Apelin Enhances the Effects of Fusobacterium nucleatum on Periodontal Ligament Cells In Vitro.

This study aimed to explore effects of Fusobacterium nucleatum with or without apelin on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells to better understand pathomechanistic links between periodontitis and obesity. First, the actions of F. nucleatum on COX2, CCL2, and MMP1 expressions were assessed. Subsequently, PDL cells were incubated with F. nucleatum in the presence and absence of apelin to study the modulatory effects of this adipokine on molecules related to inflammation and hard and soft tissue turnover. Regulation of apelin and its receptor (APJ) by F. nucleatum was also studied. F. nucleatum resulted in elevated COX2, CCL2, and MMP1 expressions in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Combination of F. nucleatum and apelin led to the highest (p < 0.05) expression levels of COX2, CCL2, CXCL8, TNF-α, and MMP1 at 48 h. The effects of F. nucleatum and/or apelin on CCL2 and MMP1 were MEK1/2- and partially NF-κB-dependent. The combined effects of F. nucleatum and apelin on CCL2 and MMP1 were also observed at protein level. Moreover, F. nucleatum downregulated (p < 0.05) the apelin and APJ expressions. In conclusion, obesity could contribute to periodontitis through apelin. The local production of apelin/APJ in PDL cells also suggests a role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of periodontitis

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Regularidades cinéticas en el proceso de reducción conjunta de óxidos de níquel y de reducción conjunta de óxidos de níquel y de hierro en condiciones no isotérmicas

Peer reviewe

Regularidades cinéticas en el proceso de reducción conjunta de óxidos de níquel y de reducción conjunta de óxidos de níquel y de hierro en condiciones no isotérmicas

Peer reviewe

Experiencia en pacientes geriátricos del servicio de Gastrocirugía en el Hospital Español de México 2013-2019. Gastrocirugía en pacientes geriátricos: experiencia de 5 años

Resumen: Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población es uno de los fenómenos sociales más estudiados y de mayor impacto de este siglo. Hasta el 25% de todos los ingresos de urgencia al hospital pueden ser por patologías que corresponden a cirugía general. Objetivos: Mostrar la experiencia del Servicio de Gastrocirugía del Hospital Español de México en pacientes mayores de 65 años. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y analítico, en donde se incluyeron 595 expedientes de pacientes geriátricos que fueron sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos desde noviembre de 2013 a febrero de 2019. Resultados: El 52% (309) eran hombres y el 48% (286) mujeres, con una media de edad de 75.38 años, moda de 73 años, con una máxima de 100 años. La estancia intrahospitalaria promedio fue de 4.5 días. Las complicaciones posquirúrgicas se presentaron en el 12.77%; de ellas, el 3.02% fueron graves. La reoperación fue necesaria en 13 pacientes (0.02%). La mortalidad perioperatoria fue del 2.02%. Conclusiones: Encontramos una morbimortalidad similar a la reportada en la literatura en los procedimientos que corresponden a cirugía general en nuestra serie y una proporción significativa de pacientes operados por vía laparoscópica en el periodo estudiado. Abstract: Introduction: The aging of the population is one of the most widely studied and impactful social phenomena of this century. Up to 25% of all emergency hospital admissions can be due to diseases that require general surgery. Aims: To describe the experience at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Hospital Español, Mexico, in patients above 65 years of age. Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational, analytic, and cross-sectional study was conducted that included 595 medical records of geriatric patients that underwent surgical procedures, within the time frame of November 2013 and February 2019. Results: A total of 52% (309) of the patients were men and 48% (286) were women. Mean patient age was 75.38 years, with a mode of 73 years, and a maximum age of 100 years. Mean hospital stay was 4.5 days. Postoperative complications presented in 12.77% of the patients, 3.02% of which were severe. Reoperation was required in 13 patients (0.02%). The perioperative mortality rate was 2.02%. Conclusions: The morbidity and mortality rates of the procedures that corresponded to general surgery in our case series were similar to those reported in the literature. A statistically significant number of patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, within the study period

Experience in geriatric patients at the Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of the Hospital Español, Mexico, 2013–2019. Five-year experience in GI surgery in geriatric patients

Introduction: The aging of the population is one of the most widely studied and impactful social phenomena of this century. Up to 25% of all emergency hospital admissions can be due to diseases that require general surgery. Aims: To describe the experience at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Hospital Español, Mexico, in patients above 65 years of age. Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational, analytic, and cross-sectional study was conducted that included 595 medical records of geriatric patients that underwent surgical procedures, within the time frame of November 2013 and February 2019. Results: A total of 52% (309) of the patients were men and 48% (286) were women. Mean patient age was 75.38 years, with a mode of 73 years, and a maximum age of 100 years. Mean hospital stay was 4.5 days. Postoperative complications presented in 12.77% of the patients, 3.02% of which were severe. Reoperation was required in 13 patients (0.02%). The perioperative mortality rate was 2.02%. Conclusions: The morbidity and mortality rates of the procedures that corresponded to general surgery in our case series were similar to those reported in the literature. A statistically significant number of patients underwent laparoscopic surgery, within the study period. Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: El envejecimiento de la población es uno de los fenómenos sociales más estudiados y de mayor impacto de este siglo. Hasta el 25% de todos los ingresos de urgencia al hospital pueden ser por patologías que corresponden a cirugía general. Objetivos: Mostrar la experiencia del Servicio de Gastrocirugía del Hospital Español de México en pacientes mayores de 65 años. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y analítico, en donde se incluyeron 595 expedientes de pacientes geriátricos que fueron sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos de noviembre 2013 a febrero 2019. Resultados: 52% (309) de hombres y 48% (286) mujeres, con media de edad de 75.38 años, moda de 73 años, con una máxima de 100 años. La estancia intrahospitalaria promedio fue de 4.5 días. Las complicaciones postquirúrgicas se presentaron en el 12.77%, de ellas 3.02% fueron graves. La reoperación fue necesaria en 13 pacientes (0.02%). La mortalidad perioperatoria fue de 2.02%. Conclusiones: Encontramos una morbi-mortalidad similar a la reportada en la literatura en los procedimientos que corresponden a Cirugía General en nuestra serie y una proporción significativa de pacientes operados por vía laparoscópica en el periodo estudiado

Estrategias de resolución del PASAT en pacientes con Esclerosis Múltiple y viabilidad de una versión corta del test

The PASAT is probably the most used neuropsychological tool in the clinical practice with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. This study intends to analyze strategies in the resolution of the PASAT and to establish the sensibility of short versions of 30 and 20 items each. Method: 38 patients with Relapsing Remitting MS (RRMS) and 32 healthy controls with similar age and years of education were assessed with a neuropsychological battery. Results: There was a significant difference in PASAT-3 between MS and control group in the total correct answers (Z = -2,714, p = ,007), chunkings (Z = -2,478, p = ,013) and dyads (Z = -2,647, p = ,008). Effect sizes were moderate. In relation to the original 60 items version, the 30 items version demonstrated an 85% of sensibility with only two false negatives and the 20 items version demonstrated a 57% of sensibility. Discussion: Punctuation of chunks and dyads is useful for the assessment of resolution strategies of the test. The short version of 30 items is appropriate for its use in clinical neuropsychology.El PASAT es una herramienta de evaluación neuropsicológica frecuentemente implementada en la clínica de pacientes con Esclero-sis Múltiple (EM). Este estudio se propone analizar las estrategias de resolución del PASAT y establecer la sensibilidad de una ver-sión corta de 30 ítems y otra de 20 ítems en pacientes con EM. Metodología: Se administró una batería neuropsicológica a 38 pa-cientes con EM curso recaídas y remisiones y 32 voluntarios sanos de similar edad y escolaridad. Resultados: El PASAT-3 diferenció significativamente el grupo EM del grupo control en el total de respuestas correctas (Z = -2,714, p = ,007), chunkings (Z = -2,478, p = ,013) y díadas (Z = -2,647, p = ,008). El efecto de tamaño para todos los puntajes fue moderado. Respecto de la versión de 60 ítems, la versión de 30 ítems demostró una sensibilidad del 85%, con solo dos falsos negativos y la versión de 20 ítems logró una sensibili-dad del 57%. Discusión: La puntuación de chunks y díadas es útil para medir las estrategias de resolución de la tarea. La versión corta del test de 30 ítems es una medida apropiada para su uso en la clínica neuropsicológica