4 research outputs found

    SensibilitĂ© Ă  la rĂ©compense et Ă  la punition chez les individus Ă  risque de dĂ©pendance aux drogues et Ă  l’alcool

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    Affiche prĂ©sentĂ©e dans le cadre du colloque de l'ARC «Favoriser l’accĂšs et le partage par la crĂ©ation d’un observatoire» lors du 86e CongrĂšs de l'Acfas Ă  l' UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă  Chicoutimi (UQAC), les 7 et 8 mai 2018.Une minoritĂ© de consommateurs de drogues et d’alcool dĂ©veloppe un trouble d’utilisation de substances (TUS). Les jeunes dont le niveau de comportements externalisĂ©s (EXT) est supĂ©rieur sont Ă  risque plus Ă©levĂ© de TUS. Cette Ă©tude examine si les individus aux traits EXT Ă©levĂ©s (eEXT), comparĂ©s Ă  des EXT faibles (fEXT), ont une sensibilitĂ© altĂ©rĂ©e aux rĂ©compenses et punitions – par exemple, des Ă©valuations sociales positives. Un total de 72 jeunes adultes (18-20 ans) suivis depuis la naissance ont Ă©tĂ© catĂ©gorisĂ©s comme fEXT (n=37) ou eEXT (n=35) selon leurs donnĂ©es (11-16 ans). Ils ont rempli l’Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), le Baratt Impulsiveness Scale, Sensitivity to Punishment & Reward Questionnaire, et la Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS). Des tests t pour Ă©chantillons indĂ©pendants et des corrĂ©lations de Pearson ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s pour examiner les diffĂ©rences entre les groupes et le lien entre les mesures comportementales. On constate chez les eEXT une sensibilitĂ© accrue aux rĂ©compenses et punitions, une impulsivitĂ© plus Ă©levĂ©e et une consommation significativement supĂ©rieure de cannabis. Au total, la sensibilitĂ© aux rĂ©compenses corrĂšle avec l’AUDIT et la consommation de cannabis. Les individus avec eEXT sont plus sensibles aux rĂ©compenses, ce qui peut contribuer Ă  leur dĂ©veloppement de TUS. Ces rĂ©sultats fournissent des informations importantes pour le dĂ©veloppement de stratĂ©gies d’intervention prĂ©coces, la prĂ©vention et le traitement des TUS

    Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

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    BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

    Groupe chirurgie

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