Are geographical indication products fostering public goods? some evidence from Europe

Within the framework of multifunctional conceptualisation, the authors have investigated the level of public goods embedded in Agri-food geographical indication productsPostprint (published version

Effects of pen floor and class of live weight on behavioural and clinical parameters of beef cattle

The study compared behaviour and clinical parameters of beef cattle housed on two different types of floor (fully slatted vs. deep litter) considering animals belonging to 2 live weight classes (less vs. more than 350 kg). The assessment of behavioural and clinical parameters was carried out in 20 intensive farms, all rearing imported bulls. Floor type had no effect on cattle behaviour except for the duration of the lying down sequence, which lasted more for bulls kept on slats. Slatted floor increased also the likelihood of occurrence of hair and skin lesions and lameness. On the other hand, bulls cleanliness was more likely to be impaired on bedded floor. Regarding the class of live weight, behavioural observation showed lighter animals performing more antagonistic interactions, while horning resulted more frequent in heavier bulls. Avoidance distance test indicated that bulls >350 kg were more fearful of humans. About health status, light animals were more affected by respiratory disease and hairless patches, likely because they are more sensitive to the stressful situations imposed by their transfer and adaptation to the new housing environment of the fattening unit. The risk of skin lesions and dirtiness increased instead in heavier bulls

Welfare Assessment: Correlations and Integration between a Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and a Clinical/Health Protocol Applied in Veal Calves Farms

This study is aimed at finding correlations and possible integration among Qualitative Behavioural assessment (QBA) and a specific protocol of clinical/health evaluation. Both welfare assessment methods were based on direct animal observation and were applied in 24 Italian veal calves farms at 3 weeks (wks) of rearing. Principal component analysis (PCA) summarized 20 QBA descriptors on two main components (PC1 and PC2) with eigenvalues above 4 and explaining 29.6 and 20.3% of the variation respectively. PCA on residuals obtained after correcting for housing condition yielded highly similar results, indicating that the rearing environment of the calves was not an important determinant of the observer reliability of QBA. A relationship was found between QBA PC2 and the presence of signs of cross-sucking recorded during the clinical visit (presence PC2=1.11 vs. absence PC2=-1.55,

Effect of the iodine atom position on the phosphorescence of BODIPY derivatives: a combined computational and experimental study

A new BODIPY derivative (o-I-BDP) containing an iodine atom in the ortho position of the meso-linked phenyl group was prepared. Photophysical and electrochemical properties of the molecule were compared to previously reported iodo BODIPY derivatives, as well as to the non-iodinated analog. While in the case of derivatives featuring iodine substituents in the BODIPY core, efficient population of the triplet state is accompanied by a substantial positive shift of the reduction potential compared to pristine BODIPY, o-I-BDP displays phosphorescence and simultaneously maintains the electrochemical properties of unsubstituted BODIPYs. A theoretical investigation was settled to analyze results and rationalize the influence of iodine position on electronic and photophysical properties, with the purpose of preparing a fully organic phosphorescent BODIPY derivative. TD-DFT and spin-orbit coupling calculations shed light on the subtle effects played by the introduction of iodine atom in different positions of BODIPY

SBI is uncommon in the absence of paediatricians' gut feeling and abnormal respiratory pattern

According to the Italian national statistical institute, severe bacterial infections (SBI) in Italy are responsible for 1.7% of mortality under five years of age and their recognition is often challenging, especially in the first stages of the disease. We tried to estimate the prevalence of SBI in our target population and to identify signs and symptoms that could guide in the initial evaluation of a child with a possible SBI

Somatic symptom disorder was common in children and adolescents attending an emergency department complaining of pain

AIM: The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of somatic pain in a paediatric emergency department (ED). METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study using patients admitted to the ED of an Italian children's hospital between December 2014 and February 2015. We enrolled children aged 7-17 who turned up at the ED complaining of pain. Patients and parents were asked to fill in a questionnaire to allow the analysis of the patients' medical history and provide contact details for follow-up. We divided the enrolled patients into four groups: post-traumatic pain, organic pain, functional pain and somatic pain. The questionnaire was used to define pain characteristics and to generate an impairment score. RESULTS: Of the 713 patients who met inclusion criteria, 306 (42.9%) were enrolled in the study. Of these, 135 (44.0%) suffered from post-traumatic pain, 104 (34.0%) from organic pain, 41 (13.4%) from functional pain and 26 (8.6%) from somatic pain. Somatic pain patients had endured pain longer, had missed more school days and had suffered severe functional impairment. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted that somatic pain was a significant contributor to paediatric emergency room visits and should be suspected and diagnosed in children reporting pain

Timeline of diagnosed pain causes in children with severe neurological impairment

Objective: Pain's causes in children with severe cognitive impairment may be challenging to diagnose. This study aimed to investigate if there is a relationship between pain causes and the age of children. Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study in three Italian Pediatric Units. Eligible subjects were patients from 1 to 18 years with severe neurological impairment. We collected data regarding diagnoses, pain causes and medical or surgical procedures. The timing of pain episodes was categorized into age-related periods: infants and toddlers (0-24 months), preschool children (3-5 years), schoolchildren (6-12 years), and adolescents (13-17 years). Results: Eighty children with severe neurological impairment were enrolled. The mean age was 11 years (±5.8). Gastroenterological pain was most common in the first years of life (p = 0.004), while orthopaedic and tooth pain was the most typical in schoolchildren and adolescents (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02). Concerning surgical procedures, PEG placement and gastric fundoplication were significantly more common in the first 5 years of age (p = 0.03), and heart surgery was typical of infants (p = 0.04). Orthopaedic surgery was more commonly reported in older children and adolescents (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Some causes of pain are more frequent in children with severe neurological impairment in defined age-related periods. Specific age-related pain frequencies may help physicians in the diagnostic approach

First-time success with needle procedures was higher with a warm lidocaine and tetracaine patch than an eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine cream

AIM: More than 50% of children report apian during venepuncture or intravenous cannulation and using local anaesthetics before needle procedures can lead to different success rates. This study examined how many needle procedures were successful at the first attempt when children received either a warm lidocaine and tetracaine patch or an eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) cream. METHODS: We conducted this multicentre randomised controlled trial at three tertiary-level children's hospitals in Italy in 2015. Children aged three to 10 years were enrolled in an emergency department, paediatric day hospital and paediatric ward and randomly allocated to receive a warm lidocaine and tetracaine patch or EMLA cream. The primary outcome was the success rate at the first attempt. RESULTS: The analysis included 172 children who received a warm lidocaine and tetracaine patch and 167 who received an EMLA cream. The needle procedure was successful at the first attempt in 158 children (92.4%) who received the warm patch and in 142 children (85.0%) who received the cream (p = 0.03). The pain scores were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the first-time needle procedure success was 7.4% higher in children receiving a warm lidocaine and tetracaine patch than EMLA cream

Light-Induced Access to Carbazole-1,3-dicarbonitrile: A Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent (TADF) Photocatalyst for Cobalt-Mediated Allylations

The stability of a photocatalyst under irradiation is important in photoredox applications. In this work, we investigated the stability of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) photocatalyst {3DPAFIPN [2,4,6-tris(diphenylamino)-5-fluoroisophthalonitrile]}, recently employed in photoredox-mediated processes, discovering that in the absence of quenchers the chromophore is unstable and is efficiently converted by irradiation with visible light into another species based on the carbazole-1,3-dicarbonitrile moiety. The new species obtained is itself a TADF emitter and finds useful applications in photoredox transformations. At the excited state, it is a strong reductant and was efficiently applied to cobalt-mediated allylation of aldehydes, whereas other TADFs (4CzIPN and 3DPAFIPN) failed to promote efficient photocatalytic cycles

Are geographical indication products fostering public goods? Some evidence from Europe

Within the framework of multifunctional conceptualisation, the authors have investigated the level of public goods embedded in Agri-food geographical indication products. Moving from the concept of the local Agri-food system, the generation of public goods are observed both on the value chain and on the territory. Three different dimensions of public goods are considered: Cultural heritage issues, socio-economic themes, and natural resources. To pursue this aim, the FAO-SAFA method is adopted. A single index for the three dimensions is computed in order to provide an easy and quick interpretation of the three dimensions. Preliminary empirical evidence on two cases studies suggests different public goods levels embedded in geographical indications, depending on the dimensions analysed. The method proposed aims to be a simple and effective tool to support good practice for policy makers and indicate fields for intervention where indexes show that improvements could be made.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio