The 1600 CE Huaynaputina eruption as a possible trigger for persistent cooling in the North Atlantic region

Paleoclimate reconstructions have identified a period of exceptional summer and winter cooling in the North Atlantic region following the eruption of the tropical volcano Huaynaputina (Peru) in 1600 CE. A previous study based on numerical climate simulations has indicated a potential mechanism for the persistent cooling in a slowdown of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) and consequent ocean–atmosphere feedbacks. To examine whether this mechanism could have been triggered by the Huaynaputina eruption, this study compares the simulations used in the previous study both with and without volcanic forcing and this SPG shift to reconstructions from annual proxies in natural archives and historical written records as well as contemporary historical observations of relevant climate and environmental conditions. These reconstructions and observations demonstrate patterns of cooling and sea-ice expansion consistent with, but not indicative of, an eruption trigger for the proposed SPG slowdown mechanism. The results point to possible improvements in future model–data comparison studies utilizing historical written records. Moreover, we consider historical societal impacts and adaptations associated with the reconstructed climatic and environmental anomalies.This research has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. P2BEP1_175214), the Swiss National Science Foundation through the SNSF Sinergia CALDERA project (grant no. CRSII5_183571), the Spanish Sci-ence and Innovation Ministry (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) through the STREAM project (grant no. PID2020-114746GBI00), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique – FNRS and the FWO under the Excellence of Science (EOS) program through the PARAMOUR project (grant no. O0100718F, EOS ID no. 30454083), and the Georgetown Environment Initiative.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The Grizzly, October 4, 2018

We Ought to Listen : Professors Gather with Students to Watch Kavanaugh-Ford Hearings • Where\u27s the Money?: Students Reflect on Their Unpaid and Paid Summer Internship Experiences • How Students Feel About Tuition Increases (Badly): Paying for School can be Stressful • Where Does Your Tuition Go? • Students Investing Real Money • Opinions: A Look Back at the 2008 Financial Crisis; Real Cost of Applying to Medical Schools; Division I Athletes Should Not be Paid • Hunter Tabbed for Associate ADhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1603/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 11, 2018

Student Athletes Distressed by Possible NCAA Violations • Clinica de Migrantes Screens on Campus • Externship Deadline is Rapidly Approaching • Ursinus\u27 Website Receives a New Makeover • Sigma Rho Lambda: Past, Present, Future • Finding Truth: 12 Angry Jurors • Opinions: Juuls Shouldn\u27t be Marketed to Teenagers; Family Separations a Lingering Problem • Ursinus Mourns Loss of Coach Racich • Men\u27s Golf Flourishes in its Opening Matcheshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1604/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, September 13, 2018

Reim Time? Not Until After 8 P.M. • Welcoming the New Chaplain and Director of Religious and Spiritual Life • Pre-plated Portions Prove Perplexing, Promising? • Ursinus is Crafting a Values Statement • IDC, But They Do: Professors Weigh In On the IDC • Return of the Ursinusaur • Opinion: Betsy DeVos\u27 Proposed Changes Would be Harmful; Elon Musk is Not That Great • Massive First-Year Football Class Adjusts to Life at Ursinus • Field Hockey Aims to Regain Centennial Conference Supremacyhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1936/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 15, 2018

Mythbuster: Student Writer Takes on Medusa and Marginalization • Voter Registration Status Causes Issues for Student Voters on Election Day • Members of the Ursinus Community Gather to Remember Victims of the Tree of Life Shooting • What do UC Political Clubs Think About the Recent Elections? • Why Myrin is Full of Government Documents • Opinions: Choosing Classes Needs to be Less Confusing; We Need to Better Recognize World War I Veterans • Fall Sports Seniors Complete Final Seasons • McDaid Makes Ursinus Cross Country History • Q&A with Mike Moronesehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1608/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, March 1, 2018

Ursinus Administrators Hold Info Session to Discuss Sexual Misconduct Allegations • Collegeville Mayor Reflects on Career in Political Activism • Assistant Dean for International Studies Conducts Study Abroad Research • Multiple Yoga Courses Offered on Campus • Say Yes to Positive Sex Education • Digitizing the Past, Present and Future • Opinions: Respecting Women Requires Questioning Masculinity; Lysistrata is More Than Just a Greek Sex Comedy • Men\u27s Basketball Downed in CC Semifinal • Both UC Tennis Teams Ranked No. 7 in CChttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1639/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, September 20, 2018

Changes to Faculty Parking Disgruntle Students • Berman Opens Two New Exhibits for the Fall Semester • Inclusive Community Fellowships and Grants • Healing Hurt People at the Parlee Center • Two-Legged Dog Runs Away Then Finally Finds Forever Home: Meet Deuce, Professor Scudera\u27s Newest Dog • Help Wanted: UCARE Fall Volunteering Opportunities • Opinions: Greek Life at Ursinus is Dying; Anonymous New York Times Op-Ed is Cowardly • Football Dominates in First Three Games • UC Gymnastics has New Coach in Valentihttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1602/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, September 27, 2018

Ursinus Downs Moravian 21-14, Capping Off a Festive Homecoming Weekend • Ursinus Earns a Spot in the Top 100 Liberal Arts Colleges • Materializing Religious Hatred: The Gospel and the KKK in America • Redesign of Students Page on Ursinus Website • The Grizzly\u27s Forebears: Caffeine Pills and Togas • Fringe Fun: Ursinus\u27 19th Annual Fringe Festival • Opinion: A Personal Perspective on #PlateGate; The Floy Lewis Bakes Center Renovations • Women\u27s Soccer Team Shows Improvement • Volleyball Impresses vs. Tough Teams • Legendary Coach Racich Passes Awayhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1937/thumbnail.jp

clinical recommendations from the european society for sexual medicine exploring partner expectations satisfaction in male and phalloplasty cohorts the impact of penile length girth and implant type reservoir placement and the influence of comorbidities and social circumstances

Abstract Introduction To date, several aspects of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgical procedure have been poorly studied. Aim The aim of this study was to review the evidence associated with IPP implantation and provide clinical recommendations on behalf of the European Society for Sexual Medicine (ESSM). Overall, 130 peer-reviewed studies and systematic reviews, which were published from 2007−2018 in the English language, were included. Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and open-label prospective and retrospective studies. Main Outcome Measure The panel provided statements exploring patients and partner expectations, satisfaction in male and phalloplasty cohorts, the impact of penile length, girth and implant type, reservoir placement, the influence of comorbidities, and social circumstances. Levels of evidence were provided according to the Oxford 2011 criteria and graded as for the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine recommendations. Results In the preoperative setting, it is fundamental to identify and interact with difficult patients with the intention of enhancing the surgeon's ability to establish the surgeon-patient relationship, reduce physical and legal risk, as well as enhancing patient satisfaction. To address this need, the mnemonic Compulsive, Unrealistic, Revision, Surgeon Shopping, Entitled, Denial, and Psychiatric ("CURSED") has been suggested to identify patients who are at high risk of dissatisfaction. The current recommendations suggest improving glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Available evidence suggests evaluating transplant recipients with the criteria of Barry, consisting of stable graft function for >6 months, avoidance of intra-abdominal reservoir placement, and low-dose immunosuppression. HIV status does not represent a contraindication for surgery. Smoking, peripheral vascular disease, and hypertension may be associated with an increased risk of revision surgery. Patients with spinal cord injury may receive IPP. Patients aged ≥70 years, as well as obese patients, can be offered IPP. The IPP implantation can be performed in patients with stable Peyronie's disease. Ectopic high submuscular reservoir placement can be considered as an alternative method. Clinical Implications There is a relevant lack of high-level data and definite conclusions in certain areas remain difficult to draw. Strength & Limitations All studies have been evaluated by a panel of experts providing recommendations for clinical practice. Because of lack of sufficient prospective data, some of the included studies are retrospective and this could be stated as a limitation. Conclusion This ESSM position statement provides recommendations on optimization of patient outcome by patient selection, and individualized peri- and intra-operative management. ESSM encourages centers to collaborate and to create prospective, multicenter registries in order to address this topic of increasing importance. Osmonov D, Christopher AN, Blecher GA, et al. Clinical Recommendations from the European Society for Sexual Medicine Exploring Partner Expectations, Satisfaction in Male and Phalloplasty Cohorts, the Impact of Penile Length, Girth and Implant Type, Reservoir Placement, and the Influence of Comorbidities and Social Circumstances. J Sex Med 2019;XX:XXX–XXX