Fractional Calculus: Historical Notes Apuntes Históricos del Cálculo Fraccionario

En este trabajo, presentamos algunos apuntes históricos del cálculo fraccionario Local, y destacamos algunas propiedades y aplicaciones de estas nuevas herramientas matemicasIn this paper, we present some historical notes to Generalized Calculus, sometimes called Local Fractional Calculus, and highlight some properties and applications of these new mathematical tool

Population health diagnosis with an ecohealth approach

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of health diagnosis according to the ecohealth approach in rural and urban communities in Mexico.METHODS Health diagnosis were conducted in La Nopalera, from December 2007 to October 2008, and in Atlihuayan, from December 2010 to October 2011. The research was based on three principles of the ecohealth approach: transdisciplinarity, community participation, gender and equity. To collect information, a joint methodology and several techniques were used to stimulate the participation of inhabitants. The diagnostic exercise was carried out in five phases that went from collecting information to prioritization of problems.RESULTS The constitution of the transdisciplinary team, as well as the participation of the population and the principle of gender/equity were differentials between the communities. In the rural community, the active participation of inhabitants and authorities was achieved and the principles of transdisciplinarity and gender/equity were incorporated.CONCLUSIONS With all the difficulties that entails the boost in participation, the incorporation of gender/equity and transdisciplinarity in health diagnosis allowed a holistic public health approach closer to the needs of the population.The constitution of the transdisciplinary team, as well as the participation of the population and the principle of gender/equity were differentials between the communities. In the rural community, the active participation of inhabitants and authorities was achieved and the principles of transdisciplinarity and gender/equity were incorporatedOBJETIVO Analizar las características del diagnóstico de salud según el enfoque de ecosalud en comunidades rural y urbana en México.MÉTODOS Los diagnósticos de salud se efectuaron en La Nopalera, de diciembre 2007 a octubre 2008 y en Atlihuayan de diciembre 2010 a octubre de 2011. Se basó en tres principios del enfoque de ecosalud: transdiciplina, participación comunitaria, género y equidad. Para colectar la información se utilizó una metodología mixta y diversas técnicas para estimular la participación de los habitantes. El ejercicio de diagnóstico se efectuó en cinco fases que oscilaron desde la recolección de información hasta la priorización de problemas.RESULTADOS La constitución del equipo transdisciplinario, así como la participación de la población y el principio de género/equidad fue diferencial entre las comunidades. En la comunidad rural, se logró la participación activa de los pobladores y autoridades y se incorporaron los principios de transdisciplina y género/equidad.CONCLUSIONES Con todas las dificultades que acarrea el impulso de la participación, la incorporación del género/equidad y la transdisciplina en el diagnóstico de salud, permitió un abordaje holístico de salud pública más cercano a las necesidades de la población

Primer reporte de enemigos naturales y parasitismo sobre Diaphorina citri Kuwayama en Sinaloa, México | First report of natural enemies and parasitism of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama en Sinaloa, México

El psílido asiático de los cítricos Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) es un insecto plaga de importancia cuarentenaria, vector de la proteobacteria Candidatus Liberibacter que causa la enfermedad huanglongbing. La búsqueda de enemigos naturales de D. citri se hizo en los municipios de Ahome, Guasave, Salvador Alvarado y Culiacán, Sinaloa. Se realizaron muestreos a intervalos de 3 a 7 días de junio a noviembre de 2007, en plantas de cítricos y de limonaria Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. Se identificaron seis enemigos naturales de D. citri: Chrysoperla comanche (Banks), Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), Diaphorencyrtus sp., y Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Este último causo parasitismo natural de 0 a 59,6% y su abundancia relativa fue 95,5%. La abundancia relativa de las catarinitas C. sanguinea y O. v-nigrum fue 30,8% superior a la de las especies de crisopa. Los resultados presentados en este estudio son el primer reporte formal de enemigos naturales del psílido asiático de los cítricos en Sinaloa, México, algunos de los cuales pueden ser considerados para implementar su control biológico. Palabras clave: Enemigos naturales, depredadores, parasitoides, psílido, huanglongbing, México ABSTRACT The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an insect pest of quarantine, vector of Candidatus Liberibacter proteobacteria that cause disease huanglongbing. The search for natural enemies of D. citri was done in the municipalities of Ahome, Guasave, Salvador Alvarado and Culiacan, Sinaloa. Samplings were made at intervals of 3 to 7 days, from June to November 2007, in citrus plants and lemon grass Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. We identified six natural enemies of D. citri: Chrysoperla comanche (Banks), Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), Diaphorencyrtus sp., and Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). The last specie caused natural parasitism from 0 to 59.6% and their relative abundance was 95.5%. The relative abundance of beetles C. sanguinea and O. v-nigrum was 30.8% higher than in lacewing species. The results presented in this study are the first formal report of natural enemies of the Asian citrus psyllid in Sinaloa, Mexico, some of which can be used to implement biological control. Key words: Natural enemies, predators, parasitoids, psyllid, huanglongbing, Méxic

Inteligencias múltiples de Gardner aplicadas en el sistema de educación superior

La implementación de la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples de Gardner en la educación superior puede contribuir a un currículo más inclusivo y diverso. Al incorporar diferentes perspectivas y enfoques que se alinean con diversas inteligencias, los educadores pueden crear un entorno de aprendizaje que se adapte a los diversos orígenes y estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Esto promueve la comprensión cultural, la empatía y el aprecio por las diferentes formas de pensar y resolver problemas. La aplicación de la teoría de las inteligencias múltiples de Gardner en el sistema de educación superior ha demostrado ser un enfoque beneficioso para mejorar el aprendizaje y el desarrollo de los estudiantes. Esta teoría sugiere que la inteligencia no se limita a una sola medida, como el coeficiente intelectual, sino que abarca varias habilidades y destrezas que poseen los individuos

Expression of Constitutively Active Raf-1 in the Mitochondria Restores Antiapoptotic and Leukemogenic Potential of a Transformation-deficient BCR/ABL Mutant

The oncogenic BCR/ABL protein protects hematopoietic cells from apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation, but the mechanisms are only partially understood. A BCR/ABL mutant lacking amino acids 176–426 in the BCR domain (p185ΔBCR) failed to protect interleukin 3–deprived 32Dcl3 myeloid precursor cells from apoptosis, although it possessed tyrosine kinase activity and was capable of activating the Ras-Raf-MAP kinase pathway. Compared to p185 wild-type transfectants, p185ΔBCR-transfected cells showed markedly reduced levels of Bcl-2 and expressed the hypophosphorylated, proapoptotic form of BAD. Bcl-2 expression in the mitochondrial fraction of p185ΔBCR cells was also markedly diminished and mitochondrial RAF was undetectable. In p185ΔBCR cells transfected with a mitochondria-targeted, constitutively active RAF (M-Raf) BAD was expressed in the hyperphosphorylated form and released from the mitochondria into the cytosol. p185ΔBCR/M-Raf–transfected cells were completely resistant to apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation in vitro. Moreover, constitutive expression of dominant-negative M-Raf (K375W) enhanced the susceptibility of 32Dcl3 cells expressing wild-type BCR/ABL to apoptosis. In severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, p185ΔBCR/M-Raf double transfectants were leukemogenic, whereas cells expressing only p185ΔBCR showed no leukemogenic potential. Together, these data support the existence of a BCR/ABL-dependent pathway that leads to expression of an active RAF in the mitochondria and promotes antiapoptotic and leukemia-inducing effects of BCR/ABL

Prenatal Exposure to Nitrogen Oxides and its Association with Birth Weight in a Cohort of Mexican Newborns from Morelos, Mexico

Background: The Child-Mother binomial is potentially susceptible to the toxic effects of pollutants because some chemicals interfere with placental transfer of nutrients, thus affecting fetal development, and create an increased the risk of low birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. Objective: To evaluate the impact of prenatal exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx) on birth weight in a cohort of Mexican newborns. Methodology: We included 745 mother-child pair participants of the POSGRAD cohort study. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, health history and environmental exposure during pregnancy were readily available and the newborns’ anthropometric measurements were obtained at delivery. Prenatal NOx exposure assessment was evaluated using a Land-Use Regression predictive models considering local monitoring from 60 sites on the State of Morelos. The association between prenatal exposure to NOx and birth weight was estimated using a multivariate linear regression models. Results: The average birth weight was 3217 ± 439 g and the mean of NOx concentration was 21 ppb (Interquartile range, IQR = 6.95 ppb). After adjusting for maternal age and other confounders, a significant birthweight reduction was observed for each IQR of NOx increase (ß = −39.61 g, 95% CI: −77.00; −2.21; p = 0.04). Conclusions: Our results provides evidence that prenatal NOx exposure has a negative effect on birth weight, which may influence the growth and future development of the newborn.<p

A BCR-ABL Mutant Lacking Direct Binding Sites for the GRB2, CBL and CRKL Adapter Proteins Fails to Induce Leukemia in Mice

The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase is the defining feature of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and its kinase activity is required for induction of this disease. Current thinking holds that BCR-ABL forms a multi-protein complex that incorporates several substrates and adaptor proteins and is stabilized by multiple direct and indirect interactions. Signaling output from this highly redundant network leads to cellular transformation. Proteins known to be associated with BCR-ABL in this complex include: GRB2, c-CBL, p62DOK, and CRKL. These proteins in turn, link BCR-ABL to various signaling pathways indicated in cellular transformation. In this study we show that a triple mutant of BCR-ABL with mutations of the direct binding sites for GRB2, CBL, p62DOK and CRKL, is defective for transformation of primary hematopoietic cells in vitro and in a murine CML model, while it retains the capacity to induce IL-3 independence in 32D cells. Compared to BCR-ABL, the triple mutant's ability to activate the MAP kinase and PI3-kinase pathways is severely compromised, while STAT5 phosphorylation is maintained, suggesting that the former are crucial for the transformation of primary cells, but dispensable for transformation of factor dependent cell lines. Our data suggest that inhibition of BCR-ABL-induced leukemia by disrupting protein interactions could be possible, but would require blocking of multiple sites