PENGARUH FAKTOR EKSTERNAL TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN : Studi pada Sepatu JK Collection Cibaduyut Bandung

Beberapa tahun akhir ini banyak indusrti sepatu lokal yang mengalami penurunan dalam penjualannya dan mengakibatkan beberapa industri sepatu lokal yang tidak dapat bertahan. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena banyak sepatu – sepatu impor yang masuk ke Indonesia dan dijual dengan harga yang murah dan produk yang ditawarkan pun begitu kreatif dan inovatif. JK Collection adalah salah satu industri sepatu lokal yang mengalami penurunan dalam penjualannya akibat kalah bersaing dengan produk impor atau produk dari luae negeri. Untuk mengetahui apa yang menjadi kendala perusahaan dan faktor apa yang bisa diteliti untuk bisa mengembangkan penjualan perusahaan, maka penulis meneliti faktor eksternalnya. Faktor – faktor eksternal yang diteliti adalah Kebudayaan, Kelas Sosial, Kelompok Referensi, dan Keluarga. Dari empat faktor ini peneliti mencari faktor mana yang paling mempengaruhi dalam keputusan pembelian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan menjelaskan hubungan antar variabel dengan menganalisis data numeric (angka) menggunakan metode statistik melalui pengujian hipotesa sehingga dapat memberikan fakta yang ada. Data dari 226 kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada para pembeli sepatu JK Collection menjadi sumber data primer. Berdasarkan hasil analisis variabel, tingkat pengaruh Faktor Eksternal yaitu kebudayaan, kelas sosial, kelompok referensi, dan keluarga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian dapat dismpulkan masih tergolong baik terlihat dari tanggapan positif dari setiap responden untuk setiap indikator dari sub variabel Faktor Eksternal. Dengan tingkat keyakinan 95% dihasilkan nilai uji analisis statistik yang menunjukkan bahwa kebudayaan, kelas sosial, kelompok referensi, dan keluarga mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian sebesar 88% dan sisanya sebesar 12% dipengaruhi faktor lain. Kata Kunci : Perilaku Konsumen, Faktor Eksternal, Keputusan Pembelian The past few years many local shoe indusrti decline in sales and resulted in some local shoe industry that can not survive. This can happen because a lot of shoes - shoes imported into Indonesia and sold at low prices and products offered was so creative and innovative. JK Collection is one of the local shoe industry experienced a decline in sales due to not compete with imported products or products of luae country. To find out what the problem is firm and what factors could be studied in order to develop the company's sales, the authors examine the external factors. Factors - external factors studied were the Cultural, Social Class, Reference Group, and Family. Of the four factors which researchers look for factors that most influence the purchase decision. The method used is a method of quantitative descriptive research is research that aims to explain the relationship between variables by analyzing numeric data (numbers) using statistical methods through hypothesis testing so as to provide the facts. Data from 226 questionnaires distributed to the buyers shoes JK Collection became the primary data source. Based on the analysis of variables, the level of influence of external factors, namely culture, social class, reference groups, and families on Purchasing Decisions can dismpulkan still quite good looks of a positive response from any respondent for each indicator of the sub variables External Factors. With a 95% confidence level resulting test value statistical analysis that shows that culture, social class, reference groups, and family influence purchasing decisions by 88% and the balance of 12% influenced by other factors. Keywords: Consumer Behavior, External Factors, Purchase Decisio

The Evolutionarily Conserved Mediator Subunit MDT-15/MED15 Links Protective Innate Immune Responses and Xenobiotic Detoxification

Metazoans protect themselves from environmental toxins and virulent pathogens through detoxification and immune responses. We previously identified a small molecule xenobiotic toxin that extends survival of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with human bacterial pathogens by activating the conserved p38 MAP kinase PMK-1 host defense pathway. Here we investigate the cellular mechanisms that couple activation of a detoxification response to innate immunity. From an RNAi screen of 1,420 genes expressed in the C. elegans intestine, we identified the conserved Mediator subunit MDT-15/MED15 and 28 other gene inactivations that abrogate the induction of PMK-1-dependent immune effectors by this small molecule. We demonstrate that MDT-15/MED15 is required for the xenobiotic-induced expression of p38 MAP kinase PMK-1-dependent immune genes and protection from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. We also show that MDT-15 controls the induction of detoxification genes and functions to protect the host from bacteria-derived phenazine toxins. These data define a central role for MDT-15/MED15 in the coordination of xenobiotic detoxification and innate immune responses

President’s Column (2015) 51 Page 131

It is not the critic who counts; nor the one who points out how the strong person stumbled, or where the doer of a deed could have been better. The credit belongs to the person who is actually in the arena; . . . who strives valiantly; . . . who at the best knows in the end the triumph of high achievement; and who at worst, if he or she fails, at least fails while daring greatly.”—Theodore Roosevelt, The Man in the Arena: Citizenship in a Republic. I am humbled and thankful that our fellow AJA members have elected me to be your “Man in the Arena” this year. In a sense, the minute we take our oath of office as judges, all of us are immediately “in the arena” of public scrutiny. Our motto at AJA is “Making Better Judges®,” and we hope that this year we can help you better withstand that public scrutiny as we help each other shine and sparkle while toiling in the “arena” of our courtrooms and chambers. Many times our decisions require great courage, other times we are required to exercise great patience; sometimes compassion is called for, and at other times, we must stand firm. But at all times, we must treat all who appear in the judicial “arena” with fairness and dignity to better serve the ends of justice

President’s Column (2016) 52 Page 95

Thank you, again, for affording me the high honor and great privilege of serving as your AJA president, your “man in the arena” this year. Time is flying by, and soon I’ll be “passing the gavel” to president-elect Russ Otter at our annual conference in Toronto, September 25-30. Judge Otter, Judge Catherine Carlson, Judge Richard Kayne, and the entire conference committee have been working hard on conference planning. Yet again, our AJA members have produced a highquality educational program and combined it with just the right mix of social activities to create many opportunities for networking with AJA colleagues and our Canadian judges. If you haven’t already signed up, please visit our website, http://www.amjudges.org/conferences/, download the educational program, and see for yourself! You can also register for the conference online and take advantage of the favorable exchange rate! AJA welcomes one and all to join us in Toronto for a unique judicial learning experience at a beautiful venue

President’s Column: THANK YOU, SANTA FE! ON TO TORONTO!

Our 2016 midyear in Santa Fe exceeded all expectations! The Chamber of Commerce “arranged” perfect weather conditions, sunny and cool. The hotel went out of its way to accommodate us, offering complimentary breakfast and complimentary evening cocktails with food. The rooms were spacious and the service top-notch, as was the location near historic Santa Fe Plaza. Our educational programs were a “bang,” as Gene Lucci and Richard Kayne had a tutorial on gun safety followed by hands-on practice at the Santa Fe Sheriff’s gun range. Everyone survived without a scratch, thanks in no small part to our safety conscious instructors from the Sheriff’s office

President’s Column (2016) 53 Page 3

In the last issue of Court Review, I challenged our members, as Theodore Roosevelt challenged everyone in his speech, “The Man in the Arena,” to “strive valiantly” to realize the “triumph of high achievement” as you serve in the arena of public service. In this issue, I’m asking those who can to take a step back from the public arena and join your fellow AJA members for our midyear conference in a historic, relaxing, and beautiful setting: Santa Fe, New Mexico. Those who do the hard work of judging know all too well the toll stress takes on those who toil in the “judicial arena.” Past President Brian MacKenzie highlighted the importance of recognizing and properly dealing with the health risks inherent in our stressful occupation by dedicating a column in Court Review (Vol. 51, Issue 1) and last year’s midyear conference in Fort Meyers, Florida, to the issue of “Judicial Stress.” The great programs presented at that conference can be accessed through our website, www.amjudges.org

Systems theory of Smad signaling

Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) signalling is an important regulator of cellular growth and differentiation. The principal intracellular mediators of TGF-beta signalling are the Smad proteins, which upon TGF-beta stimulation accumulate in the nucleus and regulate transcription of target genes. To investigate the mechanisms of Smad nuclear accumulation, we developed a simple mathematical model of canonical Smad signalling. The model was built using both published data and our experimentally determined cellular Smad concentrations (isoforms 2, 3, and 4). We found in mink lung epithelial cells that Smad2 (8.5-12 x 10^4 molecules/cell) was present in similar amounts to Smad4 (9.3-12 x 10^4 molecules/cell), while both were in excess of Smad3 (1.1-2.0 x 10^4 molecules/cell). Variation of the model parameters and statistical analysis showed that Smad nuclear accumulation is most sensitive to parameters affecting the rates of RSmad phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and Smad complex formation/dissociation in the nucleus. Deleting Smad4 from the model revealed that rate-limiting phospho-R-Smad dephosphorylation could be an important mechanism for Smad nuclear accumulation. Furthermore, we observed that binding factors constitutively localised to the nucleus do not efficiently mediate Smad nuclear accumulation if dephosphorylation is rapid. We therefore conclude that an imbalance in the rates of R-Smad phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is likely an important mechanism of Smad nuclear accumulation during TGF-beta signalling.Comment: To appear in IEE Proceedings Systems Biology. 12 pages of text, 36 pages tota

Aligning Sequences by Minimum Description Length

<p/> <p>This paper presents a new information theoretic framework for aligning sequences in bioinformatics. A transmitter compresses a set of sequences by constructing a regular expression that describes the regions of similarity in the sequences. To retrieve the original set of sequences, a receiver generates all strings that match the expression. An alignment algorithm uses minimum description length to encode and explore alternative expressions; the expression with the shortest encoding provides the best overall alignment. When two substrings contain letters that are similar according to a substitution matrix, a code length function based on conditional probabilities defined by the matrix will encode the substrings with fewer bits. In one experiment, alignments produced with this new method were found to be comparable to alignments from <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-4153-2007-72936-i1.gif"/></inline-formula>. A second experiment measured the accuracy of the new method on pairwise alignments of sequences from the BAliBASE alignment benchmark.</p

Whole Animal Automated Platform for Drug Discovery against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus, the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections in the United States, is also pathogenic to the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The C. elegans-S. aureus infection model was previously carried out on solid agar plates where the bacteriovorous C. elegans feeds on a lawn of S. aureus. However, agar-based assays are not amenable to large scale screens for antibacterial compounds. We have developed a high throughput liquid screening assay that uses robotic instrumentation to dispense a precise amount of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and worms in 384-well assay plates, followed by automated microscopy and image analysis. In validation of the liquid assay, an MRSA cell wall defective mutant, MW2ΔtarO, which is attenuated for killing in the agar-based assay, was found to be less virulent in the liquid assay. This robust assay with a Z’-factor consistently greater than 0.5 was utilized to screen the Biomol 4 compound library consisting of 640 small molecules with well characterized bioactivities. As proof of principle, 27 of the 30 clinically used antibiotics present in the library conferred increased C. elegans survival and were identified as hits in the screen. Surprisingly, the antihelminthic drug closantel was also identified as a hit in the screen. In further studies, we confirmed the anti-staphylococcal activity of closantel against vancomycin-resistant S. aureus isolates and other Gram-positive bacteria. The liquid C. elegans – S. aureus assay described here allows screening for anti-staphylococcal compounds that are not toxic to the host