Effects of 28 days of resistance exercise while consuming commercially available pre- and post-workout supplements, NO-Shotgun® and NO-Synthesize® on body composition, muscle strength and mass, markers of protein synthesis, and clinical safety markers in males

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Purpose</p> <p>The effects of 28 days of heavy resistance training while ingesting the pre- and post-workout supplements, NO-Shotgun^®and NO-Synthesize^®were determined on body composition, muscle strength and mass, markers of protein synthesis, and clinical safety markers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Nineteen non-resistance-trained males participated in a resistance training program 4 times/week for 28 days while either ingesting 27 g/day of carbohydrate (CARB) or NO-Shotgun^®30 min pre-exercise and 27 g/day of carbohydrate or NO- Synthesize^®30 min post-exercise (NOSS). Data were analyzed with separate 2 × 2 ANOVA (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Total body mass was increased in both groups (p = 0.001), but not different between groups. Fat mass was unchanged with CARB, but NOSS decreased fat mass (p = 0.026). Both groups increased fat-free mass (p = 0.001); however, the increases were greater with NOSS (p = 0.023). NOSS underwent greater increases in upper-body (p = 0.023) and lower-body (p = 0.035) strength than CARB. Myofibrillar protein significantly increased in both groups (p = 0.041), with NOSS being greater than CARB (p = 0.049). All of the MHC isoforms were significantly increased in both groups; however, NOSS was greater than CARB for MHC 1 (p = 0.013) and MHC 2A (p = 0.046). All of the myogenic regulatory factors were significantly increased in both groups; however, NOSS was greater than CARB for Myo-D (p = 0.038) and MRF-4 (p = 0.001). For the whole blood and serum clinical chemistry markers, all variables remained within normal clinical ranges.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Heavy resistance training for 28 days, with NO-Shotgun^®and NO-Synthesize^®ingested before and after exercise, respectively, significantly improved body composition and increased muscle mass and performance without abnormally impacting any of the clinical chemistry markers.</p

Ideal cardiovascular health and peripheral artery disease in African Americans: Results from the Jackson Heart Study

We sought to determine the association of Life's Simple Seven (LSS) with peripheral artery disease (PAD) in African Americans. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data (2000–2004) from subjects participating in the Jackson Heart Study. African American men and women (N = 4403) age 35–84 years participated in the study. PAD was defined by an ankle-brachial index (ABI) of <0.9. We assessed frequency of LSS (body mass index [BMI], blood pressure, total cholesterol, glucose, dietary habits, physical activity, and smoking) among participants with and without PAD. LSS variables were categorized as ideal, intermediate, or poor to indicate a participant's health status. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to assess the association of PAD with LSS. PAD was diagnosed in 113 participants (2.6%). The percentage of the cohort meeting criteria for ideal health for each of the seven LSS factors was: 14.2% for BMI, 17.1% for blood pressure, 38.0% for total cholesterol, 72.9% for glucose, 1.0% for dietary habits, 19.2% for physical activity, and 84.6% for smoking. Having ≥3 LSS variables within the category of poor health was associated with elevated odds for PAD (odds ratio (OR) 1.34, 95% CI 1.11–1.63) after adjusting for age. Among African American adults, LSS variables are associated with PAD. Further studies are needed to determine the association of LSS with PAD among other racial/ethnic groups