Rational and sustainable procedure in the design of bridges using pre-stressed concrete beams a theoretical practical method

Currently there is not a direct procedure for the design of this bridge system, the procedure is still based on trial and error, there are no studies that give us both the optimum number of beams and other characteristics such as the correct thickness of the slab or its adequate strength. Keeping in mind the concept of optimization, which supports the idea of sustainability and environmentally friendly structures, we apply this concept to the design of pre-stressed concrete girder bridges, which are an integral part of the road network in most countries of the world. Knowing also that concrete is the most produced material by man and that without it, it would be difficult to understand our current world, due to its own characteristics that make it unique when it comes to sustainability, however, its production requires energy and material consumption, that is why an optimal design of a superstructure will lead to the minimum consumption of materials obtaining a more friendly design with nature. It is a global necessity to obtain and deliver concrete structures that meet the conditions of sustainability

Diseño de una barra modular desmontable para servir bebidas

Treball final de Grau en Enginyeria en Disseny Industrial i Desenvolupament de Productes. Codi: DI1048. Curs acadèmic: 2017/2018Este proyecto tiene como finalidad el diseño y desarrollo de una barra de coctelería portátil. De manera que, se diseñe un producto con buenas prestaciones funcionales pero teniendo en cuenta la estética, debido a que es muy importante para el uso y venta de este tipo de productos. El objetivo es crear un diseño que mejore y simplifique las prestaciones de este tipo de barras, reduciendo el número de piezas para simplificar el montaje, teniendo distintas posiciones de uso, versatilidad de piezas, siendo un producto modular y que sea de fácil transporte y almacenaje. Muchas de las barras portátiles desmontables que existen en el mercado son de algunas marcas de bebidas y no se comercializan. Las pocas barras que están en venta al público no son desmontables, y si lo son, son muy caras y además no se ha tenido en cuenta la estética, solo la funcionalidad, por tanto no son muy solicitadas por la gente

The constrained air transport energy paradigm in 2021

The increasing relevance of air transport as a contributor to climate change requires the development of emissions reduction technologies in a socio-economic and cultural context, where demand and air traffic have traditionally held sustained growth rates. However, the irruption of COVID-19 in 2020 has had an enormous negative impact on air travel demand and traffic volumes. Coincidentally, during 2020, new technology proposals for emissions reduction based on use of hydrogen and synthetic fuels have emerged from the aviation stake holders. By following a novel approach connecting the analysis of expectations of technology developments and their deployment into the fleet to market constraints, this study discusses how, even considering the new technology proposals and even if the COVID-19 has led to a completely different scenario in tourism and aviation, the air transport energy paradigm will remain unchanged in the upcoming decades as a consequence of market constraints, aircraft complexity, compliance with safety requirements, and extended life cycles. In this frame, aviation needs to keep on pursuing the abatement of its emissions while managing social expectations in a realistic manner and leaning on compensation schemes to achieve emissions contention while new technologies become serviceable in the longer term

Molecular Docking in Halogen Bonding

Molecular modeling applies several computational chemistry tools as molecular docking; this latter has been useful in medicinal chemistry for prediction of interactions between small ligands and biological targets measuring angles, enthalpy and other physical-chemical properties involved in the supramolecular entities. In this chapter, we present molecular docking advances with a perspective to the improvement of parameterization including halogen bonding interactions (XB) and the modification of scoring functions based on halogen sigma-hole polarization. At the same time, we have included the current computational methods to study halogen bonding that increased the accuracy of predicted entities. Finally, we present examples of the main force fields including electronic distribution and modifications for halogen atoms

Ansiedad, depresión y autoestima en población general, transeúntes y consumidores de sustancias adictivas

Los trastornos por uso de sustancias coexisten en algunos pacientes con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas de ansiedad y del estado de ánimo, a su vez variables como la autoestima guardan una estrecha relación en el curso y evolución de éstos. En el presente estudio se investiga los trastornos por consumo de sustancias, el transeuntismo y los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y autoestima. La investigación se desarrolla en la ciudad de Castellón con un total de 258 sujetos, divididos en un grupo clínico subdividido en consumidores de cocaína, heroína, heroína combinada con cocaína, cannabis, alcohol y sujetos en programa de mantenimiento con metadona (PMM), un grupo de población general y otro grupo de transeúntes, evaluados mediante el cuestionario STAI, BDI, RSES y una entrevista que recoge aspectos biopsicosociales y clínicos. Los resultados mostraron una mayor gravedad clínica en depresión y ansiedad rasgo en consumidores de heroína inhalada, así como una mayor ansiedad estado y menor autoestima en el grupo de transeúntes. Se puede desprender de los resultados que el consumo de sustancias correlaciona con mayores niveles de ansiedad rasgo y depresión, así como la exclusión social con una menor percepción de autoestima y mayor ansiedad estado.Substance use disorders coexist in some patients with different clinical manifestations of anxiety and mood, in turn variables as self-esteem keep a narrow relation in the course and evolution of these. The present study investigates the relationship between the substance use disorders, the homelessness and the levels of anxiety, depression and self-esteem. Research is carried out in the city of Castellón, with a total of 258 subjects, divided into a clinical group subdivided into cocaine, heroin, heroin combined with cocaine, cannabis, alcohol users and patients in methadone maintenance program (MMP), an general population group and a group of homeless, evaluated through the questionnaire STAI, BDI, RSES and an interview that gathers biopsychosocial and clinical aspects. Results showed a more severe clinical depression and trait anxiety in consumers of inhaled heroin, as well as increased state anxiety and lower self-esteem in the group of homeless. It can be inferred from the results that the substance use correlates with higher levels of trait anxiety and depression and social exclusion with a lower perception of self-esteem and increased anxiety state

Utilidad transquirúrgica de la tomografía de coherencia óptica en cirugía vítreo-retiniana

ResumenAntecedentesLa tomografía de coherencia óptica es una herramienta diagnóstica de gran utilidad en diversos padecimientos. Recientemente se ha descrito su uso transquirúrgico, con la intención de mejorar los resultados anatómicos.ObjetivoDeterminar la utilidad y seguridad de la tomografía de coherencia óptica transquirúrgica, en el tratamiento de cirugías de retina y vítreo.Material y métodosSerie de casos prospectiva. Se evalúa la influencia que tiene la imagen de tomografía de coherencia óptica en la toma de decisiones, durante la vitrectomía vía pars plana. Para la obtención de imágenes se utilizó RESCAN 700, un microscopio que cuenta con un tomógrafo de dominio espectral integrado. Al final de cada procedimiento, los cirujanos contestaron un cuestionario para determinar si la imagen tomográfica influyó en la toma de decisiones durante la cirugía.ResultadosFueron intervenidos 13 pacientes mediante vitrectomía pars plana; en 6 de ellos se realizó también cirugía de catarata. En 8 casos, el cirujano consideró que la imagen transoperatoria influyó en la toma de decisiones durante el procedimiento.ConclusionesLa tomografía de coherencia óptica transquirúrgica es un auxiliar diagnóstico, seguro para el paciente, que no influye en el tiempo quirúrgico y que en algunos casos es de utilidad para la optimización del procedimiento en cirugía vítreo-macular.AbstractBackgroundOptical coherence tomography is a useful tool in several diseases. Its intraoperative use with the intention of improving anatomical results has recently been described.PurposeTo determine the usefulness and safety of optical coherence tomography during pars plana vitrectomy for several vitreo-retinal diseases.Material and methodsA prospective case series is reported, in which the decision that influenced the use of the optical coherence tomography imaging during pars plana vitrectomy is evaluated. A RESCAN 700 microscope that includes a spectral domain tomography was used to obtain the images. At the end of each procedure the surgeons completed a questionnaire to determine if the tomographic image had an influence when making decisions during the surgery, or change the decision during the procedure.ResultsThirteen patients with pars plana vitrectomy were included, with cataract surgery also performed in 6 patients. The surgeon considered that the intraoperative image influenced the decision during the procedure in 8 cases.ConclusionIntraoperative optical coherence tompgraphy is helpful for a safe patient diagnosis. It does not affect the surgery time, and in some cases it is useful for optimising the procedure in vitreous-retinal surgery

Orally ingestion of krokodil in Spain: report of a case

El trastorno por uso de krokodil es una de las patologías adictivas con mayores repercusiones orgánicas, principalmente a nivel cutáneo, produciendo una grave y degenerativa necrosis del tejido sanguíneo y muscular. Se trata de un trastorno con escasa prevalencia en España, frente al elevado número de consumidores en otros países como Ucrania o Rusia, si bien se está produciendo una lenta aunque gradual expansión del consumo en países de la Unión Europea y del continente americano. El sencillo proceso de obtención de la sustancia desde la desomorfina, unido a la elevada disponibilidad y bajo coste, configura el proceso de autoabastecimiento de los consumidores. En este artículo revisamos un cuadro clínico, presentando el caso de un paciente que consume krokodil por vía oral.The krokodil use disorder is an addictive pathology with quite severe organic effects, especially at the skin level, that causes severe and degenerative necrosis of blood and muscle tissue. Though this disorder has a low prevalence in Spain, compared to the large number of consumers in other countries such as Ukraine or Russia, its consumption is slowly but gradually expanding in countries of the European Union and America. The simplicity of the process of obtaining the substance from desomorphine, together with its high availability and low cost, contribute toward consumers’ self-sufficiency. This article presents the case of a user of krokodil and reviews the clinical symptoms of oral ingestion.Publicación financiada por Fundación Hospital Provincial de Castellón, referencia CAF-16/017

Full vector magnetic dating of some pyroclastic rocks associated to the Colima volcano, western Mexico

"Se presentan los resultados de un estudio paleomagnético y de magnetismo de rocas realizado en rocas de flujos piroclásticos y algunos fragmentos de cerámica pre-Colombina asociados al complejo Volcánico de Colima. Con la finalidad de estimar la mineralogía magnética y determinar tanto la magnetización remanente característica, así como la intensidad absoluta, se realizó un conjunto de experimentos y mediciones magnéticas. Se reporta una edad absoluta determinada mediante el fechamiento magnético de dos erupciones volcánicas asociadas al volcán Colima (volcán de Fuego). Esta es la primera vez que el modelo de predicción de campo magnético SHADIF.14K, basado en el vector completo (declinación, inclinación y paleointensidad absoluta), es utilizado en depósitos de flujos piroclásticos intercalados con cerámicas. Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan con las edades radiométricas (C14) disponibles y constituyen una determinación más precisa de la edad del momento de enfriamiento de los flujos de lava.""A combined rock-magnetic and paleomagnetic researches were carried out on some pyroclastic rocks and pre-Columbian pottery fragments associated to the Colima Volcanic Complex. A full battery of magnetic measurements was performed in order to estimate magnetic mineralogy and to determine both the directions and absolute intensities of the characteristic remanent magnetization. In this paper we report absolute age determination using magnetic dating for two volcanic eruptions associated to the Colima volcano (Volcán de Fuego). The geomagnetic field prediction model SHA.DIF.14K, based on full vector (declination, inclination and absolute paleointensity), was used for first time in pyroclastic flows deposits and intercalated potteries. The results obtained agree reasonably well with available radiometric (C14) data, them provide a more accurate age determination of the cooling moment for the lava flows.

Fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations are critical for fibrin glue adherence in rat high-risk colon anastomoses

OBJECTIVE: Fibrin glues have not been consistently successful in preventing the dehiscence of high-risk colonic anastomoses. Fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations in glues determine their ability to function as sealants, healers, and/or adhesives. The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of different concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin on bursting pressure, leaks, dehiscence, and morphology of high-risk ischemic colonic anastomoses using fibrin glue in rats. METHODS: Colonic anastomoses in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 250-350 g) treated with fibrin glue containing different concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin were evaluated at post-operative day 5. The interventions were low-risk (normal) or high-risk (ischemic) end-to-end colonic anastomoses using polypropylene sutures and topical application of fibrinogen at high (120 mg/mL) or low (40 mg/mL) concentrations and thrombin at high (1000 IU/mL) or low (500 IU/mL) concentrations. RESULTS: Ischemia alone, anastomosis alone, or both together reduced the bursting pressure. Glues containing a low fibrinogen concentration improved this parameter in all cases. High thrombin in combination with low fibrinogen also improved adherence exclusively in low-risk anastomoses. No differences were detected with respect to macroscopic parameters, histopathology, or hydroxyproline content at 5 days post-anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrin glue with a low fibrinogen content normalizes the bursting pressure of high-risk ischemic left-colon anastomoses in rats at day 5 after surgery