EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF PLANT EXTRACTS FROM SOUTHERN MINAS GERAIS CERRADO

The antimicrobial activity of plant hidroethanolic extracts on bacteria Gram positive, Gram negative, yeasts, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 and Mycobacterium bovis was evaluated by using the technique of Agar diffusion and microdilution in broth. Among the extracts evaluated by Agar diffusion, the extract of Bidens pilosa leaf presented the most expressive average of haloes of growth inhibition to the microorganisms, followed by the extract of B. pilosa flower, of Eugenia pyriformis' leaf and seed, of Plinia cauliflora leaf which statistically presented the same average of haloes inhibitory formation on bacteria Gram positive, Gram negative and yeasts. The extracts of Heliconia rostrata did not present activity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) appeared resistant to all the extracts. The susceptibility profile of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungi were compared to one another and to the Gram positive Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and the Gram negative Salmonella typhimurium bacteria (p > 0.05). The evaluation of cytotoxicity was carried out on C6-36 larvae cells of the Aedes albopictus mosquito. The extracts of stem and flower of Heliconia rostrata, leaf and stem of Plinia cauliflora, seed of Anonna crassiflora and stem, flower and root of B. pilosa did not present toxicity in the analyzed concentrations. The highest rates of selectivity appeared in the extracts of stem of A. crassiflora and flower of B. pilosa to Staphylococcus aureus, presenting potential for future studies about a new drug development

Caracterização do consumo alimentar, ambiente socioeconômico e estado nutricional de pré-escolares de creches municipais Characteristics of dietary intake, socioeconomic environment and nutritional status of preschoolers at public kindergartens

OBJETIVO: Analisar o consumo alimentar, o ambiente socioeconômico, a freqüência de anemia ferropriva e o estado nutricional de pré-escolares. MÉTODOS: A população estudada constituiu-se de 89 crianças de 24 a 72 meses de idade, assistidas em creches municipais de Viçosa, MG. Foram avaliados: nível de hemoglobina, peso, estatura, presença de parasitose, consumo alimentar dos pré-escolares e o perfil biossocioeconômico de suas famílias. RESULTADOS: O estado nutricional do grupo foi considerado satisfatório, e a prevalência de anemia relativamente baixa (11,2%). Condições adequadas de saneamento, nível razoável de escolaridade dos pais, baixo número de filhos e ausência de parasitas envolvidos com a gênese da anemia podem justificar o perfil observado. Não foi observada associação da anemia ferropriva nem com desnutrição nem com parasitose. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de alguns fatores biossocioeconômicos apresentarem-se favoráveis ao estado nutricional e à baixa prevalência de anemia, observa-se, entretanto, que a insuficiente renda per capita e a dieta deficiente poderão levar esse grupo de pré-escolares, no futuro, a um pior estado de saúde.<br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dietary intake, the socioeconomic environment, the frequency of iron deficiency anemia, and the preschoolers' nutritional status. METHODS: The evaluated population consisted of 89 children aged 24 to 72 months, who were assisted at the public nursery schools in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. Evaluation was performed for hemoglobin level, body weight, stature, parasites' presence and dietary intake of the children, as well as for their families' biological and socioeconomic profiles. RESULTS: The group's nutritional status was considered satisfactory, and anemia prevalence was relatively low (11.2%). This profile may be justified by the adequate conditions of sanitation, reasonable level of parents' schooling, low numbers of children per family, and absence of parasites involved in the anemia genesis. No association was observed between iron-deficiency anemia and malnutrition, neither parasitosis. CONCLUSION: Although some bio-socioeconomic factors showed favorable nutritional state and low anemia prevalence, it was observed, however, that the families' insufficient income per capita and their deficient diet will probably lead this group of children to a worse health status

Aspectos demográficos e mortalidade de populações indígenas do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Demographic characteristics and mortality among indigenous peoples in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi o de analisar os aspectos demográficos e o padrão de mortalidade da população indígena aldeada do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, comparativamente ao da população total do estado. Foram calculados indicadores de mortalidade a partir dos dados obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Atenção à Saúde Indígena e do consolidado mensal, assim como, do módulo demográfico e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do SUS. Observaram-se, na população indígena, comparativamente à do estado, maior proporção de indivíduos menores de 15 anos e menor de idosos e taxas mais elevadas de mortalidade em idades precoces e por doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. Os homens indígenas apresentaram taxas significativamente maiores para as causas externas, doenças do aparelho respiratório e doenças infecciosas. Entre as mulheres, apenas as causas externas e doenças infecciosas se destacaram. A grande importância dos suicídios na juventude apresentou-se como aspecto relevante. As condições de saúde da população indígena são piores que a da população total.<br>The present study aimed to assess mortality rates and related demographic factors among indigenous peoples in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-West Brazil, compared to the State's general population. Mortality rates were estimated based on data obtained from the Health Care Database for Indigenous Peoples and monthly patient care records as well as demographic data from the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) and mortality data from the SUS Mortality Database. Compared to the overall population, among indigenous peoples there were proportionally more individuals under 15 years of age and fewer elderly, besides higher mortality rates at early ages and from infectious and parasitic diseases. Indigenous men showed significantly higher mortality rates from external causes and respiratory and infectious diseases, while among women the mortality rates from external causes and infectious diseases were higher. Suicide rates among young indigenous individuals were also particularly alarming. Indigenous people's health conditions are worse than those of the general population in Mato Grosso do Sul

The Italian dementia with Lewy bodies study group (DLB-SINdem): toward a standardization of clinical procedures and multicenter cohort studies design

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) causes elevated outlays for the National Health Systems due to high institutionalization rate and patients\u2019 reduced quality of life and high mortality. Furthermore, DLB is often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer\u2019s disease. These data motivate harmonized multicenter longitudinal cohort studies to improve clinical management and therapy monitoring. The Italian DLB study group of the Italian Neurological Society for dementia (SINdem) developed and emailed a semi-structured questionnaire to 572 national dementia centers (from primary to tertiary) to prepare an Italian large longitudinal cohort. The questionnaire surveyed: (1) prevalence and incidence of DLB; (2) clinical assessment; (3) relevance and availability of diagnostic tools; (4) pharmacological management of cognitive, motor, and behavioural disturbances; (5) causes of hospitalization, with specific focus on delirium and its treatment. Overall, 135 centers (23.6 %) contributed to the survey. Overall, 5624 patients with DLB are currently followed by the 135 centers in a year (2042 of them are new patients). The percentage of DLB patients was lower (27 \ub1 8 %) than that of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal dementia (56 \ub1 27 %) patients. The majority of the centers (91 %) considered the clinical and neuropsychological assessments as the most relevant procedure for a DLB diagnosis. Nonetheless, most of the centers has availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 95 %), electroencephalography (EEG; 93 %), and FP-CIT single photon emission-computerized tomography (SPECT; 75 %) scan for clinical applications. It will be, therefore, possible to recruit a large harmonized Italian cohort of DLB patients for future cross-sectional and longitudinal multicenter studies