Optical basicity: a scale of acidity/basicity of solids and its application to oxidation catalysis.

This chapter aims to summarize most of the previous findings using the optical basicity scale. First, the concepts of optical basicity and of ionic-covalent parameter are recalled and some examples given. Then, the choice of ionization potential as a means to account for a thermodn. selectivity is justified. The linear correlations obtained when plotting differences in ionization potential (DI) against the optical basicity are then discussed. Finally, the thermodn. nature of optical basicity is discussed and attempts to account for the linearity of correlations between DI and optical basicity are proposed

Discrete and Effortful Imagined Movements Do Not Specifically Activate the Autonomic Nervous System

International audienceBACKGROUND: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is activated in parallel with the motor system during cyclical and effortful imagined actions. However, it is not clear whether the ANS is activated during motor imagery of discrete movements and whether this activation is specific to the movement being imagined. Here, we explored these topics by studying the baroreflex control of the cardiovascular system. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded in ten subjects who executed or imagined trunk or leg movements against gravity. Trunk and leg movements result in different physiological reactions (orthostatic hypotension phenomenon) when they are executed. Interestingly, ANS activation significantly, but similarly, increased during imagined trunk and leg movements. Furthermore, we did not observe any physiological modulation during a control mental-arithmetic task or during motor imagery of effortless movements (horizontal wrist displacements). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We concluded that ANS activation during motor imagery is general and not specific and physiologically prepares the organism for the upcoming effortful action

La doctrine des catégories et les conditions de la description phénoménologique dans la première philosophie de Husserl

Ce travail se propose d interroger les racines de la phénoménologie husserlienne en tentant de reconstruire, sur un mode à la fois historique et systématique, le dispositif qui avait permis à Husserl de poser, dans le texte fondateur de la phénoménologie les Recherches Logiques de 1901 les conditions d une philosophie rigoureusement descriptive. La description phénoménologique se déploie sur le fond d une opposition entre deux modalités intentionnelles fondamentalement distinctes et qui doivent toutes les deux être mises à contribution dans l activité descriptive : l intuition d un côté, et la signification de l autre. Décrire, au sens large, suppose qu un certain accord puisse être établi entre le discours et la perception dont il prétend rendre compte, entre le dire et le voir. Or, c est à l intuition catégoriale qu il reviendra de prendre en charge cette tension entre signification et intuition que Husserl maintient tout au long des Recherches, en organisant les modalités d une mise en adéquation de l une et de l autre. Telle est la raison pour laquelle l intuition catégoriale joue un rôle si décisif dans l architecture d ensemble de ce texte : elle ne constitue pas seulement la pointe extrême de la description phénoménologique, mais elle en est en quelque sorte aussi la condition de possibilité, devant garantir la légitimité du discours philosophique à l intérieur duquel elle se déploie. Il était ainsi possible de proposer une relecture d ensemble des Recherches Logiques en suivant l hypothèse selon laquelle la réforme husserlienne de la théorie des catégories devait fournir la clé d intelligibilité et rendre compte de la spécificité de ce premier état de la phénoménologie.The purpose of this work is to investigate the roots of phenomenology and to analyse, from a historical and systematic point of view, the reasons that enabled Husserl to set down in his Logical Investigations the conditions of a strictly descriptive philosophy. The phenomenological description is grounded upon the opposition between two fundamentally different modalities of intentionality that both take part in descriptive activity: intuition on the one hand and signification on the other. Describing presupposes the possibility of a certain kind of adequacy between our speech and our perception, as the former is expected to correspond to the latter. By making this adequacy possible, categorial intuition has to bear this tension between signification and intuition, and this is precisely the reason why this analysis of categories is so decisive in the architecture of the Logical Investigations. Categorial intuition not only defines the end of phenomenological description, it is the condition of its own possibility, and is expected to validate our descriptive statements. And so it was possible to propose a new reading of the Logical Investigations by examining Husserl s reform of the theory of categories and its relation to his phenomenological method of description.PARIS4-Bib. électronique (751059905) / SudocSudocFranceF

Bank of Digital Filters for Identification of Combined Drug Products in a French Public Database

International audienceDrugs information systems, prescription support softwares, and drug decision support systems need to reason on drug properties. Combined pharmaceutical products need to be considered specifically because they may require a specific processing. Hence, they also need to be identified to automate the population of databases with up-to-date property values. We defined a set of digital filters designed for the identification of antibiotics in a public database. Four different filters are proposed, to be combined to extract the relevant information. Evaluation was conducted to combine filters and retrieve information about rand combined antibiotics with success. However, information provided in the structured files of the French drug database is limited; information provided in the HTML files suffers from a lack of quality. Hence, reuse of this data and this information should be performed very cautiously

Tetrafluorinated versus hydrogenated azobenzene polymers in water: Access to visible-ligh stimulus at the expense of responsiveness

International audienc

La réception de la philosophie allemande en France aux XIXe et XXe siècles

La philosophie allemande a toujours eu en France une réelle influence. Toutefois, celle-ci a varié en intensité selon les époques et s’est exercée parfois avec un décalage important, mais elle a pu aussi se manifester dans des dimensions de la culture en général moins connues du public philosophique. Un colloque international, tenu à Lille en 1991 dans le cadre des accords entre les universités de Halle et de Lille et organisé par le Centre Éric Weil, s’est donné pour objet d’approfondir ce thème en retenant trois grandes périodes, le début du xixe siècle, la fin du xixe et le début du xxe, la période contemporaine. Ce volume rassemble les contributions, de façon interdisciplinaire, d’éminents spécialistes, étrangers et français, de la culture allemande. Ces études analysent la manière dont la pensée allemande, sur une durée de deux siècles, a été approchée, assimilée, interprétée. Elles présentent différentes facettes d’une réception souvent positive, parfois négative et examinent comment se sont effectuées, de la lente prise de contact des Idéologues avec une pensée, celle de Kant, qu’ils étaient peu préparés à comprendre jusqu’à l’irruption de Heidegger dans le contexte français, différentes modalités de ce rapport, du simple contact à une véritable réappropriation

A pan‐genomic approach reveals novel Sulfurimonas clade in the ferruginous meromictic Lake Pavin

International audienceThe permanently anoxic waters in meromictic lakes create suitable niches for the growth of bacteria using sulphur metabolisms like sulphur oxidation. In Lake Pavin, the anoxic water mass hosts an active cryptic sulphur cycle that interacts narrowly with iron cycling, however the metabolisms of the microorganisms involved are poorly known. Here we combined metagenomics, single‐cell genomics, and pan‐genomics to further expand our understanding of the bacteria and the corresponding metabolisms involved in sulphur oxidation in this ferruginous sulphide‐ and sulphate‐poor meromictic lake. We highlighted two new species within the genus Sulfurimonas that belong to a novel clade of chemotrophic sulphur oxidisers exclusive to freshwaters. We moreover conclude that this genus holds a key‐role not only in limiting sulphide accumulation in the upper part of the anoxic layer but also constraining carbon, phosphate and iron cycling

Association of REL polymorphisms and outcome of patients with septic shock

International audienceBackground: cRel, a subunit of NF‑κB, is implicated in the inflammatory response observed in autoimmune disease. Hence, knocked‑out mice for cRel had a significantly higher mortality, providing new and important functions of cRel in the physiopathology of septic shock. Whether genetic variants in the human REL gene are associated with severity of septic shock is unknown. Methods: We genotyped a population of 1040 ICU patients with septic shock and 855 ICU controls for two known polymorphisms of REL; REL rs842647 and REL rs13031237. Outcome of patients according to the presence of REL variant alleles was compared. Results: The distribution of REL variant alleles was not significantly different between patients and controls. Among the septic shock group, REL rs13031237*T minor allele was not associated with worse outcome. In contrast, REL rs842647*G minor allele was significantly associated with more multi‑organ failure and early death [OR 1.4; 95 % CI (1.02–1.8)]. Conclusion: In a large ICU population, we report a significant clinical association between a variation in the human REL gene and severity and mortality of septic shock, suggesting for the first time a new insight into the role of cRel in response to infection in humans

Photoswitchable assembly of long-lived azobenzenes in water using visible light

International audienceHypothesis: Switchable assemblies relevant for bio-applications may be accessed from water-soluble tetra-ortho-substituted azobenzenes that reversibly self-assemble and form complexes with β-cyclodextrin under visible light. Experiments: Two azobenzenes bearing either four fluorines or two chlorines and two fluorines in the ortho positions were synthesised with short poly(ethylene oxide) tails for water solubility. Photophysical properties were determined by UV–vis and 1H NMR spectroscopies, complexation with β-cyclodextrin was assessed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and self-assembly in water was investigated by static and dynamic light scattering. Findings: Both molecules underwent trans–cis isomerization at 530 nm and cis–trans isomerization at 415 nm, with the cis forms exhibiting thermal half-lives > 300 days at room temperature. Both molecules formed inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin in water, with cis-4F-AZO-PEO binding 3-fold stronger than trans, and 2Cl2F-AZO-PEO binding significantly weaker. Self-assembly of pure 2Cl2F-AZO-PEO in water showed an open association process regardless of configuration, while 4F-AZO-PEO showed an open association process for cis (Nagg increasing from 30 to 1000) but a closed association process for trans (Nagg stable at ∼ 170). Aqueous solutions of 2Cl2F-AZO-PEO showed cloud points close to 45 °C, while the 4F-AZO-PEO isomers presented well-separated cloud points allowing reversible and all-visible transition between clear and turbid states at room temperature