Saer and the Seasons. On beginnings and endings in the novels of Juan José Saer

En la obra narrativa del escritor argentino Juan José Saer se puede identificar un trabajo particular de la descripción que se funde en la narración como uno de sus elementos constitutivos. En este sentido, el presente artículo plantea que el despliegue de las condiciones espacio-temporales de la llamada “zona” saeriana, trasunto literario de la provincia argentina de Santa Fe, es un elemento fundamental de la narración hasta el punto de posibilitar el comienzo del relato. El trabajo sobre las estaciones y las condiciones del tiempo es de este modo un dispositivo de individuación desde la nada que antecede a la obra y su escritura, y hasta el final de la narración, marcando el intervalo que permitiría en estas obras la posibilidad misma del arte de narrar. In the narrative works of the argentine writer, Juan José Saer, there is special attention paid to description in the narration which is based on the story as one of its constituent elements. In that sense, this article proposes that the unfolding of the space-time conditions of the socalled Saerian “zone,” a faithful literary representation of the Argentine province of Santa Fe, is a fundamental element of the narration to the point that makes possible the beginning of the story. Saer’s work with seasons and weather conditions is, in this way, a device for individuation from nothingness that precedes the work and the writing of it, and until the end of the narrative, marking the range allowed in these works the very possibility of storytelling.Fil: Vergara Correa, Pablo Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto de Literatura Hispanoamericana; Argentin

Service regulations, input prices and export volumes : evidence from a panel of manufacturing firms

Utilizando datos de panel, este trabajo muestra que una mejor regulación en el sector servicios reduce el precio de los consumos intermedios que soportan las empresas de manufacturas, especialmente aquellas de mayor tamaño. El beneficio de un marco regulatorio que fomenta la competencia en el sector servicios se extiende a los mercados internacionales. Entre 1991 y 2007, las reformas en servicios habrían permitido a las grandes compañías industriales españolas incrementar sus exportaciones reales de bienes alrededor de un 22 % en términos acumulados, a lo largo de este período, frente a un hipotético escenario sin reformas. Más aun, si se hubiera producido la convergencia en materia regulatoria al marco de mejores prácticas en 2007, el volumen de exportación de las grandes empresas hubiera sido un 10 % superior, en términos acumulados, frente al valor observado. No obstante, no se observa evidencia robusta de este efecto en el caso de las pymes. El estudio muestra que el tamaño de la empresa es relevante para estudiar el vínculo que existe entre las reformas regulatorias, los precios de los consumos intermedios y el volumen de exportaciónUsing a panel of firm-level data from Spanish manufacturers, this study shows that better service regulation reduces the price of intermediate inputs paid by downstream firms. The beneficial cost effects of services reforms extend to both large and small-to-medium sized corporations (SMEs), but the former tend to enjoy greater gains. This feature also manifests itself in international markets. We identify an input cost channel through which service regulations affect the volume of exports of large manufacturers, while the evidence of such channel is weaker for SMEs. Our estimates indicate that, from 1991 till 2007, large firms increased their volume of exports by an average of 22% as a result of the direct input cost effect of services reforms, such that the firms that benefited the most typically belonged to industries more dependent on service inputs. Furthermore, convergence to the “best practice” regulatory framework in services would have raised exports at least by an additional 10%. We conclude that firm size is relevant for the connection between services reforms, intermediate input prices and export volume

The node-edge weighted 2-edge connected subgraph problem : linear relaxation, facets and separation

Soit G=(V,E) un graphe non-orienté et 2-arêtes connexe. Chaque arête et sommet de G est muni d'un poids. Le problème du sous-graphe 2-arêtes connexe de poids minimum dans G (2ECSP), est de trouver un sous-graphe 2-arêtes connexe de G tel que la somme des poids sur ses sommets et ses arête soit minimum. Le 2ECSP généralise le problème, bien connu, du sous-graphe Steiner 2-arêtes connexe. Dans cet article, l'enveloppe convexe des vecteurs d'incidences des solutions de 2ECSP est étudiée. Une formulation naturelle du problème par un programme linéaire en nombres entiers est premièrement établie. Il est aussi montré que la relaxation ne suffit pas pour décrire l'enveloppe convexe associée au 2ECSP même dans une classe restreinte comme celle des graphes série-parallèles. Une nouvelle classe d'inégalités valides pour le 2ECSP est introduite. Il est monté qu'une sous-classe de ces inégalités peut être séparée en temps polynomial. Comme conséquence, ces nouvelles inégalités peuvent être séparées en temps polynomial dans la classe des graphes série-parallèles.Optimisation combinatoire;La connexité dans les graphes;Polyèdres

Conocimiento sobre manifestaciones orales del síndrome de Sjögren en estudiantes de Estomatología de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego - Trujillo, 2022

Determinar el conocimiento de los alumnos de 7mo a 10mo de Estomatología de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego sobre el síndrome de Sjögren y sus manifestaciones orales. Trujillo, 2022- 10 Materiales y métodos: El análisis es transversal y observacional. Se realizó en la Escuela de Estomatología de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, como población se evaluó a 170 estudiantes del séptimo al décimo ciclo del semestre 2022- 10, empleando un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se empleó un cuestionario virtual que consta de 10 preguntas para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de Estomatología, el cual previamente fue validado mediante la prueba de V de Aiken cuyo valor fue 0.993 y una confiabilidad de 0.831. Resultados: Encontramos un nivel bueno con una media del 37.06%, 32.94% insuficiente, 21.76% insuficiente, 8.24% muy bueno y 0.00% sobresaliente. Correspondiente al periodo de estudios, se encontró que todos los periodos presentan nivel bueno, menos el octavo ciclo hallándolo en nivel insuficiente. Por consiguiente, se encontró que no hay discrepancia de significancia entre los grupos. Conclusiones: Los alumnos de la Escuela de Estomatología presentaron un nivel bueno sobre conocimiento de las manifestaciones orales del síndrome de Sjögren.To determine the level of knowledge of Stomatology students from the 7th to 10th years of the Antenor Orrego Private University about Sjögren's syndrome and its oral manifestations. Trujillo, 2022-10 Materials and methods: The study is cross-sectional and observational. It was carried out in the Stomatology School of the Antenor Orrego Private University, as a population, 170 students from the seventh to the tenth cycle of the 2022-10 semester were evaluated, using a simple random probabilistic sampling. A virtual questionnaire consisting of 10 questions was used to assess the level of knowledge of Stomatology students, which was previously validated using the Aiken V test whose value was 0.993 and a reliability of 0.831. Results: It was found at a good level with an average of 37.06%, 32.94% insufficient, 21.76% insufficient, 8.24% very good and 0.00% outstanding. Corresponding to the period of study, it was found that all periods present a good level, except for the eighth cycle, which found it to be at an insufficient level. Therefore, it was found that there is no significance discrepancy between the groups. Conclusions: The students of the Stomatology School presented a good level of knowledge of the oral manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome.Tesi

Towards Supremum-Sum Subdifferential Calculus Free of Qualification Conditions

We give a formula for the subdifferential of the sum of two convex functions where one of them is the supremum of an arbitrary family of convex functions. This is carried out under a weak assumption expressing a natural relationship between the lower semicontinuous envelopes of the data functions in the domain of the sum function. We also provide a new rule for the subdifferential of the sum of two convex functions, which uses a strategy of augmenting the involved functions. The main feature of our analysis is that no continuity-type condition is required. Our approach allows us to unify, recover, and extend different results in the recent literature.Research of the first and the second authors is supported by CONICYT grants, Fondecyt 1150909 and 1151003, Basal PFB-03, and Basal FB003. Research of the second and third authors is supported by MINECO of Spain and FEDER of EU, grant MTM2014-59179-C2-1-P. Research of the third author is also supported by the Australian Research Council: Project DP160100854

Subdifferential of the supremum function: moving back and forth between continuous and non-continuous settings

In this paper we establish general formulas for the subdifferential of the pointwise supremum of convex functions, which cover and unify both the compact continuous and the non-compact non-continuous settings. From the non-continuous to the continuous setting, we proceed by a compactification-based approach which leads us to problems having compact index sets and upper semi-continuously indexed mappings, giving rise to new characterizations of the subdifferential of the supremum by means of upper semicontinuous regularized functions and an enlarged compact index set. In the opposite sense, we rewrite the subdifferential of these new regularized functions by using the original data, also leading us to new results on the subdifferential of the supremum. We give two applications in the last section, the first one concerning the nonconvex Fenchel duality, and the second one establishing Fritz-John and KKT conditions in convex semi-infinite programming.Research supported by CONICYT (Fondecyt 1190012 and 1190110), Proyecto/Grant PIA AFB-170001, MICIU of Spain and Universidad de Alicante (Grant Beatriz Galindo BEAGAL 18/00205), and Research Project PGC2018-097960-B-C21 from MICINN, Spain. The research of the third author is also supported by the Australian ARC - Discovery Projects DP 180100602

Evidence from a multicentre randomized controlled study

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Valente de Almeida, Correa and Gonçalves.Objectives: We measure the impacts of an intersectoral intervention tackling adolescent substance use implemented between 2017 and 2019 in a tri-border region of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Methods: The intervention involved 23 institutions from different sectors and 880 adolescents, equally split between randomly selected treatment and control classes across institutions. Treatment group students were involved in the co-development of activities to tackle substance use within their institutions. Both treatment and control group students benefited from the activities developed and implemented from the second year of the intervention. We use difference-in-differences models to measure the impacts of participation in the co-development of the activities on alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis consumption. Results: Adolescents involved in the co-development of activities are 8 pp less likely to consume tobacco and cannabis, and 13 pp less likely to consume alcohol (p (Formula presented.) 0.01), compared to those who only participate in the activities. Among cannabis users, frequent consumption is also reduced by the intervention. Peer frequency of consumption is strongly associated with individual consumption. Conclusion: Co-development of activities by the subjects themselves can be key to decreasing substance use in this very crucial stage of life, especially if the institutions and the implementers are familiar with the area and subjects of the intervention.publishersversionpublishe