Laikipia County, central Kenya; and b) the effects of distance to water, vegetation and livestock relative abundance on species occurrence and richness. Although mean herbivore species richness varied little over time, we observed high spatial variation in species occurrence across Laikipia, mainly driven by negative effects of high livestock relative abundance. As expected, ‘wildlife friendly’ properties had higher herbivore species richness than other areas. However, high variability suggests that some pastoral properties support rich herbivore communities. The area occupied by five species with global conservation concerns (reticulated giraffe, Grevy's zebra, Beisa Oryx, Defassa waterbuck and gerenuk) and for which Laikipia County is one of the last refuges was <50% across years. We conclude that ‘wildlife friendly’ properties remain crucial for conservation, although some pastoralist areas offer suitable habitats for wild herbivores. Effective management of stocking rates is critical for maintaining ecosystems able to sustain livestock and wildlife on private lands, ensuring protection for endangered species