Individualism-collectivism, values, and help seeking attitudes among Indian and American college students

Uvođenje standarda zemaljske digitalne televizije prve generacije (DVB-T), tj. proces digitalizacije analogne televizije uvelike je doprinio efikasnijem iskorištenju frekvencijskog spektra i poboljšanom pokrivanju televizijskim signalom. Nakon što su iscrpljene sve mogućnosti i varijante prve generacije, krenulo se na razvoj druge generacije. U drugoj generaciji proširen je skup parametara koji se mogu koristiti prilikom projektiranja mreža, kao što su vrsta modulacije, omjeri kodova, zaštitni intervali. Za evaluaciju dizajna mreže koriste se opisani proračuni jačine električnog polja, razine interferencije te odnos signal/šum. Projektiranje radiokomunikacijskih mreža odvija se u nekoliko faza te postoje tri uobičajena načina realizacije projekta (klasični, prototipni, spiralni). Kao praktični dio rada projektirana je DVB-T2 mreža na području Republike Hrvatske. Određeni su svi potrebni parametri za proračune jakosti električnog polja, interferencije i odnosa signal/šum te je izračunat postotak stanovništva Republike Hrvatske pokriven zadovoljavajućom razinom televizijskog signala. Kartografski je prikazan proračun pokrivanja i utjecaj različitih zaštitnih intervala na interferenciju.The introduction of the Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial standard (first generation, DVB-T) and digitisation of the analogue television has greatly contributed to a more efficient utilisation of the frequency spectrum and has also improved network coverage. Once the possibilities and variants of the first generation have been used, the development of the second generation has begun. In the second generation the set of parameters used for designing a network has been expanded; some modulation schemes have been added, also new code rates and guard intervals were introduced. Number of different parameters are used for evaluation of the network design, such as minimum field strength, level of interference, signal to noise ratio. Network planning is often being done throughout several stages while there are three common ways of project realisation (classic, prototype and spiral). As a practical part of the thesis Croatian national DVB-T2 network has been designed. All the network parameters necessary for the calculation of minimum field strength, interference level and signal to noise ratio have been defined. Also, the percentage of the covered population has been calculated. The results are shown using cartographic images of network coverage and interference levels

Relation between lifespan polytrauma typologies and post-trauma mental health

Background: Most individuals experience more than one trauma. Hence, it is important to consider the count and types of traumas (polytraumatization) in relation to post-trauma mental health. Method: The current study examined the relation of polytraumatization patterns to PTSD clusters (intrusions, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood [NACM], and alterations in arousal and reactivity [AAR]), depression, and impulsivity facets (lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, negative urgency, sensation seeking) using a web-based sample of 346 participants. Age, gender, race, and ethnicity were covariates. Results: Results of latent class analyses indicated a three-class solution: Low Experience, Moderate Experience – Predominent Threat/Indirect PTEs (Moderate Experience), and High Experience – Predominant Interpersonal PTEs (High/Interpersonal). Multinomial logistic regression results indicated that ethnicity and gender were significant covariates in predicting Low versus High/Interpersonal Class, and Moderate Experience versus High/Interpersonal Class membership, respectively. The High/Interpersonal Class had higher scores on most PTSD clusters, depression, and the impulsivity facets of lack of perseverance and negative urgency compared to the other classes. The Low and Moderate Experience Classes differed on PTSD\u27s avoidance and AAR clusters (lower in the former). Conclusions: Individuals exposed to multiple PTE types, particularly interpersonal traumas, may be at risk for more severe post-trauma symptoms

Influence of Multiple Traumatic Event Types on Mental Health Outcomes: Does Count Matter?

The experience of potentially traumatizing events (PTEs) may be associated with conflicting outcomes: individuals may experience greater psychological distress (dose-response theory), or individuals may become more resilient against repeated PTEs (stress-inoculation theory). With limited empirical data comparing these theories, we examined the relationships between the count of lifetime PTE types and psychological outcomes [posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, impaired distress tolerance] using linear and quadratic regressions. A linear relationship would support the dose-response theory, and a quadratic relationship would support the stress-inoculation theory. We also explored whether there was a threshold number of PTE types fostering resiliency before an increase of distressing outcomes. The sample included 123 (68.30% female) treatment-seeking patients at a community mental health center participating in a larger study (Contractor et al. in Psychiatry Research, 252, 252215–252222, 2017). Linear regression results indicated number of PTE types significantly predicted increasing PTSD and depression severity and distress tolerance difficulties. Quadratic regression model results were not significant. ROC analyses indicated exposure to at least 3.5 PTE types predicted PTSD with moderate accuracy. In conclusion, the dose-response theory was supported, with results indicating there may be a threshold count of lifetime PTE types (\u3e 3) influencing traumatic stress outcomes

Assessing the mediating role of social support in childhood maltreatment and psychopathology among college students in Northern Ireland

The detrimental impact of early trauma, particularly childhood maltreatment, on mental health is well documented. Although it is understood that social support can act as a protective factor towards mental health for children who experience such adversity, few studies have addressed the experience of childhood maltreatment and the important function of social support in adulthood. The current study aimed to assess the mediating role of social support in the relationship between childhood experiences of maltreatment, and mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression, PTSD and problematic alcohol use in a sample of university students (N= 640). Results of binary logistic regression analyses indicated that those reporting experiences of childhood maltreatment were at increased odds of mental health outcomes of PTSD, anxiety and depression, but not alcohol use. Those reporting greater social support were significantly less likely to report on these mental health outcomes. Additionally, the indirect paths from childhood maltreatment through social support to PTSD, depression and anxiety were all significant, suggesting that social support, particularly family support, is a significant mediator of these relationships. Such findings have important implications for the social care response to children experiencing maltreatment and future support for such children as they transition to adolescence and adulthood

The Relationship Between Negative Expressivity, Anger, and PTSD Symptom Clusters

More investigation is needed to understand how specific posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters relate to the internal experience of anger and overt negative behaviors in response to anger (negative expressivity). We investigated whether anger mediated relations between PTSD symptom clusters and negative expressivity. Multiple regression revealed lower PTSD intrusion symptoms associated with higher levels of negative expressivity. Anger mediated this relationship. Higher avoidance symptoms related to higher negative expressivity. Clinical implications, limitations, and strengths are discussed. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Influence of Multiple Traumatic Event Types on Mental Health Outcomes: Does Count Matter?

The experience of potentially traumatizing events (PTEs) may be associated with conflicting outcomes: individuals may experience greater psychological distress (dose-response theory), or individuals may become more resilient against repeated PTEs (stress-inoculation theory). With limited empirical data comparing these theories, we examined the relationships between the count of lifetime PTE types and psychological outcomes [posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, impaired distress tolerance] using linear and quadratic regressions. A linear relationship would support the dose-response theory, and a quadratic relationship would support the stress-inoculation theory. We also explored whether there was a threshold number of PTE types fostering resiliency before an increase of distressing outcomes. The sample included 123 (68.30% female) treatment-seeking patients at a community mental health center participating in a larger study (Contractor et al. in Psychiatry Research, 252, 252215–252222, 2017). Linear regression results indicated number of PTE types significantly predicted increasing PTSD and depression severity and distress tolerance difficulties. Quadratic regression model results were not significant. ROC analyses indicated exposure to at least 3.5 PTE types predicted PTSD with moderate accuracy. In conclusion, the dose-response theory was supported, with results indicating there may be a threshold count of lifetime PTE types (\u3e 3) influencing traumatic stress outcomes