Benefits of mindfulness for parenting in mothers of preschoolers in Chile

Indexación: Scopus.The present study evaluated whether mothers' participation in a mindfulness-based intervention led to statistically significant differences in their general levels of stress, depression, anxiety, parental stress, mindful parenting, and mindfulness. Forty-three mothers of preschool-age children participated, 21 in the intervention group and 22 in the comparison group. Scores of mental health variables were within normal ranges before the intervention. All of the participants worked at the Universidad Católica de Chile (Catholic University of Chile), and their children attended university preschool centers. Repeated measured ANOVA analysis were performed considering differences between gain scores of each group, rather than post-treatment group differences. This was chosen in order to approach initial differences in some of the measures (mindfulness, mindful parenting, and stress) probably due to self-selection. As predicted, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in general and parental stress and an increase in mindful parenting and general mindfulness variables when compared with the comparison group. Effect sizes ranged from small to medium, with the highest Cohen's d in stress (general and parental) and mindful parenting. In most cases, the significant change was observed between pre- and post-test measures. Follow-up measures indicated that the effects were maintained after 2 months. © 2018 Corthorn.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01443/ful

The British labour party and the League of Nations 1933-5

This thesis examines the divisions over foreign policy that emerged within the Labour movement from 1933, and culminated in a debate between its leaders at the 1935 party conference. In a steadily worsening international environment, pacifists and the Left had tentatively begun to develop influential critiques of the party line, which through the efforts of Henderson, Dalton, Attlee, Bevin and Citrine was becoming increasingly committed to a sanctionist League of Nations. However, it was only in the summer of 1935, with Mussolini's impending invasion of Abyssinia, that the pacifists, led by Lansbury and Ponsonby, the leaders of the Labour party in the two Houses of Parliament, and the leftist Socialist League, led by Cripps, openly began to voice their dissent from the party line. In discussing the various dimensions of this debate, this thesis draws on a wider range of source material than previous accounts of Labour's foreign policy in these years. In addition to the frequently consulted published material, it makes extensive use of private records - those of the Labour party itself, the TUC and also of key individuals. This thesis offers a substantial revision of the established literature, which has tended to overlook the significance of the Labour party's debates over the imposition of sanctions in 1935. It argues that the way in which these intra-party conflicts were resolved at the 1935 party conference placed the movement firmly behind armed collective security. In doing so it re-established Labour's political credibility and facilitated its inclusion in Churchill's wartime government

Challenges posed to the maternal circulation by pregnancy

In primates, adequate growth of the fetus depends on the development of the uteroplacental unit. On the fetal side, this is achieved by the creation of the vascular network of the placenta. On the maternal side, the transformation of the spiral arteries into saccular nonreactive vessels by the trophoblast provides high blood flow to the intervillous space. Apart from the changes in the uterine arteries, the mother expands her plasma volume – at the expense of stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system – and her cardiac output. In the maintaining of normotension in the face of an increased cardiac output and plasma volume, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system requires an enhanced vasodilator synthesis. Finally, in the late stages of pregnancy, a normal endothelial function is required to provide an ample margin to the activation provoked by deportation of syncytiotrophoblast fragments/factors to the maternal circulation. These four adaptative processes require various interrelated vasodilator systems. Deficient adaptations cause isolated or proteinuric arterial hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and stillbirths, among others. Moreover, a normal or a defective adaptation to pregnancy influences maternal cardiovascular health in later life, as evidenced by various studies, most of them epidemiological; thus, pregnancy is now considered a stress test to the maternal cardiovascular system. Because of this, women planning to become pregnant should be screened for clinical and biochemical cardiovascular risks. Inversely, women presenting with hypertension in pregnancy should be thoroughly studied to detect and correct cardiovascular risks. The incorporation of the predictive value of a hypertensive pregnancy should help reduce cardiovascular disease in women

Teachers' presence and their influence on significant learning: Toward a mindfulness approach in education

Indexación: Scopus; Scielo.Este artículo realiza una revisión teórica de las últimas investigaciones en relación a mindfulness en educación, especialmente relacionada con los aportes de esta práctica para el cuidado docente y para el cultivo de una presencia más plena por parte de los profesores y su influencia en la totalidad del proceso formativo, poniendo especial énfasis en el cultivo de algunas actitudes: atencionales (no juicio, mente de principiante y esfuerzo justo) y relacionales (amabilidad, empatía y compasión). A partir de la revisión de importantes investigaciones recientes, este trabajo propone un modelo cuyo propósito es orientar distintas intervenciones basadas en lo que en este trabajo llamamos un “enfoque mindfulness”, enfatizando la necesidad de su carácter sistémico, más allá de eventos puntuales, con el propósito de influir en la totalidad del sistema educativo hacia una cultura del bienestar.This article presents a theoretical review of the recent research related to mindfulness in education, specifically that concerned with the contribution of this practice to the self-care of teachers and with how the cultivation of a fuller presence by teachers influences the formative process overall, putting special emphasis in the cultivation of certain attitudes: attentional (non-judgment, beginner’s mind, and right effort) and relational (kindness, empathy, and compassion) attitudes. In this way, the study carries out a rigorous review of pertinent research and proposes a guiding model for diverse interventions based on what we call “mindfulness focus,” emphasizing the need for a systemic view, beyond isolated events, with the purpose of influencing the education system overall toward a culture of well-being.https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-07052018000100241&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=e

Specificity of the Amidase and Kininogenase Methods for the Determination of Rat Urinary Kallikrein

Peer Reviewe

Spatio-temporal expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and tissue kallikrein in uteroplacental units of the pregnant guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In humans trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling are critical to determine the fate of pregnancy. Since guinea-pigs share with women an extensive migration of the trophoblasts through the decidua and uterine arteries, and a haemomonochorial placenta, this species was used to evaluate the spatio-temporal expression of three enzymes that have been associated to trophoblast invasion, MMP-2, MMP-9 and tissue kallikrein (K1).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Uteroplacental units were collected from early to term pregnancy. MMP-2, MMP-9 and K1 were analysed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assessed by gelatin zymography.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immunoreactive MMP-2, MMP-9 and K1 were detected in the subplacenta, interlobar and labyrinthine placenta, syncytial sprouts and syncytial streamers throughout pregnancy. In late pregnancy, perivascular or intramural trophoblasts expressed the three enzymes. The intensity of the signal in syncytial streamers was increased in mid and late pregnancy for MMP-2, decreased in late pregnancy for MMP-9, and remained stable for K1. Western blots of placental homogenates at days 20, 40 and 60 of pregnancy identified bands with the molecular weights of MMP-2, MMP-9 and K1. MMP-2 expression remained constant throughout gestation. In contrast, MMP-9 and K1 attained their highest expression during midgestation. Placental homogenates of 20, 40 and 60 days yielded bands of gelatinase activity that were compatible with MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. ProMMP-2 and MMP-9 activities did not vary along pregnancy, while MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased at 40 and 40–60 days respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The spatio-temporal expression of MMPs and K1 supports a relevant role of these proteins in trophoblast invasion, vascular remodeling and placental angiogenesis, and suggests a functional association between K1 and MMP-9 activation.</p

Angiogenic, hyperpermeability and vasodilator network in utero-placental units along pregnancy in the guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The angiogenic and invasive properties of the cytotrophoblast are crucial to provide an adequate area for feto-maternal exchange. The present study aimed at identifying the localization of interrelated angiogenic, hyperpermeability and vasodilator factors in the feto-maternal interface in pregnant guinea-pigs.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Utero-placental units were collected from early to term pregnancy. VEGF, Flt-1, KDR, B2R and eNOS were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and the intensity of the signals in placenta and syncytial streamers was digitally analysed. Flt1 and eNOS content of placental homogenates was determined by western blotting. Statistical analysis used one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's Multiple Comparison post-hoc test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the subplacenta, placental interlobium and labyrinth VEGF, Flt-1, KDR, B2R and eNOS were expressed in all stages of pregnancy. Syncytial streamers in all stages of gestation, and cytotrophoblasts surrounding myometrial arteries in early and mid pregnancy – and replacing the smooth muscle at term – displayed immunoreactivity for VEGF, Flt-1, KDR, eNOS and B2R. In partly disrupted mesometrial arteries in late pregnancy cytotrophoblasts and endothelial cells expressed VEGF, Flt-1, KDR, B2R and eNOS. Sections incubated in absence of the first antibody, or in presence of rabbit IgG fraction and mouse IgG serum, yielded no staining. According to the digital analysis, Flt-1 increased in the placental interlobium in days 40 and 60 as compared to day 20 (P = 0.016), and in the labyrinth in day 60 as compared to days 20 and 40 (P = 0.026), while the signals for VEGF, KDR, B2R, and eNOS showed no variations along pregnancy. In syncytial streamers the intensity of VEGF immunoreactivity was increased in day 40 in comparison to day 20 (P = 0.027), while that of B2R decreased in days 40 and 60 as compared to day 20 (P = 0.011); VEGF, Flt-1, KDR, B2R and eNOS expression showed no variations. Western blots for eNOS and Flt-1 in placental homogenates showed no significant temporal differences along pregnancy.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The demonstration of different angiogenic, hyperpermeability and vasodilator factors in the same cellular protagonists of angiogenesis and invasion in the pregnant guinea-pig, supports the presence of a functional network, and strengthens the argument that this species provides an adequate model to understand human pregnancy.</p

Bradykinin promotes migration and invasion of human immortalized trophoblasts

Having demonstrated that the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) is expressed in cells that participate in trophoblast invasion in humans and guinea-pigs, we investigated the role of bradykinin (BK) on cell migration and invasion in the HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line using wound healing and invasion assays. First, we documented that HTR-8/SVneo cells expressed kallikrein, B2R, B1R, MMP-2 and MMP-9 using immunocytochemistry. Incubation with BK (10.0 microMol/L) for 18 hours increased the migration index 3-fold in comparison to controls or to cells preincubated with the B2R antagonist HOE-140. BK (10.0 microMol/L) incubation yielded a similar number of proliferating and viable cells as controls, therefore the enhanced closure of the wound cannot be attributed to proliferating cells. Incubation with BK (10.0 microMol/L) for 18 hours increased the invasion index 2-fold in comparison to controls or to cells preincubated with the antagonist of the B2R. Neither the B1R ligand Lys-des-Arg9 BK, nor its antagonist Lys-(des-Arg9-Leu8), modified migration and invasion. Further support for the stimulatory effect of B2R activation on migration and invasion is provided by the 3-fold increase in the number of filopodia per cell versus controls or cells preincubated with the B2R antagonist. Bradykinin had no effect on the cellular protein content of the B2R, nor the MMP-9 and MMP-2 gelatinase activity in the culture media varied after incubation with BK. This study adds bradykinin-acting on the B2R-to the stimuli of trophoblast migration and invasion, an effect that should be integrated to other modifications of the kallikrein-kinin system in normal and pathological pregnancies

Plan de Marketing para la exportación peruana de polvo de yacón orgánico al mercado alemán

El Trabajo de Fin de Máster en Marketing e Investigación de Mercados se enfoca en la creación de un Plan de Marketing para exportar polvo de yacón orgánico peruano al mercado alemán. El yacón, rico en nutrientes y propiedades medicinales, presenta un gran potencial en el mercado internacional debido a las tendencias de consumo hacia productos saludables y sostenibles. A pesar de su liderazgo en la producción, Perú apenas ha explotado este producto a nivel comercial. La elección de Alemania como mercado objetivo se basa en criterios cuantitativos y cualitativos que garantizan su viabilidad. El objetivo principal del marketing es posicionar la marca Yakua, perteneciente a la empresa Native For You, como líder en la exportación de polvo de yacón orgánico en Alemania. Esto se logrará resaltando sus propiedades naturales, su compromiso con la sostenibilidad y su alineación con las tendencias actuales del mercado. El plan de marketing abarca un análisis de la situación actual, estrategias de marketing, planes de acción y mecanismos de control para llevar a cabo la internacionalización de la marca "Native For You" y su producto, el polvo de yacón orgánico, en el mercado alemán. En resumen, este trabajo busca capitalizar el potencial del yacón peruano en un mercado internacional mediante una estrategia de marketing sólida y bien fundamentada.Trabajo de fin de máste

La Alianza del Pacífico en su dimensión económica y comercial

Treballs finals del Màster "Estudios Internacionales: organizaciones internacionales y cooperación – Colección Memorias MEI", Facultat de Dret, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2021-2022. Tutor: Anna Badia MartíEl presente trabajo de investigación tiene como foco principal valorar y comprender acerca de uno de los procesos regionales de integración más relevantes de Latinoamérica, el cual ha sido denominado como “La Alianza del Pacífico (AP)”, definida como una iniciativa de integración, la cual está compuesta por: Colombia, México, Chile y Perú, en la cual se busca la libre movilidad de bienes, capitales, servicios y personas para la construcción de un área que contribuya a la competitividad, desarrollo y crecimiento de sus economías, convirtiéndose en una sustentable plataforma para el mundo, con especial horizonte en la región del Asia Pacífico. Asimismo, el estudio de investigación presenta un análisis crítico de la AP en función de sus dimensiones económicas y comerciales. No obstante, para el desarrollo del estudio, se parte del análisis en el proceso de establecimiento del acuerdo, entendiéndose sus antecedentes, instrumentos jurídicos, organización, estructura y funcionamiento, seguido del desarrollo en la incidencia económica y comercial de los países que la integran, para posteriormente evaluar los avances en el proceso de integración desde lo comercial y económico y finalizar con los próximos desafíos que enfrentará la AP desde el funcionamiento interno y el escenario internacional. Cabe señalar, que, la metodología que ha sido empleada en el desarrollo de la investigación es de tipo cualitativa, y aplica procedimientos interpretativos y analíticos, basados en el análisis de la literatura presentada a través de: libros, monografías, revistas científicas y otros, así como también cuantitativa en el marco de la utilización de estadística especializada. Como resultado de este análisis, se concluye que la AP se ha convertido en un exitoso bloque regional, que le ha permitido articular importantes logros en materia económica y comercial, posicionándose como una plataforma dinámica, innovadora y potencialmente beneficiosa para fomentar oportunidades entre los ciudadanos