N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones in Diverse Pectobacterium and Dickeya Plant Pathogens: Diversity, Abundance, and Involvement in Virulence

Soft-rot bacteria Pectobacterium and Dickeya use N-acyl homoserine lactones (NAHSLs) as diffusible signals for coordinating quorum sensing communication. The production of NAHSLs was investigated in a set of reference strains and recently-collected isolates, which belong to six species and share the ability to infect the potato host plant. All the pathogens produced different NAHSLs, among which the 3-oxo-hexanoyl- and the 3-oxo-octanoyl-l-homoserine lactones represent at least 90% of total produced NAHSL-amounts. The level of NAHSLs varied from 0.6 to 2 pg/cfu. The involvement of NAHSLs in tuber maceration was investigated by electroporating a quorum quenching vector in each of the bacterial pathogen strains. All the NAHSL-lactonase expressing strains produced a lower amount of NAHSLs as compared to those harboring the empty vector. Moreover, all except Dickeya dadantii 3937 induced a lower level of symptoms in potato tuber assay. Noticeably, aggressiveness appeared to be independent of both nature and amount of produced signals. This work highlights that quorum sensing similarly contributed to virulence in most of the tested Pectobacterium and Dickeya, even the strains had been isolated recently or during the past decades. Thus, these key regulatory-molecules appear as credible targets for developing anti-virulence strategies against these plant pathogens

Traitement chirurgical coelioscopique de la pubalgie du sportif (série prospective à propos de 27 patients)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Développement de méthodes analytiques et de banques de données appliquées au contrôle de la naturalité des miels monofloraux

La fraude a envahi le monde apicole depuis l'arrivée sur le marché de sirops de sucre de compositions voisines des miels donc difficilement détectables. Des méthodes officielles de contrôles existent, basées sur l'analyse isotopique, mais sont facilement contournables. Après avoir constaté le manque de fiabilité et les limites des techniques isotopiques, de nouveaux paramètres physico-chimiques ont été exploités pour deux objectifs - certifier l'appellation d'un miel - contrer l'adultération. L'analyse de l'acide gluconique et des acides aminés permet de diffe rencier certaines variétés. Ces deux méthodes, à cause de la variabilité des teneurs rencontrées dans les miels naturels, sont peu applicables à la lutte contre l'adultération. L'analyse des glucides permet de caractériser certaines variétés et de détecter l'adultération dès 5% d'ajout de sirop, à l'aide de marqueurs spécifiques. La certification d'une appellation est réalisée avec plusieurs paramètres : sucres, acides aminés.LYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Separation of three strains of polio virus by capillary zone electrophoresis and study of their interaction with aluminum oxyhydroxide

International audienceThe development of combination vaccines is essential to reduce the number of injections, shorten vaccination schedules and increase vaccination coverage. Vaccine adjuvants are used to modulate and enhance the immune response induced by the antigens. To support the development of combination vaccines, the study of antigen-adjuvant interactions in the final vaccine formulations is required as interaction competitions may take place between the different antigens. In the present work, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) methodology was firstly optimized on six model proteins, namely bovine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin, myoglobin, ribonuclease A, cytochrome C and lysozyme. A cationic dynamic coating (polybrene) and a zwitterionic amino acid additive (β-alanine) in the background electrolyte were used to reduce the phenomena of protein adsorption on the inner wall of the capillary and thus optimize the separation efficiency of the proteins. The developed methodology was then used to separate three strains from inactivated polio virus, each strain being a whole virus composed of copies of 4 viral proteins and study their interaction with aluminum oxyhydroxide. The antigen-adjuvant interactions could be modulated by addition of phosphate ions playing the role of competitors for the poliovirus

Study of interactions between antigens and polymeric adjuvants in vaccines by frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis

International audienceVaccine adjuvants are used to enhance the immune response induced by antigens that have insufficient immunostimulatory capabilities. The present work aims at developing a frontal analysis continuous capillary electrophoresis (FACCE) methodology for the study of antigen–adjuvant interactions in vaccine products. After method optimization using three cationic model proteins, namely lysozyme, cytochrome c, and ribonuclease A, FACCE was successfully implemented to quantify the free antigen and thus to determine the interaction parameters (stoichiometry and binding constant) between an anionic polymeric adjuvant (polyacrylic acid, SPA09) and a cationic vaccine antigen in development for the treatment for Staphylococcus aureus. The influence of the ionic strength of the medium on the interactions was investigated. A strong dependence of the binding parameters with the ionic strength was observed. The concentration of the polymeric adjuvant was also found to significantly modify the ionic strength of the formulation, the extent of which could be estimated and corrected

Emergence of Lipid Droplets in the Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Responses

Cancer shares common risk factors with cardiovascular diseases such as dyslipidemia, obesity and inflammation. In both cases, dysregulations of lipid metabolism occur, and lipid vesicles emerge as important factors that can influence carcinogenesis. In this review, the role of different lipids known to be involved in cancer and its response to treatments is detailed. In particular, lipid droplets (LDs), initially described for their role in lipid storage, exert multiple functions, from the physiological prevention of LD coalescence and regulation of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis to pathological involvement in tumor progression and aggressiveness. Analysis of LDs highlights the importance of phosphatidylcholine metabolism and the diversity of lipid synthesis enzymes. In many cancers, the phosphatidylcholine pathways are disrupted, modifying the expression of genes coding for metabolic enzymes. Tumor microenvironment conditions, such as hypoxia, different types of stress or inflammatory conditions, are also important determinants of LD behavior in cancer cells. Therefore, LDs represent therapeutic targets in cancer, and many lipid mediators have emerged as potential biomarkers for cancer onset, progression, and/or resistance

Acute Urinary Retention and Urinary Tract Infection after Short-Course Urinary Drainage in Colon or High Rectum Anastomoses: Post Hoc Analysis of a Multicentre Prospective Database from the GRACE Group.

International audienceAIM: The aim was to define the risk factors for acute urinary retention (AUR) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in colon or high rectum anastomosis patients based on the absence of a urinary catheter (UC) or the early removal of the UC (24\,h (43.1%) and 97 were excluded because the management of UC was unknown (1%). Among the 5244 colon or high rectum anastomoses patients included, AUR occurred in 5.2% and UTI occurred in 0.7%. UCs were in place for <24\,h in 2765 patients (52.7%) and 2479 did not have UCs in place (47.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that management of the UC was not significantly associated with the occurrence of AUR and that risk factors for AUR were male gender, ≥q65\,years old, having an American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥q3 and receiving epidural analgesia. Conversely, being of male gender was a protective factor of UTI, while being ≥q65\,years old, having open surgery and receiving epidural analgesia were risk factors for UTIs. The management of the UC was not significantly associated with the occurrence of UTIs but the occurrence of AUR was a more significant risk factor for UTIs. CONCLUSION: UCs in place for <24\,h did not reduce the occurrence of AUR or UTI compared to the absence of UCs

Correction to: Postoperative ileus concealing intra-abdominal complications in enhanced recovery programs—a retrospective analysis of the GRACE database

International audienceWhen the original article was first published the given name and family names of Francophone Group for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (GRACE) individually cited within the author list were inadvertently interchanged. The author list are correctly cited in this Correction

Bees and systemic insecticides (imidacloprid, fipronil) in pollen: subnano-quantification by HPLC/MS/MS and GC/MS

International audienceImidacloprid and fipronil are two insecticides acting on the central nervous system. They are used worldwide, from the mid nineties, especially for seed coating of crops. Concomitantly to their introduction and their increasing use in French fields, honeybee populations decreased. Bee problems are nowadays reported in other countries (also called disappearing disease, desplobación de las colmenas, trouble des abeilles, deperimento degli apiari or colony collapse disorder). Bee problems have certainly several origins. Contamination of pollen and nectar by such chemicals appeared as one of the most probable cause, since subletal effects and chronic intoxications were observed on bees, at very low concentrations. We developed fully validated methods to measure contamination in pollen (sunflower and maize) for imidacloprid (HPLC/MS/MS) and for fipronil and 3 of its derivatives (GC/MS). For imidacloprid LOD and LOQ are 0.3 and 1 ng/g, respectively. For fipronil and each derivative (fiprole), LOD and LOQ are 0.07 and 0.2 ng/g, respectively. The averaged level of imidacloprid in pollen was 2-3 ng/g, which is 20-30 times higher than the concentration inducing significant mortality by chronic intoxication. Fiproles were detected in 48% of pollens issuing from treated crops. Fipronil and its sulfone derivative represented 77% and 17% of contaminants, respectively. The averaged fiprole sum Σf was 0.3 - 0.4 ng/g, which is 30-40 times higher than the concentration inducing significant mortality of bees by chronic intoxication

Prise en charge des traumatismes fermes de l'abdomen chez l'enfant

Introduction : Le but de ce travail etait d'etudier de facon retrospective la prise en charge diagnostique et therapeutique des enfants victimes d'un traumatisme ferme (TAF). Materiel et methode : Sur une periode de 6 ans, 92 enfants ont ete hospitalises pour un TAF. La moyenne d'age etait de 9.5 ans et ces traumatismes concernaient un garcon dans 61.9% des cas. Les circonstances de l'accident ont ete principalement les chutes (45.6%) et les accidents de la voie publique (43.5%). Le bilan paraclinique initial comprenait un cliche d'abdomen sans preparation (ASP), une echographie abdominale le plus souvent, et, parfois, un examen tomodensitometrique (TDM). Le traitement etait de principe non operatoire, sauf en cas d'instabilite hemodynamique ou de perforation d'organe creux. Resultats : Sur 92 TAF, 52 etaient associes a une ou plusieurs lesions viscerales intra abdominales. Le diagnostic initial precis des lesions a ete possible dans 21 cas sur 40 (52.5%) grace au cliche d'ASP une fois, a l'echographie abdominale 17 fois, a l'examen TDM 2 fois et a la laparotomie en urgence une fois. Dix neuf enfants sur 40 (47.5%) ont eu un retard diagnostique de 1 a 7 jours. Les examens qui ont permis de faire le diagnostic a distance sont l'echographie abdominale dans 9 cas, l'examen TDM dans 5 cas mais aussi les examens biologiques (transaminases et amylases) dans 2 cas et une intervention chirurgicale dans 3 cas. Vingt neuf enfants ont beneficie d'un traitement conservateur non operatoire avec une duree d'hospitalisation de 12.7 jours en moyenne. Trois enfants ont ete operes en urgence (2 perforations intestinales et 1 splenorraphie)et 8 enfants de maniere differee (4 lesions renales, une lesion splenique, une lesion pancreatique et une lesion duodenale). Seulement 7 enfants sur 40 (17.5%) ont necessite une transfusion sanguine. Aucun deces n'est a deplorer. Conclusion : Dans le cadre d'un service d'urgence, le diagnostic de lesion viscerale intra abdominale repose sur un ensemble d'arguments, a la fois cliniques, biologiques et radiologiques. L'echographie apparaît suffisamment sensible pour detecter un epanchement peritoneal et ou une lesion viscerale associee, sans augmenter la morbidite et la mortalite en cas de lesion passee inapercue. Au moindre doute, il ne faut pas hesiter a la recontroler ou a prescrire un examen TDM dont la sensibilite semble superieure. L'intervention chirurgicale en urgence est a reserver aux enfants presentant une instabilite hemodynamique ou une perforation d'organe creux et finalement, une grande majorite des enfants pourra beneficier d'un traitement conservateur non operatoire.ST ETIENNE-BU Médecine (422182102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF