OpenAlea 2.0: Architecture of an integrated modeling environment on the web

International audiencePlant modeling is based on the use of a diverse set of design paradigms (L-systems, visual programming, imperative languages or sketch-based interfaces). In this poster, the architecture of a new multi-paradigm and integrated modeling environment is presented. This desktop application will become a distributed web application, allowing to run simulations on a cloud computing system and share virtual experiments on the web. The modeling environment will run on a web browser using HTML5 and WebGL technologies

The Logarithmic Sobolev Constant of The Lamplighter

We give estimates on the logarithmic Sobolev constant of some finite lamplighter graphs in terms of the spectral gap of the underlying base. Also, we give examples of application

Type-3 Secretion System-induced pyroptosis protects Pseudomonas against cell-autonomous immunity

Inflammasome-induced pyroptosis comprises a key cell-autonomous immune process against intracellular bacteria, namely the generation of dying cell structures. These so-called pore-induced intracellular traps (PITs) entrap and weaken intracellular microbes. However, the immune importance of pyroptosis against extracellular pathogens remains unclear. Here, we report that Type-3 secretion system (T3SS)-expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) escaped PIT immunity by inducing a NLRC4 inflammasome-dependent macrophage pyroptosis response in the extracellular environment. To the contrary, phagocytosis of Salmonella Typhimurium promoted NLRC4-dependent PIT formation and the subsequent bacterial caging. Remarkably, T3SS-deficient Pseudomonas were efficiently sequestered within PIT-dependent caging, which favored exposure to neutrophils. Conversely, both NLRC4 and caspase-11 deficient mice presented increased susceptibility to T3SS-deficient P. aeruginosa challenge, but not to T3SS-expressing P. aeruginosa. Overall, our results uncovered that P. aeruginosa uses its T3SS to overcome inflammasome-triggered pyroptosis, which is primarily effective against intracellular invaders. Importance Although innate immune components confer host protection against infections, the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) exploits the inflammatory reaction to thrive. Specifically the NLRC4 inflammasome, a crucial immune complex, triggers an Interleukin (IL)-1β and -18 deleterious host response to P. aeruginosa . Here, we provide evidence that, in addition to IL-1 cytokines, P. aeruginosa also exploits the NLRC4 inflammasome-induced pro-inflammatory cell death, namely pyroptosis, to avoid efficient uptake and killing by macrophages. Therefore, our study reveals that pyroptosis-driven immune effectiveness mainly depends on P. aeruginosa localization. This paves the way toward our comprehension of the mechanistic requirements for pyroptosis effectiveness upon microbial infections and may initiate targeted approaches in order to ameliorate the innate immune functions to infections. Graphical abstract Macrophages infected with T3SS-expressing P. aeruginosa die in a NLRC4-dependent manner, which allows bacterial escape from PIT-mediated cell-autonomous immunity and neutrophil efferocytosis. However, T3SS-deficient P. aeruginosa is detected by both NLRC4 and caspase-11 inflammasomes, which promotes bacterial trapping and subsequent efferocytosis of P. aeruginosa -containing-PITs by neutrophils

Deep-learning predicted PET can be subtracted from the true clinical fluorodeoxyglucose PET co-registered to MRI to identify the epileptogenic zone in focal epilepsy

Objective Normal interictal [18F]FDG-PET can be predicted from the corresponding T1w MRI with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). A technique we call SIPCOM (Subtraction Interictal PET Co-registered to MRI) can then be used to compare epilepsy patients' predicted and clinical PET. We assessed the ability of SIPCOM to identify the Resection Zone (RZ) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) with reference to visual and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis. Methods Patients with complete presurgical work-up and subsequent SEEG and cortectomy were included. RZ localisation, the reference region, was assigned to one of eighteen anatomical brain regions. SIPCOM was implemented using healthy controls to train a GAN. To compare, the clinical PET coregistered to MRI was visually assessed by two trained readers, and a standard SPM analysis was performed. Results Twenty patients aged 17-50 (32 ± 7.8) years were included, 14 (70%) with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Eight (40%) were MRI-negative. After surgery, 14 patients (70%) had a good outcome (Engel I-II). RZ localisation rate was 60% with SIPCOM vs 35% using SPM (P = 0.015) and vs 85% using visual analysis (P = 0.54). Results were similar for Engel I-II patients, the RZ localisation rate was 64% with SIPCOM vs 36% with SPM. With SIPCOM localisation was correct in 67% in MRI-positive vs 50% in MRI-negative patients, and 64% in TLE vs 43% in extra-TLE. The average number of false-positive clusters was 2.2 ± 1.3 using SIPCOM vs 2.3 ± 3.1 using SPM. All RZs localized with SPM were correctly localized with SIPCOM. In one case, PET and MRI were visually reported as negative, but both SIPCOM and SPM localized the RZ. Significance SIPCOM performed better than the reference computer-assisted method (SPM) for RZ detection in a group of operated DRE patients. SIPCOM's impact on epilepsy management needs to be prospectively validated. Key points AI can predict PET from T1w magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] with good accuracy. Subtraction of the clinical from the predicted PET (SIPCOM) in analogy to SISCOM. SIPCOM performed better than SPM to localize the resection zone in [18F]FDG-PET. SIPCOM performance advantages were relatively similar in each sub-group (MRI positive/negative patients, temporal lobe epilepsy [TLE] vs extra-TLE patients). Visual analysis performed better than SIPCOM except in one case

Proceedings of Patient Reported Outcome Measure’s (PROMs) Conference Oxford 2017: Advances in Patient Reported Outcomes Research

A33-Effects of Out-of-Pocket (OOP) Payments and Financial Distress on Quality of Life (QoL) of People with Parkinson’s (PwP) and their Carer

Evaluation de la filière AVC au sein du service Urgence / SAMU du centre hospitalier Emile Roux du Puy-en-Velay

Les accidents vasculaires cérébraux constituent un problème de santé publique majeur car le pronostic de cette pathologie reste dramatique. Des traitements spécifiques existent mais ils sont insuffisamment utilisés en raison de délais de prise en charge souvent trop longs. A travers ce travail nous avons tenté d'étudier le fonctionnement de la filière AVC au sein du Centre Hospitalier du Puy-en-Velay. Notre étude observationnelle rétrospective, d'une durée de 6 mois, avait pour but de déterminer les points de faiblesse de cette filière. Ce travail nous a permis de mettre en évidence des délais encore trop longs avec un nombre extrêmement faible de thrombolyses à l'heure actuelle. Nous avons pu dégager des axes d'amélioration et ainsi proposer des actions à réaliser au sein de cet établissement : protocole de prise en charge multidisciplinaire impliquant tous les acteurs de la prise en charge de l'AVC et information de la population locale notamment. La mise en place du réseau de télémédecine par la société auvergnate de médecine d'urgence sera aussi una avancée majeure dans l'amélioration des prises en charge. Le but de ce travail est de pouvoir améliorer, dans l'avenir, les délais de prise en charge de l'accident vasculaire cérébral et le nombre de thrombolyses dans le centre hospitalier du Puy-en-Velay, espérant ainsi un meilleur pronostic pour les patients victimes de cette pathologie.CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Guide d'identification : les diatomées benthiques des cours d'eau de Nouvelle-Calédonie vol.2

Benthic diatoms have long been considered as an interesting compartment for monitoring aquatic environments quality. Then, within the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), adopted since 10/23/2000, they are identified as one of the key biological quality elements, making it possible to assess the ecological status of different categories of aquatic environments, including rivers from continental Europe and certain overseas territories. Because of its legal status, New Caledonia is not really part of the European Union and WFD has no legal vocation for application there. However, integrated and sustainable management of water resources is an important concern for local authorities and managers. In order to complete the ecological information already provided on watercourses by 2 biological indices based on benthic invertebrates (the Biotic Index of New Caledonia or IBNC, developed since 1999, and the recent Bio-Sedimentary Index or IBS), on the initiative of the OEIL and with the support of DAVAR and CNRT, a Research & Development Program aiming at the development of a new diatomic index has been implemented under responsibility of the Asconit-Irstea consortium, assisted by the local private consultant Bioeko. Carried out between October 2012 and 2017, this program enabled the acquisition of 210 complete surveys coupling diatomic inventories and physico-chemical conditions at the station, collected during 4 sampling campaigns covering the 2 main climatic seasons. At the toltal, 466 different taxa could be inventoried, many of which being previously poorly known or even unknown.Function of the quantity of ecological information capitalized, 217 sufficiently encountered freshwater taxa participate in the calculation of the new IDNC. Many of them do not provide specific information on the level of anthropogenic alteration of the river (Taxons +). Other taxa with a distribution clearly favored by anthropogenic pressure gradients were selected using the TITAN software, and constitute alert taxa (Taxa -). Specific lists of alert taxa have thus been identified with respect to 7 different anthropogenic gradients.This iconographic guide is intended to allow the reliable identification of the IDNC's taxa (i.e. taxa really participating in the calculation of the index score). Some marine taxa identified during the study are also illustrated. It is useful to recognize them: indeed, their identification in more than marginal numbers in a given sample would be a sign of a coastal influence exerted at the level of the sampled site (transition zone), such a situation getting outside the validity domain of IDNC.This identification guide consists of 2 volumes: Volume 1 describes each index taxon individually. Volume 2 (i.e. this document) compiles illustrations of morphologically-close taxa in order to be able to compare them and facilitate their routine identification.Les diatomées benthiques sont considérées de longue date comme un compartiment d'intérêt pour surveiller la qualité des milieux aquatiques. Aussi, dans le cadre d'application de la Directive-Cadre sur l'Eau (DCE), adoptée depuis le 23/10/2000, elles ont été identifiées comme l'un des maillon-clés permettant d'évaluer l'état écologique de différentes catégories de milieux aquatiques de l'Europe continentale et de certains territoires ultramarins, dont les cours d'eau. Du fait de son statut juridique, la Nouvelle-Calédonie n'est pas partie intégrante de l'Union Européenne et la DCE n'a pas vocation légale à s'appliquer. Cependant, la gestion intégrée et durable de la ressource en eau est une préoccupation importante des autorités et gestionnaires locaux. Afin de venir compléter l'information écologique déjà apportée sur les cours d'eau par 2 indices biologiques basés sur les invertébrés benthiques (l'Indice Biotique de Nouvelle-Calédonie ou IBNC, mis au point depuis 1999, et l'Indice Bio-Sédimentaire ou IBS, de production plus récente), à l'initiative de l'OEIL et avec l'appui de la DAVAR et du CNRT, un programme de Recherche-Développement visant la mise au point d'un nouvel indice diatomique a été mis en place, dont la réalisation a été confiée au consortium Asconit-Irstea, avec l'appui du bureau d'études local Bioeko. Réalisé entre Octobre 2012 et 2017, ce programme a permis l'acquisition de 210 relevés complets couplant inventaires diatomiques et conditions physico-chimiques à la station, collectés au cours de 4 campagnes de prélèvement couvrant les 2 saisons climatiques principales. En tout, 466 taxons différents, ont pu être inventoriés, dont beaucoup étaient antérieurement mal connus voire inconnus.En fonction du niveau d'information écologique capitalisé, 217 taxons d'eau douce suffisamment rencontrés participent effectivement au calcul du nouvel IDNC. Bon nombre d'entre eux n'apportent pas d'information particulière sur le niveau d'altération anthropique de la rivière (Taxons +). D'autres taxons, à répartition clairement favorisée par des gradients de pression anthropique, ont été sélectionnés à l'aide du logiciel TITAN et constituent des taxons d'alerte (Taxons -). Des listes spécifiques de taxons d'alerte ont ainsi été identifiées vis-à-vis de 7 gradients différents d'anthropisation.Le présent guide iconographique est destiné à permettre l'identification fiable des taxons indiciels de l'IDNC (i.e. les taxons qui participent effectivement au calcul de la note indicielle). Quelques taxons halins identifiés en cours d'étude sont également illustrés. Il est utile de les reconnaître. En effet, leur identification dans un effectif plus que marginal dans un relevé donné serait le signe d'une influence littorale exercée au niveau du site prélevé (zone de transition), situation particulière sortant du domaine de validité de l'IDNC.Le présent guide d'identification est composé de 2 volumes : le Volume 1 décrit chaque taxon indiciel individuellement. Le Volume 2 (présent document) compile des illustrations de taxons morphologiquement proches afin de pouvoir les comparer et de faciliter leur identification en routine

Automated Filtering of Intrinsic Movement Artifacts during Two-Photon Intravital Microscopy

<div><p><i>In vivo</i> imaging using two-photon microscopy is an essential tool to explore the dynamic of physiological events deep within biological tissues for short or extended periods of time. The new capabilities offered by this technology (e.g. high tissue penetrance, low toxicity) have opened a whole new era of investigations in modern biomedical research. However, the potential of using this promising technique in tissues of living animals is greatly limited by the intrinsic irregular movements that are caused by cardiac and respiratory cycles and muscular and vascular tone. Here, we show real-time imaging of the brain, spinal cord, sciatic nerve and myenteric plexus of living mice using a new automated program, named Intravital_Microscopy_Toolbox, that removes frames corrupted with motion artifacts from time-lapse videos. Our approach involves generating a dissimilarity score against precalculated reference frames in a specific reference channel, thus allowing the gating of distorted, out-of-focus or translated frames. Since the algorithm detects the uneven peaks of image distortion caused by irregular animal movements, the macro allows a fast and efficient filtering of the image sequence. In addition, extra features have been implemented in the macro, such as XY registration, channel subtraction, extended field of view with maximum intensity projection, noise reduction with average intensity projections, and automated timestamp and scale bar overlay. Thus, the Intravital_Microscopy_Toolbox macro for ImageJ provides convenient tools for biologists who are performing <i>in vivo</i> two-photon imaging in tissues prone to motion artifacts.</p></div