Progetto "Acque pulite"

Abstract not availableLe aree montane, soprattutto in territori ricchi di acqua come quello del Verbano Cusio Ossola e del bacino del Lago Maggiore, sono da sempre oggetto di utilizzo per la produzione di energia elettrica da fonti rinnovabili, principalmente attraverso impianti idroelettrici. Il giusto equilibrio tra il mantenimento della qualit? ecologica degli ecosistemi torrentizi e la produzione di energia elettrica da fonti rinnovabili non ? di facile attuazione, soprattutto in assenza di studi e sperimentazioni dedicate. Lo sfruttamento delle acque a scopo idroelettrico pu? determinare l\u27alterazione e, a volte, la perdita di habitat, causando una riduzione della biodiversit?, con effetti negativi maggiori sui taxa pi? sensibili (ad esempio macroinvertebrati e fauna ittica), causando contestualmente, il degrado della qualit? ecologica di parte o addirittura dell\u27intero corso d\u27acqua a seconda delle tipologie di prelievo/i a cui ? stato sottoposto. Diventa quindi importante, nel contesto locale, ma anche nazionale e internazionale, dove le energie rinnovabili sono un punto focale per la futura produzione di energia, trovare il giusto equilibrio tra la qualit? ecologica degli ecosistemi, e la richiesta di energia pulita e di sviluppo economico. E\u27 proprio in questo contesto che nasce l\u27idea del Progetto "Acque Pulite", che grazie alla disponibilit? e al finanziamento di IDROENERGY S.r.l. ha visto la realizzazione di uno studio pilota sul Torrente San Giovanni. Il Torrente San Giovanni ? uno dei principali immissari del Lago Maggiore e per tale motivo risulta importante conoscere la sua qualit? ecologica e gli effetti su di essa delle diverse attivit? umane che insistono all\u27interno del suo bacino. In particolare, con il Progetto "Acque Pulite" si sono voluti verificare gli effetti della presenza di un\u27opera di presa e di una traversa, costruite per scopo idroelettrico, sulla qualit? idro-morfologica, chimica e biologica dei tratti di torrente a monte e a valle di tali opere

Psychological treatments and psychotherapies in the neurorehabilitation of pain. Evidences and recommendations from the italian consensus conference on pain in neurorehabilitation

BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognized that treating pain is crucial for effective care within neurological rehabilitation in the setting of the neurological rehabilitation. The Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation was constituted with the purpose identifying best practices for us in this context. Along with drug therapies and physical interventions, psychological treatments have been proven to be some of the most valuable tools that can be used within a multidisciplinary approach for fostering a reduction in pain intensity. However, there is a need to elucidate what forms of psychotherapy could be effectively matched with the specific pathologies that are typically addressed by neurorehabilitation teams. OBJECTIVES: To extensively assess the available evidence which supports the use of psychological therapies for pain reduction in neurological diseases. METHODS: A systematic review of the studies evaluating the effect of psychotherapies on pain intensity in neurological disorders was performed through an electronic search using PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Based on the level of evidence of the included studies, recommendations were outlined separately for the different conditions. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 2352 results and the final database included 400 articles. The overall strength of the recommendations was medium/low. The different forms of psychological interventions, including Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, cognitive or behavioral techniques, Mindfulness, hypnosis, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Brief Interpersonal Therapy, virtual reality interventions, various forms of biofeedback and mirror therapy were found to be effective for pain reduction in pathologies such as musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Central Post-Stroke pain, Phantom Limb Pain, pain secondary to Spinal Cord Injury, multiple sclerosis and other debilitating syndromes, diabetic neuropathy, Medically Unexplained Symptoms, migraine and headache. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological interventions and psychotherapies are safe and effective treatments that can be used within an integrated approach for patients undergoing neurological rehabilitation for pain. The different interventions can be specifically selected depending on the disease being treated. A table of evidence and recommendations from the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation is also provided in the final part of the pape

What is the role of the placebo effect for pain relief in neurorehabilitation? Clinical implications from the Italian consensus conference on pain in neurorehabilitation

Background: It is increasingly acknowledged that the outcomes of medical treatments are influenced by the context of the clinical encounter through the mechanisms of the placebo effect. The phenomenon of placebo analgesia might be exploited to maximize the efficacy of neurorehabilitation treatments. Since its intensity varies across neurological disorders, the Italian Consensus Conference on Pain in Neurorehabilitation (ICCP) summarized the studies on this field to provide guidance on its use. Methods: A review of the existing reviews and meta-analyses was performed to assess the magnitude of the placebo effect in disorders that may undergo neurorehabilitation treatment. The search was performed on Pubmed using placebo, pain, and the names of neurological disorders as keywords. Methodological quality was assessed using a pre-existing checklist. Data about the magnitude of the placebo effect were extracted from the included reviews and were commented in a narrative form. Results: 11 articles were included in this review. Placebo treatments showed weak effects in central neuropathic pain (pain reduction from 0.44 to 0.66 on a 0-10 scale) and moderate effects in postherpetic neuralgia (1.16), in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (1.45), and in pain associated to HIV (1.82). Moderate effects were also found on pain due to fibromyalgia and migraine; only weak short-term effects were found in complex regional pain syndrome. Confounding variables might have influenced these results. Clinical implications: These estimates should be interpreted with caution, but underscore that the placebo effect can be exploited in neurorehabilitation programs. It is not necessary to conceal its use from the patient. Knowledge of placebo mechanisms can be used to shape the doctor-patient relationship, to reduce the use of analgesic drugs and to train the patient to become an active agent of the therapy

Cibo sacro. Ritualità nella Grotta dei Cocci di Narni (TR), i livelli con ceramica a fasce brune del Neolitico antico

La Grotta dei Cocci di Narni (TR-Umbria) è situata di fronte alla città sulla sponda destra del Nera. Conosciuta da oltre 50 anni, è stata oggetto di scavo tra il 1989 e il 2001. Gli scavi hanno messo in luce strutture verosimilmente legate a riti o culti risalenti alla metà del VI millennio. I materiali fttili più antichi sono ricollegabili alla facies della ceramica a fasce. In Umbria questa era nota da alcuni decenni nella grotta de “I Pozzi della Piana” di Titignano (Orvieto)

Tra la foresta e il lago. Il sito all'aperto dell’Epigravettiano recente di Arco via Serafini (Trento, Italia settentrionale)

The open-air multi-layered site of Arco Via Serafini (Trento, Northern Italy), is situated in the flood plain of the River Sarca (80 m a.s.l.).The stratigraphic sequence allowed documentation of two phases of Late Epigravettian occupation with 14 structured areas in the context of the Younger Dryas

La civilt\ue0 del latte. Fonti, simboli e prodotti dal Tardoantico al Novecento

Attraverso un percorso interdisciplinare si pubblicano gli atti del convegno nazionale del 2008 svoltosi a Brescia sul latte e i suoi derivati dall'et\ue0 antica al Novecento; un corredo di indici aiuta la consultazione e l'uso multidisciplinare del volumeThe proceedings of the national convention of 2008, in Brescia, about milk and dairy products, are published: the study shows a research, characterized by an interdisciplinary way, from ancient times to the twentieth century: a set of indices also helps the reading and the multidisciplinary stud