3,228 research outputs found
Annealing of Neutron-irradiation-induced Changes in Impurity Conduction in Antimony- Doped Germanium
Annealing of neutron-irradiation-induced changes in impurity conduction in antimony-doped germaniu
Annealing of fast neutron damage in impurity-conducting n-type germanium
Thermal annealing of fast neutron induced changes in electrical properties of highly doped n-type germaniu
Solubility of Sulfur Dioxide in Sulfuric Acid
The solubility of sulfur dioxide in 50% (wt./wt.) sulfuric acid was evaluated by regular solution theory, and the results verified by experimental measurements in the temperature range of 25 C to 70 C at pressures of 60 to 200 PSIA. The percent (wt./wt.) of sulfur dioxide in 50% (wt./wt.) sulfuric acid is given by the equation %SO2 = 2.2350 + 0.0903P - 0.00026P 10 to the 2nd power with P in PSIA
The Electrochemistry of Simple Inorganic Molecules in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
The electrochemistry of simple inorganic compounds in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) is reviewed and some new work in this area is presented. This paper focuses on the comparison between electrochemical behaviour in RTILs and in conventional aprotic solvents. Some compounds (iodides, O2, NO2, SO2, NH3) display similar reactions and mechanisms in RTILs as in aprotic solvents (as is observed for organic compounds). However other species (nitrates, PCl3, POCl3) show remarkably different behaviour to traditional solvents. This makes RTILs very promising media for the study of inorganic compounds, and highlights the need for more investigations in this exciting area
Quantitative localized proton-promoted dissolution kinetics of calcite using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been used to determine quantitatively the kinetics of proton-promoted dissolution of the calcite (101Ì
4) cleavage surface (from natural âIceland Sparâ) at the microscopic scale. By working under conditions where the probe size is much less than the characteristic dislocation spacing (as revealed from etching), it has been possible to measure kinetics mainly in regions of the surface which are free from dislocations, for the first time. To clearly reveal the locations of measurements, studies focused on cleaved âmirrorâ surfaces, where one of the two faces produced by cleavage was etched freely to reveal defects intersecting the surface, while the other (mirror) face was etched locally (and quantitatively) using SECM to generate high proton fluxes with a 25 ÎŒm diameter Pt disk ultramicroelectrode (UME) positioned at a defined (known) distance from a crystal surface. The etch pits formed at various etch times were measured using white light interferometry to ascertain pit dimensions. To determine quantitative dissolution kinetics, a moving boundary finite element model was formulated in which experimental time-dependent pit expansion data formed the input for simulations, from which solution and interfacial concentrations of key chemical species, and interfacial fluxes, could then be determined and visualized. This novel analysis allowed the rate constant for proton attack on calcite, and the order of the reaction with respect to the interfacial proton concentration, to be determined unambiguously. The process was found to be first order in terms of interfacial proton concentration with a rate constant k = 6.3 (± 1.3) Ă 10â4 m sâ1. Significantly, this value is similar to previous macroscopic rate measurements of calcite dissolution which averaged over large areas and many dislocation sites, and where such sites provided a continuous source of steps for dissolution. Since the local measurements reported herein are mainly made in regions without dislocations, this study demonstrates that dislocations and steps that arise from such sites are not needed for fast proton-promoted calcite dissolution. Other sites, such as point defects, which are naturally abundant in calcite, are likely to be key reaction sites
Variability of M giant stars based on Kepler photometry: general characteristics
M giants are among the longest-period pulsating stars which is why their
studies were traditionally restricted to analyses of low-precision visual
observations, and more recently, accurate ground-based data. Here we present an
overview of M giant variability on a wide range of time-scales (hours to
years), based on analysis of thirteen quarters of Kepler long-cadence
observations (one point per every 29.4 minutes), with a total time-span of over
1000 days. About two-thirds of the sample stars have been selected from the
ASAS-North survey of the Kepler field, with the rest supplemented from a
randomly chosen M giant control sample.
We first describe the correction of the light curves from different quarters,
which was found to be essential. We use Fourier analysis to calculate multiple
frequencies for all stars in the sample. Over 50 stars show a relatively strong
signal with a period equal to the Kepler-year and a characteristic phase
dependence across the whole field-of-view. We interpret this as a so far
unidentified systematic effect in the Kepler data. We discuss the presence of
regular patterns in the distribution of multiple periodicities and amplitudes.
In the period-amplitude plane we find that it is possible to distinguish
between solar-like oscillations and larger amplitude pulsations which are
characteristic for Mira/SR stars. This may indicate the region of the
transition between two types of oscillations as we move upward along the giant
branch.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. The
normalized light curves are available upon reques
Literacy practices of primary education children in Andalusia (Spain): a family-based perspective
Primary school children develop literacy practices in various domains and situations in everyday life.
This study focused on the analysis of literacy practices of children aged 8â12 years from the perspec-
tive of their families. 1,843 families participated in the non-experimental explanatory study. The
children in these families speak Spanish as a first language and are schooled in this language. The
instrument used was a self-report questionnaire about childrenâs home-literacy practices. The data
obtained were analysed using categorical principal components analysis (CATPCA) and analysis of
variance (ANOVA). The results show the complex relationship between literacy practices developed
by children in the domains of home and school and the limited development of a literacy-promoting
âthird spaceâ. In conclusion, the families in our study had limited awareness of their role as literacy-
promoting agents and thought of literacy learning as restricted to formal or academic spaces
Non-pollinator fig wasp impact on the reproductive success of an invasive fig tree: why so little?
Classical biological control agents fail to achieve an impact on their hosts for a variety of reasons and an understanding of why they fail can help shape decisions on subsequent releases. Ornamental Ficus microcarpa is a widely planted avenue fig tree that is invasive in countries where its pollinator (Eupristina verticillata) is also introduced. This tree also supports more than 20 species of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFW) that feed in the figs and have the potential to reduce the plantâs reproduction. Odontofroggatia galili, one of the most widely introduced NPFW, has larvae that develop in galled ovules that might otherwise develop into seeds or support pollinator larvae. We examined the distribution and relative abundance of the pollinator and O. galili on F. microcarpa in China, towards the northern limit of the treeâs natural range, and in Italy where the two species have been introduced. Where they co-existed, we also recorded the impact of varying densities of O. galili on F. microcarpa seed and pollinator production. O. galili and E. verticillata displayed contrasting habitat preferences in China, with O. galili almost absent from warmer sites. O. galili abundance and sex ratios varied between the natural and introduced ranges. Figs with more O. galili contained fewer seeds and pollinator offspring, but reproduction was rarely inhibited totally. Additional species with a greater impact in the figs they occupy are needed if biocontrol of F. microcarpa is to be effective
Versatile transporter apparatus for experiments with optically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
We describe a versatile and simple scheme for producing magnetically and
optically-trapped Rb-87 Bose-Einstein condensates, based on a moving-coil
transporter apparatus. The apparatus features a TOP trap that incorporates the
movable quadrupole coils used for magneto-optical trapping and long-distance
magnetic transport of atomic clouds. As a stand-alone device, this trap allows
for the stable production of condensates containing up to one million atoms. In
combination with an optical dipole trap, the TOP trap acts as a funnel for
efficient loading, after which the quadrupole coils can be retracted, thereby
maximizing optical access. The robustness of this scheme is illustrated by
realizing the superfluid-to-Mott insulator transition in a three-dimensional
optical lattice
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