Cardiac biomarkers in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical relevance of cardiac biomarkers [troponin I and T, creatine kinase-MB fraction (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. Seventy premature calves were admitted to the clinic within 24 h after birth. Respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed in premature calves by clinical examination and venous blood gas analysis. Ten healthy calves, aged 5 days, were used as control. Cardiac troponin I and T were analysed using ELISA and ELFA, respectively. Serum CK-MB and LDH were also analysed in an automatic analyser. The calves had low venous pH, pO2, O2 saturation and high pCO2 values consistent with dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, and inadequate oxygen delivery. Mean serum troponin I, troponin T, CK-MB and LDH levels were increased in the premature calves compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results in this study demonstrated that serum CK-MB, troponin I and troponin T concentrations could be used for evaluating myocardial injury in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome

Utjecaj odnosa koncentracija bakra u hrani i plazmi na razvojnu ortopedsku bolest u ždrjebadi.

The study group consisted of ten foals, 3-6 months old, 6 male and 4 female, KWPN breed, with developmental orthopedic disease (DOD). The control group consisted of eight healthy foals. On clinical examination, lameness, swelling of joints, and pain were observed in all foals. Clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings in ten foals indicated DOD. Serum Cu concentrations in foals with DOD were significantly lower than in the control group (0.094 ± 0.011 mg/kg vs, 0.932 ± 0.068 mg/kg, respectively; P0.05), serum Ca levels (187.836 ± 7.921 μg/dL vs. 150.912 ± 5.271 μg/dL, respectively, P >0.05), and serum P levels (247.339 ± 10.729 μg/dL vs. 190.470 ± 5.775 μg/dL, respectively, P >0.05) were observed both in foals with DOD and in healthy foals. There were no statistically significant differences between the DOD group and the control group with respect to serum levels of Ca, P and Zn. We concluded that DOD is associated with reduced serum levels of Cu in foals. Copper is an important trace element for growing foals.Pokusna skupina sastojala se od 10 ždrjebadi s razvojnom ortopedskom bolešću, šest muške i četiri ženske, u dobi od tri do šest mjeseci, pasmine kraljevski nizozemski toplokrvnjak. Kontrolna skupina sastojala se od šest zdrave ždrjebadi. Sva je ždrjebad bila klinički pregledana na hromost, otekline zglobova i bol. Klinički, radiografski i patološki nalazi upućivali su na razvojnu ortopedsku bolest. Koncentracija bakra u ždrjebadi s razvojnom bolešću bila je značajno manja nego u ždrjebadi kontrolne skupine (0,094 ± 0,011 mg/kg u odnosu na 0,932 ± 0,068 mg/kg; P0,05, dok su serumske razine kalcija iznosile 187,836 ± 7,921 μg/dL u odnosu na 150,912 ± 5,271 μg/dL u kontrolne skupine, P>0,05, te razine fosfora 247,339 ± 10,729 μg/dL u pokusne u odnosu na 190,470 ± 5,775 μg/dL u kontrolne skupine, P>0,05. Nisu ustanovljene statistički značajne razlike između istraživane i kontrolne skupine s obzirom na razine Ca, P i Zn. Zaključuje se da je razvojna ortopedska bolest u ždrjebadi povezana s razinom Cu u serumu. Bakar je važan element za rast ždrjebadi

SERUM GASTRIN IN DOGS WITH ACUTE OR CHRONIC GASTRITIS AND POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE FOR HELICOBACTER SP. IN THE STOMACH

Abstract The relationship between gastrin levels and presence of Helicobacter-like organisms (HLO) in dogs with acute or chronic gastritis was investigated. For this purpose, a total of 52 crossbred Kangal Dogs aging 2-5 years were used; including 12 dogs with acute gastritis, 25 dogs with chronic gastritis, and 15 healthy dogs. Blood samples were collected from the vena cephalica. Serum gastrin levels were measured using commercial competitive binding radioimmunoassay. HLO were found in 64%, 58.3%, and 60% of animals with chronic gastritis or acute gastritis, and controls, respectively. The gastrin levels in dogs with chronic gastritis were higher than in those with acute gastritis and controls. There were no significant differences between the gastrin levels in all groups, with regard to HLO positive versus HLO negative dogs. In conclusion, HLO incidence was generally found in high levels in all the dogs. However, HLO did not primarily affect the stomach mucosal damage. In the mean time, there was no relation between the levels of serum gastrin in dogs with gastritis, either being HLO positive or negative. The results of the study showed that higher gastrin levels in dogs with gastritis were related to severe gastric lesions and mucosal damage

An Investigation on Water Quality of Darlik Dam Drinking Water using Satellite Images

Darlik Dam supplies 15% of the water demand of Istanbul Metropolitan City of Turkey. Water quality (WQ) in the Darlik Dam was investigated from Landsat 5 TM satellite images of the years 2004, 2005, and 2006 in order to determine land use/land cover changes in the watershed of the dam that may deteriorate its WQ. The images were geometrically and atmospherically corrected for WQ analysis. Next, an investigation was made by multiple regression analysis between the unitless planetary reflectance values of the first four bands of the June 2005 Landsat TM image of the dam and WQ parameters, such as chlorophyll-a, total dissolved matter, turbidity, total phosphorous, and total nitrogen, measured at satellite image acquisition time at seven stations in the dam. Finally, WQ in the dam was studied from satellite images of the years 2004, 2005, and 2006 by pattern recognition techniques in order to determine possible water pollution in the dam. This study was compared to a previous study done by the authors in the Küçükçekmece water reservoir, also in Istanbul City

Water Quality Determination of Küçükçekmece Lake, Turkey by Using Multispectral Satellite Data

This study focuses on the analysis of the Landsat-5 TM + SPOT-Pan (1992), IRS-1C/D LISS + Pan (2000), and Landsat-5 TM (2006) satellite images that reflect the drastic land use/land cover changes in the Küçükçekmece Lake region, Istanbul. Landsat-5 TM satellite data dated 2006 was used for mapping water quality. A multiple regression analysis was carried out between the unitless planetary reflectance values derived from the satellite image and in situ water quality parameters chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, turbidity, and biological and chemical oxygen demand measured at a number of stations homogenously distributed over the lake surface. The results of this study provided valuable information to local administrators on the water quality of Küçükçekmece Lake, which is a large water resource of the Istanbul Metropolitan Area. Results also show that such a methodology structured by use of reflectance values provided from satellite imagery, in situ water quality measurements, and basin land use/land cover characteristics obtained from images can serve as a powerful and rapid monitoring tool for the drinking water basins that suffer from rapid urbanization and pollution, all around the world

Call centers and noise-induced hearing loss

Noise is defined as unwelcome sound. It has been estimated that 16% of adult hearing loss in the world is due to noise exposure at the workplace. This report offers a case that diagnosed with hearing loss of whom working as a call center operator at home. Home agent operators should be explored

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Halofuginone Lactate and Paromomycin in the Treatment of Calves Naturally Infected with Cryptosporidium parvum

Background: Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important problems among neonatal ruminants. Cryptosporidium parvum is the agent causing the disease. Cryptosporidium infection, responsible for diarrhea, dehydration, weight loss and death in neonatal ruminants, leads to significant economic losses for producers. In calves naturally or experimentally infected with cryptosporidiosis, many agents have been reported to have therapeutic and protective effects. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of halofuginone lactate and paromomycin in the treatment of calves naturally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty calves between 7 and 20 days of age and naturally infected were included in the study. There were two different treatment groups in the study. The first group of calves were administered 100 µg/kg/day halofuginone lactate for 7 days and the second group of calves were administered 100 mg/kg/day paromomycin for 7 days. In addition, antibiotic and vitamin C were applied to all calves. Jugular venous blood samples were obtained pre-treatment and on the 7th day after the treatment. Routine clinical examinations of the calves were performed on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 and rectal stool samples were collected for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts.  Severe diarrhea, dehydration, depression and weight loss were observed in calves in both treatment groups. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed for both groups in oocyst count on days 3, 5 and 7 compared to days 0 and 1. Improvements in blood parameters, stool characters and clinical scoring of both groups were observed in post-treatment.Discussion: Many pharmaceuticals or compounds have been tested for animal with cryptosporidiosis and only very few of them have shown a partial protective activity in ruminants when used prophylactically. Halofuginone lactate and paromomycin are commonly recommended as both therapeutic and protective agents. However, the effectiveness of the two therapeutic agents in natural infections has not been compared and, in the meantime, recommendations for a rational use are also not sufficiently documented in calves with cryptosporidiosis. Paromomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to control C. parvum infection in animals. Paromomycin reduces oocyst shedding and the number of days with diarrhea in experimentally infected calves when used prophylactically. Halofuginone lactate is a synthetic quinazolinone with cryptosporidial activity in the merozoite and sporozoite stages of C. parvum. It is recommended for both therapeutic and prophylactic use in cryptosporidiosis. In this study, although paromomycin (100 mg/kg/day for 7 days) and halofuginone lactate (100 µg/kg/day for 7 days) led to a decrease in oocyst shedding from day 1, a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed from day 3. The results of this study show that the decrease in oocyst shedding in both treatment groups, improvements in clinical findings and recoveries in hematologic, blood gas and serum biochemistry values are similar. Even though these drugs do not eliminate the infection, they decrease both the severity of diarrhea and contribute to recovery. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that halofuginone lactate and paromomycin were effective in the treatment of calves naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis. Therefore, we recommend that both drugs should be used in the treatment of calves naturally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum

Hematologic, Blood Gas, Cardiac Biomarkers and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Calves with Atresia Coli and Theirs Relationship with Prognosis

Background: Atresia coli is an intestinal anomaly. Generally, absence of defecation in calves less than 10 days old, diminishing appetite, progressing abdominal distention and time-developing depression are reported in atresia coli. Although a calf consumes its milk normally in first days, loss of appetite develops over time. Occasional minor pain indications are observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate of hematologic, blood gases, cardiac biomarkers and serum biochemical parameters before operation in calves with atresia coli, and to investigate relationship with prognosis of these parameters.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirty calves with atresia coli and 6 healthy calves for control were used as material. Poor suction reflex, anorexia, dehydration, abdomen-kicking, frequent leg movement, abdominal distension and depression were observed in calves brought to the clinic. Some calves presented swashing sound depending on content of intestines when abdomen was shaken. Intestine atresia was diagnosed by history and clinical examination. After clinical examination, operation was performed. All calves were observed during 10 days after operation. Fifteen of 30 calves died during 10 days after operation. The blood lactate, WBC, LDH and CK-MB levels in non-surviving calves with atresia coli were significantly higher compared to control calves. The venous blood pH level was significantly lower in non-surviving calves compared to surviving calves. In addition, when compared to the control group, the blood pCO2 level was significantly higher in non-surviving and surviving calves with atresia coli while the pO2 and O2 saturation levels were significantly lower.Discussion: In calves with intestinal atresia, hematologic parameters are normal in first 48 h of disease. However, leukocytosis and shift to the left have been reported over time. However, leukocytosis due to peritonitis, bacterial overgrowth, etc. have been reported over time. It was seen that leukocyte numbers of non-surviving calves with atresia coli in this study were significantly higher, but leucocyte increase in surviving calves was seen to be statistically insignificant. Leukocyte increased in non-surviving calves with atresia may be associated with excessive bacterial reproduction and peritonitis. Blood lactate level is a commonly used marker for severity of disease in humans and lactate has a prognostic value in adult horses with colic and foals with critical disease. In this study, lactate level in non-surviving calves with atresia coli was significantly higher with respect to surviving calves and control calves. In this result, lactate can be evaluated as a prognostic indicator in calves with atresia coli. Creatine kinase-MB fraction and troponins are used in determination of cardiac damage in veterinary medicine. The fact that serum blood cTnI and CK-MB levels of non-surviving calves with intestinal atresia in this study were higher than surviving calves with atresia coli and control calves suggested that endotoxemia related cardiac damage may have developed. Surgical operation is necessary in the treatment of intestinal atresia. It was determined that the importance of calves age and colon integrity during time of surgical operation in survival of calves with atresia coli. The studies showed that survival rate in surgical operation conducted on calves under 3 days old was higher than calves over 5 day-old. Average of age of non-surviving calves with atresia coli in this study (4.67 ± 1.23 days) was higher than average of age of surviving calves with atresia coli (3.27 ± 0.51 days). It was also observed in our study that elapsed time affected prognosis of calves negatively. Thus, performing surgical operations as soon as possible may raise survival rate of calves with intestinal atresia as stated in previous studies

Effects of osteocalcin on synthesis of testosterone and INSL3 during adult leydig cell differentiation

Proliferation and differentiation of adult Leydig cells are mainly completed in puberty. In many studies, apart from normal postnatal development process, it is widely indicated that, through administrating EDS, Leydig cell population is eliminated and regenerated. It is believed that osteocalcin released from osteoblasts, which is responsible for modulating bone metabolism, induces testosterone production in Leydig cells, independent of the HPG axis. In addition, INSL3 produced by Leydig cells, such as testosterone, plays a critical role in bone metabolism and is known to reflect the development process and functional capacities of Leydig cells. This study is aimed at investigating OC-mediated testosterone regulation and INSL3 synthesis during differentiation of adult Leydig cells that are independent of LH. For this purpose, male rats were divided into 2 groups: Prepubertal normal rats and adult EDS-injected rats. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups in which GnRH antagonist or OC was applied. After adult Leydig cells completed their development, testicular tissue samples obtained from the sacrificed rats were examined by light-electron microscopic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. Slight upregulation in 3ßHSD, INSL3, and GPRC6A expressions along with the increase in serum testosterone levels was observed in groups treated with osteocalcin against GnRH antagonist. In addition, biochemical and microscopic findings in osteocalcin treated groups were similar to those in control groups. While there was no significant difference in the number of Leydig cells reported, the presence of a significant upregulation in INSL3 and GPRC6A expressions and the increase in serum testosterone and ucOC levels were observed. After evaluation of findings altogether, it is put forward that, for the first time in this study, although osteocalcin treatment made no significant difference in the number of Leydig cells, it increased the level of testosterone through improving the function of existing adult Leydig cells during normal postnatal development process and post-EDS regeneration. This positive correlation between osteocalcin-testosterone and osteocalcin-INSL3 is concluded to be independent of LH at in vivo conditions. © 2019 Gulfidan Coskun et al