Noncommutative Kn\"{o}rrer periodicity and noncommutative Kleinian singularities

We establish a version of Kn\"{o}rrer's Periodicity Theorem in the context of noncommutative invariant theory. Namely, let $A$ be a left noetherian AS-regular algebra, let $f$ be a normal and regular element of $A$ of positive degree, and take $B=A/(f)$. Then there exists a bijection between the set of isomorphism classes of indecomposable non-free maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over $B$ and those over (a noncommutative analog of) its second double branched cover $(B^\#)^\#$. Our results use and extend the study of twisted matrix factorizations, which was introduced by the first three authors with Cassidy. These results are applied to the noncommutative Kleinian singularities studied by the second and fourth authors with Chan and Zhang.Comment: Numerous typos fixed, removed unnecessary finite order hypothesi

“Singing to the Choir:” The Struggle for Systemic Organizational Change in Community College Teaching

This study reports the results of a case study of a systemic change process in a community college aimed at fostering improvement of teaching practices. The results suggest that systemic change is limited by an organizational culture that is multiplistic and fragmentary

A Room Without a View(point): Must Student-Housing Employees Trade Free Speech for Free Rent?

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the power that public university speech policies have to silence students. Although few people were better suited to provide a candid assessment to the media of student safety in on-campus housing than resident assistants, all too often these student employees were forbidden from speaking openly, or at all. To understand the scope of these prohibitions on speech, researchers using freedom-of-information law obtained employment manuals, policies, and guidelines from a wide cross-section of public universities. This Article analyzes the language used in a sample of these materials and concludes that while these speech policies often - and rightly - protect sensitive, confidential information that resident assistants learn on the job, they also indiscriminately sweep across a great deal of protected speech. As a result, access to information of public concern is restricted. This gagging phenomenon is amplified by the outsized coercive effect that even less-restrictive policies are likely to have on a resident assistant\u27s speech. After all, speaking in a disfavored way may result in not only the loss of a paycheck, but of the roof over the student’s head. With this in hand, the Article reviews the courts’ treatment of the First Amendment rights of both public employees and public-school students in challenges to state action in this area. This Article predicts that whether analyzed under the Supreme Court’s “employee” or “student” jurisprudence, many - if not most - of the speech policies typified in the sample probably flunk the test of First Amendment protection, given that more narrowly tailored options are available

Determining Potential Risk Factors for Non-Contact Lower Extremity Injuries in Female Collegiate Soccer Players

The severity and rising incidence of lower extremity (LE) non-contact injuries is concerning in competitive sports, especially soccer. Risk factors in specific populations must be identified in order to adequately prevent LE non-contact injuries from occurring. PURPOSE: to determine if BMI, playing position, limb dominance, surface type, history of injury, and/or competition type are risk factors for LE non-contact injuries in NCAA DII female collegiate soccer players. METHODS: Subjects (N=21) voluntarily participated in this study for the duration of the 2019-2020 Women’s Soccer Season. Subjects were excluded if they were injured prior to the first official in-season game or if they had surgery or serious injury within 6 months. Subjects included in the study completed a questionnaire to establish a history of injury, age, height, weight, BMI, limb dominance, and playing position. Each subject signed an Informed consent approved by the university Institutional Review Board (IRB). Injuries included in the study were all injuries below the waist occurring from any mechanism other than outside force resulting in 1 or more days of time loss from sports participation. A weekly meeting was conducted between the primary investigator and the Women’s Soccer athletic trainer to establish any new LE non-contact injuries. At the time of injury, surface type (turf or grass), competition type (practice or game), playing position, and the side of LE non-contact injury (left or right) were recorded. Throughout the duration of the season practice hours and playing hours were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 7 LE non-contact injuries occurred throughout the season, while 5 of the injured athletes had a history of injury and 2 did not. Of the 7 injuries, 3 were forwards, 3 were defenders, and 1 was a midfielder. Four (4) injuries occurred during practice and on turf and 3 occurred during games and on grass. No significant associations (P\u3c0.05) were observed between LE non-contact injury incidence and BMI, playing position, limb dominance, surface type, history of injury, and competition type. CONCLUSION: The present study determined BMI, playing position, limb dominance, surface type, history of injury, and competition type are not risk factors for LE non-contact injuries in female collegiate soccer players

Injective operations of the toral groups

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33540/1/0000039.pd

Rapid Independent Trait Evolution despite a Strong Pleiotropic Genetic Correlation

This is the publisher's version. It can also be found here:http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/661907Genetic correlations are the most commonly studied of all potential constraints on adaptive evolution. We present a comprehensive test of constraints caused by genetic correlation, comparing empirical results to predictions from theory. The additive genetic correlation between the filament and the corolla tube in wild radish flowers is very high in magnitude, is estimated with good precision, and is caused by pleiotropy. Thus, evolutionary changes in the relative lengths of these two traits should be constrained. Still, artificial selection produced rapid evolution of these traits in opposite directions, so that in one replicate relative to controls, the difference between them increased by six standard deviations in only nine generations. This would result in a 54% increase in relative fitness on the basis of a previous estimate of natural selection in this population, and it would produce the phenotypes found in the most extreme species in the family Brassicaceae in less than 100 generations. These responses were within theoretical expectations and were much slower than if the genetic correlation was zero; thus, there was evidence for constraint. These results, coupled with comparable results from other species, show that evolution can be rapid despite the constraints caused by genetic correlations

Entry in the ADHD drugs market: Welfare impact of generics and me-toos

Recent decades have seen a growth in treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) including many branded and generic drugs. In the early 2000's, new drug entry dramatically altered market shares. We estimate a demand system for ADHD drugs and assess the welfare impact of new drugs. We find that entry induced large welfare gains by reducing prices of substitute drugs, and by providing alternative delivery mechanisms for existing molecules. Our results suggest that the success of follow-on patented drugs may come from unanticipated innovations like delivery mechanisms, a factor ignored by proposals to retard new follow-on drug approvals

Associations between neighbourhood and household environmental variables and fruit consumption : exploration of mediation by individual cognitions and habit strength in the GLOBE study

Objective The present study examined associations of several home and neighbourhood environmental variables with fruit consumption and explored whether these associations were mediated by variables derived from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and by habit strength.Design Data of the Dutch GLOBE study on household and neighbourhood environment, fruit intake and related factors were used, obtained by self-administered questionnaires (cross-sectional), face-to-face interviews and audits.Setting The city of Eindhoven in the NetherlandsSubjects Adults (n 333; mean age 58 years, 54 % female).Results Multiple mediation analyses were conducted using regression analyses to assess the association between environmental variables and fruit consumption, as well as mediation of these associations by TPB variables and by habit strength. Intention, perceived behaviour control, subjective norm and habit strength were associated with fruit intake. None of the neighbourhood environmental variables was directly or indirectly associated with fruit intake. The home environmental variable ‘modelling behaviour by family members’ was indirectly, but not directly, associated with fruit intake. Habit strength and perceived behaviour control explained most of the mediated effect (71·9 %).Conclusions Modelling behaviour by family members was indirectly associated with fruit intake through habit strength and perceived behaviour control. None of the neighbourhood variables was directly or indirectly, through any of the proposed mediators, associated with adult fruit intake. These findings suggest that future interventions promoting fruit intake should address a combination of the home environment (especially modelling behaviour by family members), TPB variables and habit strength for fruit intake