Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2010: I. Acute renal failure, outcome, risk assessment and ICU performance, sepsis, neuro intensive care and experimentals

SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Interpretable deep learning for the remote characterisation of ambulation in multiple sclerosis using smartphones

The emergence of digital technologies such as smartphones in healthcare applications have demonstrated the possibility of developing rich, continuous, and objective measures of multiple sclerosis (MS) disability that can be administered remotely and out-of-clinic. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) may capture a richer representation of healthy and MS-related ambulatory characteristics from the raw smartphone-based inertial sensor data than standard feature-based methodologies. To overcome the typical limitations associated with remotely generated health data, such as low subject numbers, sparsity, and heterogeneous data, a transfer learning (TL) model from similar large open-source datasets was proposed. Our TL framework leveraged the ambulatory information learned on human activity recognition (HAR) tasks collected from wearable smartphone sensor data. It was demonstrated that fine-tuning TL DCNN HAR models towards MS disease recognition tasks outperformed previous Support Vector Machine (SVM) feature-based methods, as well as DCNN models trained end-to-end, by upwards of 8-15%. A lack of transparency of "black-box" deep networks remains one of the largest stumbling blocks to the wider acceptance of deep learning for clinical applications. Ensuing work therefore aimed to visualise DCNN decisions attributed by relevance heatmaps using Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation (LRP). Through the LRP framework, the patterns captured from smartphone-based inertial sensor data that were reflective of those who are healthy versus people with MS (PwMS) could begin to be established and understood. Interpretations suggested that cadence-based measures, gait speed, and ambulation-related signal perturbations were distinct characteristics that distinguished MS disability from healthy participants. Robust and interpretable outcomes, generated from high-frequency out-of-clinic assessments, could greatly augment the current in-clinic assessment picture for PwMS, to inform better disease management techniques, and enable the development of better therapeutic interventions

Type 2 diabetes: a protective factor for COPD?

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are common comorbidities. COPD is a known risk factor for incident T2DM, however few studies have examined the relationship in reverse. The primary aim of this study was to compare the incidence of COPD in people with and without T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case-control study using a long-established English general practice network database (n=894,646). We matched 29,217 cases of T2DM with controls, adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, BMI and social deprivation, to achieve 1:1 propensity matching and compared the rate of incident COPD over eight years of follow-up. We performed a secondary analysis to investigate the effect of insulin, metformin and sulphonylureas on COPD incidence. RESULTS: People with T2DM had a reduced risk of COPD compared to matched controls over the follow-up period (HR 0.89, 95%CI 0.79-0.93). 48.5% of those with T2DM were ex-smokers compared with 27.3% of those without T2DM. Active smoking rates were 20.4% and 23.7% respectively. Insulin, metformin and sulphonylureas were not associated with incident COPD. CONCLUSIONS: People with T2DM are less likely to be diagnosed with COPD than matched controls. This may be due to positive lifestyle changes, such as smoking cessation in those with T2DM.</p

Smartphone-based remote assessment of upper extremity function for multiple sclerosis using the Draw a Shape Test

status: publishe

Smartphone-and smartwatch-based remote characterisation of ambulation in multiple sclerosis during the two-minute walk test

status: accepte

Biological markers for meat tenderness of the three main French beef breeds using 2-DE and MS approach

In order to identify new markers of beef tenderness, a proteomic analysis was performed on Longissimus thoracis muscle to compare two extreme groups in terms of meat tenderness, consisting of 10 animals each of the three main French beef breeds: Blond d’Aquitaine, Charolais, and Limousin. Animals were grouped on the basis of an index combining a tenderness score estimated by a trained panel and mechanical shear force measurement (Warner-Bratzler). The large number of available experimental animals (more than 3,300 young bulls) allowed animals with different meat tenderness but similar main muscle characteristics (fibers, collagen, and lipids) to be chosen. The muscle proteins of the extreme groups considered 24 h after slaughter were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, statistical analysis, and mass spectrometry. Potential markers of tenderness were suggested for each breed; their marker status varied according to the breed. Only α actin appeared to be a potential marker of tenderness in the three studied breeds. We focused particularly on different abundances of HSP27 and Troponin T fast isoforms between tenderness groups and according to breed

The effect of nimesulide on oxidative damage inflicted by ischemia–reperfusion on the rat renal tissue

Kurt, Nezahat/0000-0002-1685-5332WOS: 000350554300025PubMed: 25418059The objective of our study is to research biochemically and histopathologically the effect of nimesulide on oxidative damage inflicted by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) on the rat renal tissue. Twenty-four albino Wistar type of male rats were used for the experiment. the animals were divided into groups as: renal ischemia-reperfusion control (RIR), nimesulide + renal ischemia-reperfusion of 50 mg/kg (NRIR-50), nimesulide + renal ischemia-reperfusion of 100 mg/kg (NRIR100), and sham groups (SG). in NRIR-50 and NRIR-100 groups were given nimesulide, and RIR and SG groups were given distilled water, an hour after anesthesia. Groups, except for the SG group, 1-h-ischemia and then 6-h-reperfusion were performed. in the renal tissue of the RIR group in which the malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHGua) levels were measured, the COX-1 and COX-2 activities were recorded. Nimesulide at 100 mg/kg doses reduced the oxidant parameters more significantly than 50 mg/kg doses; on the other hand, it raised the antioxidant parameters. It has been shown that 100 mg/kg doses of nimesulide prevented the renal I/R damage more significantly than a dose of 50 mg/kg, which shows that nimesulide, in clinics, could be used in the prevention of I/R damage