The case of communicative intransitive gestures: further developments on a dual mechanism for motor control of action in imitation

Imitation is classically thought of as a mechanism that allows learning from demonstration. Several are the models that offer an explanation of how human imitation is accomplished. Observations of brain damaged patients, healthy subjects and brain imaging data can be found in support of both unique mechanistic models and dual route models (Chapter 1) . Two sets of evidence from neuropsychology and normal experimental psychology support the need of independent mechanisms that can account for either imitation of novel, meaningless actions or familiar, meaningful actions..

The Role of Presentation Media and Perspective on Direction Giving

Research on spatial cognition has tried to understand how perspective (route vs. survey) and media (visual vs. verbal) influence people\u27s spatial cognition on different tasks (e.g., map drawing, navigation, semantic and distance estimation) when materials are presented simultaneously. However, less research has focused on how those spatial features influence people\u27s direction giving when materials are presented sequentially, one piece at a time. In the present study, participants were presented with fragments of sentences and map segments. After learning the materials, they were asked to give directions using their own words or including cardinal terms. As hypothesized, participants provided more accurate directions when presented with visual (map) than verbal (text) media; this finding is consistent with other research studies that show the superiority of visual over verbal media in many spatial cognition tasks. Exploratory analysis showed that participants used significantly more relative terms and streets in their route directions in the map condition compared to the text condition. However, results revealed no differences in route direction accuracy between participants who learned Without layouts and those who learned With layouts. Participants also included more streets and repeated materials fewer times when asked to give directions using their own words than when asked to include cardinal terms. Overall, results indicate that presentation media and spatial perspectives impact the quality and content of route directions

Expressão do gene RcDREB1 de forma constitutiva em plantas de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, 2015.A água é de importância fundamental para a vida, pois constitui a matriz onde ocorre a maioria dos processos bioquímicos que são essenciais. As estruturas e funções das proteínas dependem da presença de água. As plantas naturalmente têm a capacidade de suportar ambientes desfavoráveis e essa capacidade de resistir ao ambiente é determinada geneticamente. Atualmente, mecanismos de proteção em nível molecular têm sido estudados, como os fatores de transcrição DREB (Dehydration-Responsive Element- Binding) que foram identificados e caracterizados inicialmente em Arabidopsis thaliana. Fatores de transcrição (FT) iniciam uma cascata gênica conferindo tolerância à desidratação, salinidade ou altas e baixas temperaturas, ou seja, estresses abióticos. Em trabalho anterior o promotor do gene RcDREB1 dirigiu a expressão do gene gus que foi detectada apenas em grãos de pólen de plantas transgênicas de tabaco no momento da antese. Este trabalho visa obter plantas transgênicas de tabaco expressando o gene RcDREB1 constitutivamente para testar a hipótese de que essas plantas poderão ser tolerantes ao estresse hídrico. Para alcançar este objetivo, foi inserido o gene RcDREB1 no vetor pCAMBIA3300 onde o promotor constitutivo 35SCaMV dirigirá sua expressão. As plantas resistentes ao agente seletivo glufosinato de amônio foram analisadas para a presença do transgene por PCR e para a detecção da proteína fosfinotricina acetiltransferase (PAT). Essas análises confirmaram que 11 plantas eram transgênicas. Cinco linhagens de plantas transformadas foram testadas para tolerância a estresse hídrico onde a rega das plantas foi removida por nove dias. Quatro das linhagens utilizadas no teste anterior tiveram a viabilidade dos pólens avaliada por exposição a alta temperatura (37ºC). Os resultados mostraram que a linhagem T6 apresentou maior tolerância ao estresse hídrico assim como um ganho de biomassa durante o período do estresse. E o pólen da linhagem T11 apresentou viabilidade estatisticamente maior que a linhagem WT. O com os resultados obtidos gene RcDREB1 se mostrou um gene candidato a programas de melhoramento de cultivares comerciais.Water is fundamental for life, as it is the matrix, in which occurs most essential biochemical processes. The structures and functions of proteins depend on the presence of water. Plants have a natural ability to withstand harsh environments and ability to withstand this environment is genetically determined. Currently, protection mechanisms at the molecular level have been studied, such as DREB transcription factors (Dehydration- Responsive Element-Binding) that were identified and initially characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcription factors (TF) initiate a gene cascade conferring tolerance to dehydration, salinity or high and low temperatures, i.e. abiotic stresses. In our previous work, the promoter of the RcDREB1 gene, controlling the expression of the gus gene, have shown expression only in pollen grains of transgenic tobacco plants at the time of anthesis. This work aims to obtain transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing the RcDREB1gene to test the hypothesis that these plants may be tolerant to water stress. To accomplish this, the RcDREB1 gene was inserted into the pCAMBIA3300 vector under control of the constitutive promoter 35SCaMV. Plants resistant to the selective agent glufosinate ammonium were analyzed for the presence of the transgene by PCR and for the detection of protein phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT). These analyzes confirmed that 11 plants were transgenic. Five transformed plants lines were tested for tolerance to drought stress by removing watering for nine days. Four of the lines were evaluated for the viability of pollen, exposed to high temperature (37 ° C). Results showed that the line T6 was more tolerant to water stress as well as a gain of biomass during the stress period. In addition, the pollen viability showed to be statistically higher in the line T11 when compared to the WT plants. These results demonstrated that RcDREB1 gene is a candidate for the improvement of commercial crops

Static output-feedback stabilization of discrete-time Markovian jump linear systems: a system augmentation approach

This paper studies the static output-feedback (SOF) stabilization problem for discrete-time Markovian jump systems from a novel perspective. The closed-loop system is represented in a system augmentation form, in which input and gain-output matrices are separated. By virtue of the system augmentation, a novel necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of desired controllers is established in terms of a set of nonlinear matrix inequalities, which possess a monotonic structure for a linearized computation, and a convergent iteration algorithm is given to solve such inequalities. In addition, a special property of the feasible solutions enables one to further improve the solvability via a simple D-K type optimization on the initial values. An extension to mode-independent SOF stabilization is provided as well. Compared with some existing approaches to SOF synthesis, the proposed one has several advantages that make it specific for Markovian jump systems. The effectiveness and merit of the theoretical results are shown through some numerical example

Hipocrisia, moralidade e caráter em Nietzsche.

O presente artigo trata do problema ético nietzscheano da constituição de um caráter de exceção sob duas frentes: primeiramente, sob um viés negativo, como contraposição à moralidade do rebanho. Depois, em seu momento construtivo ou afirmativo, propriamente como criação de si. O leitmotiv dessa dupla apresentação é o da defesa de aspectos daquilo que associamos à noção de hipocrisia como chave de interpretação para essa constituição. Primeiramente, como arte dissimulação, na forma de um refúgio do indivíduo em meio à moralidade do rebanho. Depois, como arte do ator, nas práticas que Nietzsche associa à constituição de si.This article deals with Nietzsche’s ethical problem of the constitution of an exceptional character, under two fronts: first, under a negative bias, as opposed to the morality of the herd. Later, on its constructive or affirmative time, properly as creation of self. The leitmotif of this double presentation is the defense of aspects from what we associate with the concept of hypocrisy as a key to an interpretation of that constitution. First, as an art of dissimulation, in the form of an individual's refuge amidst the morality of the herd. Later, as the actor's art, in the practices which Nietzsche associates to the self-constitution

The impact of online negative word-of-mouth on customers in the telecommunication industry

Nowadays, social media platforms are part of the daily routine of the majority of the Portuguese population. Facebook is currently gathering both consumers and brands under the same platform, which on one hand is positive as it decreases the distance between both players and allows constant interchange of information. However, on the other hand, this proximity might imply some risks as brands are more exposed to negative circumstances. No longer has one’s bad experience with a product or service stayed contained between the affected consumer and the company itself. It is now often turned public, becoming easily available to large amounts of individuals who are exposed to brand-related content posted on brand pages in social media. The present study intends to analyze the effects of readers’ exposure to negative brand related word-of-mouth generated by other consumers on companies’ brand pages in social media. Focusing on the telecommunication industry, the effects of readers’ exposure to negative brand related word-of-mouth were measured in terms of their effects on readers’ brand attitude, perceived brand quality, negative word-of-mouth intentions and re-patronage intentions. Additionally, considering the industry under analysis, the current study also investigates whether these effects are influenced by the type of customer, with contractual and non-contractual customers being considered. An online questionnaire was distributed to 442 respondents revealing that only negative word-ofmouth intentions was significantly influenced by readers’ exposure to brand-related negative wordof-mouth. Additionally, the influence of the type of customer was validated with contractual customers reacting differently from non-contractual in perceived brand quality.Hoje em dia, as redes sociais fazem parte da rotina diária da maioria da população portuguesa. Atualmente o Facebook une tanto consumidores como marcas sob o mesmo espaço, o que se mostra vantajoso na medida em que diminui a distância entre os intervenientes e permite uma troca constante de informações. No entanto, essa proximidade pode trazer alguns riscos uma vez que deixa as marcas mais expostas a situações negativas. Não mais uma má experiência, com um determinado produto ou serviço, ficou apenas entre o consumidor em causa e a própria empresa. É atualmente recorrente tornar-se pública, ficando facilmente disponível para inúmeras pessoas através da página da marca nas redes sociais. O presente estudo pretende analisar o efeito da exposição dos leitores ao passa-palavra negativo, gerado por outros consumidores na página da marca nas redes sociais. Focando na indústria das telecomunicações, o efeito da exposição dos leitores ao passa-palavra negativo foi avaliado em termos de "brand attitude", da perceção de qualidade da marca, das intenções de passa-palavra negativo e das intenções de patrocínio. Além disso, e considerando a indústria em análise, este estudo procurou também investigar se esses efeitos são ou não influenciados pelo tipo de consumidor, considerando consumidores contratuais e não contratuais. Nesse sentido, foi distribuído um questionário online por 442 participantes revelando que apenas as intenções de passa-palavra negativo foram influenciadas pela exposição dos leitores ao passa-palavra negativo. Adicionalmente, a influência do tipo de cliente foi avaliada onde clientes contratuais reagiram de forma diferente de clientes não contratuais em termos da perceção de qualidade da marca

“El hombre olvidado en la garita”: o marginalizado histórico em El lápiz del carpintero

IX Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas realizado nos dias 22 a 25 agosto 2016A obra em tela conta a trajetória dos personagens prisioneiros durante o período da Guerra Civil Espanhola pela polícia franquista, representada principalmente pelo carcereiro Herbal. O relato nos chega através de flashbacks do período que antecede a guerra, da época da guerra e da visão atual do pósguerra pelo personagem carcereiro e por meio de um dos personagens prisioneiro – Da Barca. Tais relatos são introduzidos por um personagem investigador, Carlos Sousa, que, ao buscar conhecimentos da história da guerra, entrevista o exprisioneiro Da Barca que põe em perspectiva a memória de um tempo propositalmente esquecido pela sociedade espanhola. Além dessas vozes narrativas, há uma voz onisciente que se materializa mediante um objeto simbólico – o lápis do carpinteiro. Manuel Rivas escreve seu livro em galego, resgatando uma cultura rechaçada pela ditadura franquista. Este auto de resistência se contrapõe a uma política totalitária que exclui diversidades de saberes por uma pretensa e autoritária unidade culturalnacional. Este trabalho visa flagrar Herbal como persona hispânica da história dos periféricos sócioeconômicoculturais. A construção narrativa desse personagem se manifesta desde a sua aparição em instantâneos da infância, adolescência e juventude desprovida de bens materiais, espirituais e intelectuais que brilham no relato sombrio do seu empoderamento bélico. Aparecem também o antagonismo desse personagem e sua problematização quanto a outros personagens considerados por seus pertencimentos a elites sociais, econômicas e culturais. Desse modo, mostrase como tal personagem se desenvolve nessa realidade histórica e se contextualiza ficcionalmente no seu antagonismo como defensor do sistema políticocultural vigente em relação aos outros personagens que protagonizam a contestação desse sistema. Pontuando esta análise, veremos como o objetosímbolo desse romance – el lápiz rojo: carpinteiro, escritor, pintor, nas mãos ativistas de seus usuários tornase um elemento passivo ao ser confiscado por Herbal, que o utiliza como amuleto, naturalizando a história como pensamento mágico. Como vemos, o tema deste trabalho já se apresenta no título: o homem marginalizado em El Lápiz del carpintero, por uma visão históricofilosófica, que a própria obra nos proporcionaUNILA­-UNIOEST

ARTICLE THE AND ITS TRANSLATION IN INDONESIAN (WITH REFERENCE TO NOVEL, TITLED RED QUEEN BY VICTORIA AVEYARD)

The title of this paper is Article The and Its Translation in Indonesian. The problems which are analyzed in this paper are about the uses of this definite article and the kinds of the translation of this definite article. These problems are discussed by doing a library research, that is by reading the data source of the SL (English) and the data source of the TL (Indonesia). The data source of the SL (Source Language) from which the data of the uses of this definite article are taken is a novel entitled Red Queen (2015) written by Victoria Aveyard. Then, the data source from the TL (Target Language) from which the data of the kinds of the translation of this article are taken is a novel entitled Ratu Merah (2016) which is written by Nuraini Mastura. This Indonesian novel constitutes a translation from this English novel. Besides reading these two data sources, the references which show the concepts that can be used to analyze these problems are also read accurately. The theory which is used to analyze the problem about the uses of this article is the theory on the article, especially the article the. The concepts of the uses of this article are mainly taken from a book entitled A Comprehensive Grammar of The English Language (1985) by Quirk, Greenbaum, et al. in this book, it is described by Quirk, Greenbaum, et al. That the most common and typical central determiners are the definite and indefinite articles, the and a/an, respectively. The forms of the articles depend on the initial sound of the following word. In its unstressed (normal use), the definite article is always written the but pronounced /ð/ before consonants and before vowels. Besides from this main reference, the concepts of this definite article are also taken from some supporting references. Further, in analyzing the translation of this article, the theory which is applied is the theory on the translation. The concepts of the translation is mainly taken from a book which is entitled Meaning-Based Translation (1984) written by Milder L, Larson. In this book, Larson says that ‘Translation consist of transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language’. vii This is done by going from the form of the first language to the form of a second language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant. Only the form changes. The form from which the translation is made will be called the source language and the form into which it is to be changed will be called the Receptor Language. Translation, then, consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the Receptor Language and its cultural context.’ Beside from this main reference, the concepts of the translation are also taken from some supporting references. Based upon the result of the analysis, it can be described that the article the is used in a great quantities in the SL, especially in Victoria Aveyard’s Red Queen (2015). In this SL, this article is used in several uses. It is used with: (1) generic reference, (2) particular reference, (3) reference to immediate situation, (4) reference to larger situation, (5) anaphoric reference, (6) cataphoric reference, (7) sporadic reference, (8) reference to parts of the human body, (9) reference to surnames, (10) nouns of definite quality, and (11) non count abstract nouns postmodified by an of-phrase. The last use of this article found in this SL is it use before superlative adjectives. In the TL, especially in Nuraini Mastura’s Ratu Merah (2016), some of the article the are idiomatically translated into several translations, and some of the others are idiomatically translated into one translation only. In the TL, the article the used with: (1) generic reference is translated into zero translation, the word itu, and the suffix –nya; (2) particular reference is translated into zero translation, the suffix –mu and –nya, the word itu, and the word sang; (3) reference to immediate situation is translated into zero translation and the word itu; (4) reference to larger situation is translated into zero translation viii and the word ini; (5) anaphoric reference is translated into zero translation and the word ini and itu; (6) cataphoric reference is translated into zero translation and the suffix –nya; (7) sporadic reference is translated into zero translation and the word itu and ini, and the suffix –nya; (8) reference to parts of the human body is translated into zero translation and the suffix –nya; (9) reference to surnames is only translated into zero translation; (10) nouns of definite quality is also translated into zero translation only; (11) non count abstract nouns postmodified by an of-phrase is translated into zero translation and the word itu. Furthermore, the article the, which is used before superlative adjectives, is translated into zero translation in this TL