1,243 research outputs found
Comparison of middle school student performance on photograph-based multiple-choice items and text-based multiple-choice items on a state science achievement test
The purpose of this study was to investigate how photograph-based life science multiple-choice items influenced Louisiana science students\u27 performance on statewide standardized tests, in comparison with text-based items about the same content. This mixed methodology research study focused primarily on types of multiple-choice items, specifically five matched pairs of multiple-choice items, text-only and same-text with a photograph. For the 2007 LEAP field test, statistics from 11 multiple-choice items were utilized to characterize student performance on photograph-based multiple-choice items. Data from all Louisiana 8th grade students taking Form 3 (n=1130) and Form 4 (n=1182) were analyzed to compare student performance on each item type. Additional case study research was conducted in two schools. Within each school, one 8th grade class was exposed to the 20-Question Model (Wandersee, 2000) (treatment group); the remaining 8th grade classes were not (control group). Questionnaires were given to all 8th grade students at each school which focused on the student\u27s experience when answering the field test questions with a photograph. In addition four eighth-grade students, who were contrasted on gender and on high or low academic performance, were interviewed and asked to co-construct six concept maps related to six different test items used in the study (four with photographs, two without photographs). The analysis of the quantitative data showed a significant difference on the heron item. There was a moderate positive correlation between achievement level and mean number correct on the photograph-based items (rs=.1536). The data show that students performing at low achievement levels benefited from the photograph-based item. The qualitative data analysis revealed positive student perception when working with photographs during classroom instruction and taking assessments. The student interviews and concept maps with the four students revealed students\u27 conceptions and misconceptions about life science concepts
Communicative Responses to the Painful Self-Disclosures of Familial and Non-Familial Older Adults
Data from 365 college students were used to assess young adults’ communicative responses to older persons’ painful self-disclosures (PSDs). Coupland, Coupland, and Giles (1991) proposed that recipients of PSD may respond to such disclosures via a variety of “next moves.” These responses may broadly be considered to reflect forms of prosocial engagement, passive disengagement, and active disengagement. We investigated whether young adults’ tendency to use certain responses to PSD were influenced by their affective reactions to PSD, their communicative background and characteristics, and the socio-relational context of the encounter in which PSD occurred. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for intergenerational interaction, and interpreted through the lens of communication accommodation theory
Efficient magic state factories with a catalyzed |CCZ> to 2|T> transformation
We present magic state factory constructions for producing
states and states. For the factory we apply the
surface code lattice surgery construction techniques described by Fowler et al.
to the fault-tolerant Toffoli. The resulting factory has a footprint of (where is the code distance) and produces one
every surface code cycles. Our state factory uses the
factory's output and a catalyst state to exactly
transform one state into two states. It has a
footprint 25% smaller than the factory of Fowler et al. but outputs
states twice as quickly. We show how to generalize the catalyzed transformation
to arbitrary phase angles, and note that the case produces
a particularly efficient circuit for producing states.
Compared to using the factory of Fowler
et al., our factory can quintuple the speed of algorithms that
are dominated by the cost of applying Toffoli gates, including Shor's algorithm
and the chemistry algorithm of Babbush et al.. Assuming a physical gate error
rate of , our CCZ factory can produce states on average
before an error occurs. This is sufficient for classically intractable
instantiations of the chemistry algorithm, but for more demanding algorithms
such as Shor's algorithm the mean number of states until failure can be
increased to by increasing the factory footprint ~20%.Comment: 24 pages, 19 figures, 7 ancillary file
Metamorphic Domain-Specific Languages: A Journey Into the Shapes of a Language
External or internal domain-specific languages (DSLs) or (fluent) APIs?
Whoever you are -- a developer or a user of a DSL -- you usually have to choose
your side; you should not! What about metamorphic DSLs that change their shape
according to your needs? We report on our 4-years journey of providing the
"right" support (in the domain of feature modeling), leading us to develop an
external DSL, different shapes of an internal API, and maintain all these
languages. A key insight is that there is no one-size-fits-all solution or no
clear superiority of a solution compared to another. On the contrary, we found
that it does make sense to continue the maintenance of an external and internal
DSL. The vision that we foresee for the future of software languages is their
ability to be self-adaptable to the most appropriate shape (including the
corresponding integrated development environment) according to a particular
usage or task. We call metamorphic DSL such a language, able to change from one
shape to another shape
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