Origin of compositional differences in organic matter abundance and oil potential of cherty and clayey Cenomanian black levels in the Umbria-Marche basin (Italy).

International audienceRock-Eval pyrolysis of a large set of Cenomanian samples, collected from the black levels (clayey, cherty and mixed) in three sections of the Umbria-Marche basin, showed large differences in organic matter (OM) quantity and quality. The chert samples systematically exhibit much lower TOC contents, markedly lower HI and higher OI. This reflects the extensive oxidative destruction of the initial kerogen that occurred upon the chertification of some clayey sediments. A comparative study, by a combination of microscopic, spectroscopic and pyrolytic methods, was performed on kerogens of the chert and clay layers of a representative mixed level. The various fractions of the initial kerogen underwent differential destruction or alteration during chertification, resulting in (i) relative enrichments of microfossils and woody debris although lignin was altered by demethoxylation and (ii) extensive destruction of the amorphous fraction while it remained predominant. The amorphous fraction retained in the chert kerogen showed large changes in composition related to oxygen incorporation and probably escaped complete destruction owing to oxidative reticulation. The above features account for the pronounced systematic differences in OM abundance and oil potential between the chert and clay layers in the black levels

La pirogue gallo-romaine de Sassenay (Saône-et-Loire)

Une pirogue monoxyle gallo-romaine a été découverte en 2007 dans la Saône, lors d’une prospection subaquatique à Sassenay. Il s’agit d’un des rares témoins de cette famille architecturale pour la période dans le bassin rhodanien. Mesurant 8,40 m de longueur, l’embarcation en chêne apparaît particulièrement cintrée.A Gallo-Roman logboat was discovered in 2007 in the Saône while prospecting underwater at Sassenay. It is one of the rare examples of this type of architecture from this period to be found in the Rhodanian basin. Measuring 8,40 m in length, the boat, made from oak, is particularly curved.Bei einer Unterwasser-Prospektion in Sassenay wurde 2007 in der Saône ein gallo-römischer Einbaum entdeckt. Es handelt sich um eines der seltenen Zeugen dieser Familie dieser Periode im Rhonebecken. Das 8,40 M lange Eichenboot scheint besonders gebogen zu sein

Molecular study of organic residues in an exceptional collection of potteries from Deir el-Médineh (XVIIIth dynasty, Egypt).

Communication oraleInternational audienceWithin this study of molecular archaeology, an exceptional set of Egyptian organic remains stored in containers from Deir el-Médineh (XVIIIth dynasty), and put at disposal by the Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre Museum has been analyzed

From In Situ to satellite observations of pelagic Sargassum distribution and aggregation in the Tropical North Atlantic Ocean

International audienceThe present study reports on observations carried out in the Tropical North Atlantic in summer and autumn 2017, documenting Sargassum aggregations using both ship-deck observations and satellite sensor observations at three resolutions (MSI-10 m, OLCI-300 m, VIIRS-750 m and MODIS-1 km). Both datasets reported that in summer, Sargassum aggre-gations were mainly observed off Brazil and near the Caribbean Islands, while they accumulated near the African coast in autumn. Based on in situ observations, we propose a five-class typology allowing standardisation of the description of in situ Sargassum raft shapes and sizes. The most commonly observed Sargassum raft type was windrows, but large rafts composed of a quasi-circular patch hundreds of meters wide were also observed. Satellite imagery showed that these rafts formed larger Sargassum aggregations over a wide range of scales, with smaller aggregations (of tens of m 2 area) nested within larger ones (of hundreds of km 2). Match-ups between different satellite sensors and in situ observations were limited for this dataset, mainly because of high cloud cover during the periods of observation. Nevertheless, comparisons between the two datasets showed that satellite sensors successfully detected Sargassum abundance and aggregation patterns consistent with in situ observations. MODIS and VIIRS sensors were better suited to describing the Sargas-sum aggregation distribution and dynamics at Atlantic scale, while the new sensors, OLCI and MSI, proved their ability to detect Sargassum aggregations and to describe their (sub-) mesoscale nested structure. The high variability in raft shape, size, thickness, depth and biomass density observed in situ means that caution is called for when using satellite maps of Sargassum distribution and biomass estimation. Improvements would require additional in situ and airborne observations or very high-resolution satellite imagery

The ANTENATAL multicentre study to predict postnatal renal outcome in fetuses with posterior urethral valves: objectives and design

Abstract Background Posterior urethral valves (PUV) account for 17% of paediatric end-stage renal disease. A major issue in the management of PUV is prenatal prediction of postnatal renal function. Fetal ultrasound and fetal urine biochemistry are currently employed for this prediction, but clearly lack precision. We previously developed a fetal urine peptide signature that predicted in utero with high precision postnatal renal function in fetuses with PUV. We describe here the objectives and design of the prospective international multicentre ANTENATAL (multicentre validation of a fetal urine peptidome-based classifier to predict postnatal renal function in posterior urethral valves) study, set up to validate this fetal urine peptide signature. Methods Participants will be PUV pregnancies enrolled from 2017 to 2021 and followed up until 2023 in >30 European centres endorsed and supported by European reference networks for rare urological disorders (ERN eUROGEN) and rare kidney diseases (ERN ERKNet). The endpoint will be renal/patient survival at 2 years postnatally. Assuming α = 0.05, 1–β = 0.8 and a mean prevalence of severe renal outcome in PUV individuals of 0.35, 400 patients need to be enrolled to validate the previously reported sensitivity and specificity of the peptide signature. Results In this largest multicentre study of antenatally detected PUV, we anticipate bringing a novel tool to the clinic. Based on urinary peptides and potentially amended in the future with additional omics traits, this tool will be able to precisely quantify postnatal renal survival in PUV pregnancies. The main limitation of the employed approach is the need for specialized equipment. Conclusions Accurate risk assessment in the prenatal period should strongly improve the management of fetuses with PUV

Annexe sur CD-ROM

Connan Jacques. Annexe sur CD-ROM. In: Le tell d'Akkaz au Koweït / Tell Akkaz in Kuwait Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2011. pp. 1-32. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 57

Les mélanges bitumineux du tell d’Akkaz (Koweït) / The bituminous mixtures from Tell Akkaz (Kuwait)

Connan Jacques. Les mélanges bitumineux du tell d’Akkaz (Koweït) / The bituminous mixtures from Tell Akkaz (Kuwait). In: Le tell d'Akkaz au Koweït / Tell Akkaz in Kuwait Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2011. pp. 391-412. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 57

Les mélanges bitumineux du tell d’Akkaz (Koweït) / The bituminous mixtures from Tell Akkaz (Kuwait)

Connan Jacques. Les mélanges bitumineux du tell d’Akkaz (Koweït) / The bituminous mixtures from Tell Akkaz (Kuwait). In: Le tell d'Akkaz au Koweït / Tell Akkaz in Kuwait Lyon : Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux, 2011. pp. 391-412. (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée, 57