Avaliação da dieta dos acadêmicos do curso de educação fí­sica

An individual's diet is related to their health and their degree of clarification. Young people, in search of a better physical shape, try to practice different physical activities and, to maximize results, some acquire an improper diet, with a specific diet without the proper guidance of the nutritionist. This work aims to outline the dietary profile of Physical Education students, to understand students' knowledge about nutritional practices. For this, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted with students from the first to the eighth semester of the Physical Education course at a college in Feira de Santana, Bahia, in 2019. As a result, a high prevalence of habits was identified inadequate food, with the percentage of dieters with low nutritional monitoring. Another worrying finding was the number of respondents stating that graduation in Physical Education gave them the competence to prescribe diets. It was observed, through food consumption, that the interviewees have a diet composed of basic foods, based on rice and beans. The low consumption of fruits and vegetables is emphasized, a premise found by the percentage in the responses of respondents in the survey. Thus, it is inferred that physical educators must understand the limits of their performance, recognizing the multidisciplinary in body care, using the nutritionist for a correct management of sports nutrition.La dieta de un individuo está directamente relacionada con su salud y su nivel de iluminación. Los jóvenes, en busca de una mejor forma física, buscan practicar diferentes actividades físicas y, para maximizar los resultados, algunos adquieren una alimentación inadecuada, con una dieta específica sin la debida orientación del nutricionista. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo rastrear el perfil dietético de los estudiantes de Educación Física, con el fin de comprender el conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre las prácticas nutricionales. Para ello, se realizó un estudio epidemiológico transversal con estudiantes del primero al octavo semestre de la carrera de Educación Física en una facultad de Feira de Santana, Bahía, en el año 2019. Como resultado, una alta prevalencia de hábitos Se identificó la alimentación inadecuada y el porcentaje de los que siguen una dieta con bajo seguimiento nutricional. Otro hallazgo preocupante fue el número de encuestados que afirmaron que la carrera de Educación Física les daba competencia para prescribir dietas. Se observó, a través del consumo de alimentos, que los entrevistados tienen una dieta compuesta por alimentos básicos, a base de arroz y frijoles. Se destaca el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras, premisa verificada por el porcentaje en las respuestas de los encuestados en la encuesta. Así, se infiere que los educadores físicos deben comprender los límites de su actuación, reconociendo la multidisciplinariedad en el cuidado del cuerpo, recurriendo al nutricionista para un correcto manejo de la nutrición deportiva.La dieta di un individuo è direttamente correlata alla sua salute e al suo livello di illuminazione. I giovani, alla ricerca di una migliore forma fisica, cercano di praticare diverse attività fisiche e, per massimizzare i risultati, alcuni acquisiscono una dieta scorretta, con una dieta specifica senza un'adeguata guida da parte del nutrizionista. Il presente lavoro si propone di tracciare il profilo alimentare degli studenti di Educazione Fisica, al fine di comprendere le conoscenze degli studenti sulle pratiche nutrizionali. Per questo, è stato condotto uno studio epidemiologico trasversale con gli studenti dal primo all'ottavo semestre del corso di Educazione Fisica presso un college di Feira de Santana, Bahia, nell'anno 2019. Di conseguenza, un'elevata prevalenza di abitudini è stato individuato il cibo inadeguato e la percentuale di coloro che seguono una dieta a basso monitoraggio nutrizionale. Un altro dato preoccupante è stato il numero di intervistati che ha affermato che la laurea in Educazione Fisica ha dato loro la competenza per prescrivere diete. È stato osservato, attraverso il consumo di cibo, che gli intervistati hanno una dieta composta da alimenti di base, a base di riso e fagioli. Si evidenzia il basso consumo di frutta e verdura, premessa verificata dalla percentuale nelle risposte degli intervistati al sondaggio. Si deduce quindi che gli educatori fisici devono comprendere i limiti della propria prestazione, riconoscendo la multidisciplinarietà nella cura del corpo, ricorrendo al nutrizionista per una corretta gestione dell'alimentazione sportiva.A alimentação de um indiví­duo está diretamente relacionada à sua saúde e ao seu grau de esclarecimento. Jovens, em busca de uma melhor forma fí­sica, buscam praticar diferentes atividades fí­sicas e, para maximizar resultados, alguns adquirem uma alimentação imprópria, com dieta especí­fica sem a devida orientação do profissional nutricionista. Este presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar o perfil dietético dos acadêmicos de Educação Fí­sica, a fim de compreender o conhecimento dos discentes sobre práticas nutricionais. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal com os alunos do primeiro a o oitavo semestre do curso de Educação Fí­sica de uma faculdade de Feira de Santana, Bahia, no ano de 2019. Como resultados, foram identificados uma prevalência alta de hábitos alimentares inadequados, sendo o percentual de quem faz dieta com acompanhamento nutricional baixo. Outro achado preocupante foi o quantitativo dos entrevistados afirmando que a graduação em Educação Fí­sica lhes dava a competência para prescrever dietas. Observou-se, atrav´és do consumo alimentar, que os entrevistados possuem uma alimentação composta por alimentos básicos, tendo como base o arroz e o feijão. Ressalta-se o baixo consumo de frutas e verduras, premissa constatada pelo percentual nas respostas dos entrevistados na pesquisa. Assim, infere-se que os educadores fí­sicos devem compreender os limites de sua atuação, reconhecendo a multidisciplinaridade no cuidado com o corpo, recorrendo ao profissional nutricionista para um manejo correto da nutrição esportiva.A alimentação de um indiví­duo está diretamente relacionada à sua saúde e ao seu grau de esclarecimento. Jovens, em busca de uma melhor forma fí­sica, buscam praticar diferentes atividades fí­sicas e, para maximizar resultados, alguns adquirem uma alimentação imprópria, com dieta especí­fica sem a devida orientação do profissional nutricionista. Este presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar o perfil dietético dos acadêmicos de Educação Fí­sica, a fim de compreender o conhecimento dos discentes sobre práticas nutricionais. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal com os alunos do primeiro a o oitavo semestre do curso de Educação Fí­sica de uma faculdade de Feira de Santana, Bahia, no ano de 2019. Como resultados, foram identificados uma prevalência alta de hábitos alimentares inadequados, sendo o percentual de quem faz dieta com acompanhamento nutricional baixo. Outro achado preocupante foi o quantitativo dos entrevistados afirmando que a graduação em Educação Fí­sica lhes dava a competência para prescrever dietas. Observou-se, atrav´és do consumo alimentar, que os entrevistados possuem uma alimentação composta por alimentos básicos, tendo como base o arroz e o feijão. Ressalta-se o baixo consumo de frutas e verduras, premissa constatada pelo percentual nas respostas dos entrevistados na pesquisa. Assim, infere-se que os educadores fí­sicos devem compreender os limites de sua atuação, reconhecendo a multidisciplinaridade no cuidado com o corpo, recorrendo ao profissional nutricionista para um manejo correto da nutrição esportiva

Being physically active leads to better recovery prognosis for people diagnosed with COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

The regular practice of physical activity helps in the prevention and control of several non-communicable diseases. However, evidence on the role of physical activity in mitigating worsening clinical outcomes in people with COVID-19 is still unclear. The aim of this study was to verify whether different levels of physical activity provide protection for clinical outcomes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 adults (43.8 +/- 15.71 years; 61.1% female) with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 residing in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants were interviewed by telephone to determine the severity of the infection and the physical activity performed. Binary logistic regression was used to indicate the odds ratio (OR) of active people reporting less harmful clinical outcomes from COVID-19. Active people had a lower chance of hospitalization, fewer hospitalization days, less respiratory difficulty and needed less oxygen support. The results suggest that active people, compared to sedentary people, have a lower frequency of hospitalization, length of stay, breathing difficulty and need for oxygen support. These results corroborate the importance of public policies to promote the practice of physical activity, in order to mitigate the severity of the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reliable Classifier to Differentiate Primary and Secondary Acute Dengue Infection Based on IgG ELISA

Dengue virus infection causes a wide spectrum of illness, ranging from sub-clinical to severe disease. Severe dengue is associated with sequential viral infections. A strict definition of primary versus secondary dengue infections requires a combination of several tests performed at different stages of the disease, which is not practical.We developed a simple method to classify dengue infections as primary or secondary based on the levels of dengue-specific IgG. A group of 109 dengue infection patients were classified as having primary or secondary dengue infection on the basis of a strict combination of results from assays of antigen-specific IgM and IgG, isolation of virus and detection of the viral genome by PCR tests performed on multiple samples, collected from each patient over a period of 30 days. The dengue-specific IgG levels of all samples from 59 of the patients were analyzed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and one- and two-dimensional classifiers were designed. The one-dimensional classifier was estimated by bolstered resubstitution error estimation to have 75.1% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity. The two-dimensional classifier was designed by taking also into consideration the number of days after the onset of symptoms, with an estimated sensitivity and specificity of 91.64% and 92.46%. The performance of the two-dimensional classifier was validated using an independent test set of standard samples from the remaining 50 patients. The classifications of the independent set of samples determined by the two-dimensional classifiers were further validated by comparing with two other dengue classification methods: hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and an in-house anti-dengue IgG-capture ELISA method. The decisions made with the two-dimensional classifier were in 100% accordance with the HI assay and 96% with the in-house ELISA.Once acute dengue infection has been determined, a 2-D classifier based on common dengue virus IgG kits can reliably distinguish primary and secondary dengue infections. Software for calculation and validation of the 2-D classifier is made available for download

NOTIFICAÇÃO DA VIOLÊNCIA FÍSICA E SEXUAL DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: O PAPEL DO SISTEMA DE VIGILÂNCIA DE VIOLÊNCIAS E ACIDENTES/VIVA

A violência representa um desafio para a saúde pública mundial, considerando as nefastas consequências psicossociais e comportamentais. Objetivo: analisar crianças e adolescentes, vitimas de violência física\VF e sexual|VS, atendidas no Sistema Único de Saúde\SUS. Metodologia: Estudo série de casos, utilizando registros do Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes/VIVA\Salvador/BA, no período 2009 a 2015. Resultados: Foram notificados 5610 casos, 84,3% (4727) VF e 15,7% (883) VS. Para VF, 64,3% das vítimas masculinas e 83,1% femininas, 55,2% - infância e 44,8% - adolescência; Predominou entre pardos e pretos (VF - 92,6%) e (VS - 89,8%). Agressor masculino foi maioria, pessoas conhecidas (29,1% - VF e 44,1% - VS) e familiares (26,7% - VF e 27,2% - VS); força corporal foi mais utilizada; corte/perfuração/laceração foram mais frequentes, em crânio, face e pescoço; 3,5% das crianças e 3,8% dos adolescentes atendidos evoluíram para óbito. Conclusões: Os achados apontaram alta proporção de atendimentos de crianças e adolescentes por violência física e sexual, na Rede de Saúde do SUS, sugerindo que o VIVA representa importante ferramenta de serviço e controle social, cujos indicadores podem contribuir com medidas de atenção para esses agravos

Classification of Dengue Fever Patients Based on Gene Expression Data Using Support Vector Machines

Background: Symptomatic infection by dengue virus (DENV) can range from dengue fever (DF) to dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), however, the determinants of DF or DHF progression are not completely understood. It is hypothesised that host innate immune response factors are involved in modulating the disease outcome and the expression levels of genes involved in this response could be used as early prognostic markers for disease severity. Methodology/Principal Findings: mRNA expression levels of genes involved in DENV innate immune responses were measured using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Here, we present a novel application of the support vector machines (SVM) algorithm to analyze the expression pattern of 12 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 28 dengue patients (13 DHF and 15 DF) during acute viral infection. The SVM model was trained using gene expression data of these genes and achieved the highest accuracy of ,85% with leave-one-out cross-validation. Through selective removal of gene expression data from the SVM model, we have identified seven genes (MYD88, TLR7, TLR3, MDA5, IRF3, IFN-a and CLEC5A) that may be central in differentiating DF patients from DHF, with MYD88 and TLR7 observed to be the most important. Though the individual removal of expression data of five other genes had no impact on the overall accuracy, a significant combined role was observed when the SVM model of the two main genes (MYD88 and TLR7) was re-trained to include the five genes, increasing the overall accuracy to ,96%. Conclusions/Significance: Here, we present a novel use of the SVM algorithm to classify DF and DHF patients, as well as to elucidate the significance of the various genes involved. It was observed that seven genes are critical in classifying DF and DHF patients: TLR3, MDA5, IRF3, IFN-a, CLEC5A, and the two most important MYD88 and TLR7. While these preliminary results are promising, further experimental investigation is necessary to validate their specific roles in dengue disease

Gene Expression Profiling during Early Acute Febrile Stage of Dengue Infection Can Predict the Disease Outcome

Background: We report the detailed development of biomarkers to predict the clinical outcome under dengue infection. Transcriptional signatures from purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells were derived from whole-genome gene-expression microarray data, validated by quantitative PCR and tested in independent samples. Methodology/Principal Findings: The study was performed on patients of a well-characterized dengue cohort from Recife, Brazil. The samples analyzed were collected prospectively from acute febrile dengue patients who evolved with different degrees of disease severity: classic dengue fever or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) samples were compared with similar samples from other non-dengue febrile illnesses. The DHF samples were collected 2-3 days before the presentation of the plasma leakage symptoms. Differentially-expressed genes were selected by univariate statistical tests as well as multivariate classification techniques. The results showed that at early stages of dengue infection, the genes involved in effector mechanisms of innate immune response presented a weaker activation on patients who later developed hemorrhagic fever, whereas the genes involved in apoptosis were expressed in higher levels. Conclusions/Significance: Some of the gene expression signatures displayed estimated accuracy rates of more than 95%, indicating that expression profiling with these signatures may provide a useful means of DHF prognosis at early stages of infection. © 2009 Nascimento et al

Brief Report: Sensorimotor Gating in Idiopathic Autism and Autism Associated with Fragile X Syndrome

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) may useful for exploring the proposed shared neurobiology between idiopathic autism and autism caused by FXS. We compared PPI in four groups: typically developing controls (n = 18), FXS and autism (FXS+A; n = 15), FXS without autism spectrum disorder (FXS−A; n = 17), and idiopathic autism (IA; n = 15). Relative to controls, the FXS+A (p < 0.002) and FXS−A (p < 0.003) groups had impaired PPI. The FXS+A (p < 0.01) and FXS−A (p < 0.03) groups had lower PPI than the IA group. Prolonged startle latency was seen in the IA group. The differing PPI profiles seen in the FXS+A and IA indicates these groups may not share a common neurobiological abnormality of sensorimotor gating

Ecology and genomics of an important crop wild relative as a prelude to agricultural innovation

Domesticated species are impacted in unintended ways during domestication and breeding. Changes in the nature and intensity of selection impart genetic drift, reduce diversity, and increase the frequency of deleterious alleles. Such outcomes constrain our ability to expand the cultivation of crops into environments that differ from those under which domestication occurred. We address this need in chickpea, an important pulse legume, by harnessing the diversity of wild crop relatives. We document an extreme domestication-related genetic bottleneck and decipher the genetic history of wild populations. We provide evidence of ancestral adaptations for seed coat color crypsis, estimate the impact of environment on genetic structure and trait values, and demonstrate variation between wild and cultivated accessions for agronomic properties. A resource of genotyped, association mapping progeny functionally links the wild and cultivated gene pools and is an essential resource chickpea for improvement, while our methods inform collection of other wild crop progenitor species

An experimental study of executive function and social impairment in Cornelia de Lange syndrome

Background Extreme shyness and social anxiety is reported to be characteristic of adolescents and adults with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS); however, the nature of these characteristics is not well documented. In this study, we develop and apply an experimental assessment of social anxiety in a group of adolescents and adults with CdLS to determine the nature of the social difficulties and whether they are related to impairments in executive functioning. Methods A familiar and unfamiliar examiner separately engaged in socially demanding tasks comprising three experimental conditions with a group of individuals with CdLS (n = 25; % male = 44; mean age = 22.16; SD = 8.81) and a comparable group of individuals with Down syndrome (DS; n = 20; % male = 35; mean age = 24.35; SD = 5.97). Behaviours indicative of social anxiety were coded. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool version, an informant measure of executive function, was completed by participants’ caregivers. Results Significantly less verbalisation was observed in the CdLS group than the DS group in conditions requiring the initiation of speech. In the CdLS group, impairments in verbalisation were not associated with a greater degree of intellectual disability but were significantly correlated with impairments in both planning and working memory. This association was not evident in the DS group. Conclusions Adolescents and adults with CdLS have a specific difficulty with the initiation of speech when social demands are placed upon them. This impairment in verbalisation may be underpinned by specific cognitive deficits, although further research is needed to investigate this fully