Cálculo da cesta básica no município de Araras - SP

The term basic basket is given to the set of staple foods in sufficient quantities to feed a family, established along with Decree Law nº 399 of April 30, 1938, which regulates the minimum wage in Brazil. Over the years, public agencies and educational institutions began collecting data to perform the basic food basket calculation in several municipalities in Brazil. Examples are DIEESE in several state capitals, the PROCON/SP foundation in São Paulo, the basic basket cost index (ICB-FEALQ/ESALQ) in Piracicaba (São Paulo state), the basic products basket cost calculation by CEPEAC in Passo Fundo (Rio Grande do Sul state), among other programs. This shows its importance and the contribution of economic research centers that allow us to understand product prices and their impacts on daily life, demonstrating the cost of living in a specific locality and assisting in the formulation of public policies. In light of this, the Federal University of São Carlos has, since 2017, undertaken analysis of the basic basket cost in Araras, São Paulo state (ICB-CCA/UFSCAR), determining the relation between this cost and the minimum wage of the low-income population. With support from the Pro-Rectory for Extension (PROEX) and based on the methodology developed by the PROCON/SP foundation in partnership with DIEESE, data were collected on 40 products divided into the following categories: food (including agricultural items), domestic cleaning, and personal hygiene. The data were obtained at six supermarkets in central Araras, three times a week, during the period from September to December of 2017 and 2018. The main findings were greater representativeness of food, with 81.91% on average, followed by personal hygiene and domestic cleaning, with 10.3% and 7.77%, respectively. The ratio between the calculated price of the basic basket and the minimum wage was 69.76% in 2017 and 70.02% in 2018, with food contributing 57.03% in the first year and 57.48% in the second year of the research. In the food category, onions and potatoes were the items that varied the most in both years, which could be explained by climatic issues, difficulties in harvesting, and also market issues such as product supply or production costs. It could be concluded that the cost of the basic basket represented the greater part of the minimum wage of the population of Araras. Future studies should be undertaken to expand this research, given its social relevance to the municipality and its potential as a way to support managers in the elaboration of public policies, since the data obtained allow evaluation of the evolution of prices.El término canasta básica se da al conjunto de alimentos básicos en cantidades mínimas suficientes para alimentar a una familia y fue establecido junto con el Decreto Ley n. 399 de 30 de abril de 1938 que regula el Salario Mínimo en Brasil. Con el paso de los años, organismos públicos e instituciones de enseñanza iniciaron la recolección de datos para realizar el Cálculo de la Cesta Básica de Alimentos en diversos municipios de Brasil, como es el caso del DIEESE en varias capitales del país, de la Fundación PROCON / SP en São Paulo, del Índice del costo de la canasta básica (ICB-FEALQ/ESALQ) en Piracicaba-SP, cálculo del costo de la canasta de productos básicos realizado por el CEPEAC en Passo Fundo – RS, entre otros proyectos que muestran su importancia y contribución a los centros de investigación económicos que permiten comprender las variaciones de precios de los productos y el impacto generado en la vida del trabajador al demostrar el costo de vida en una localidad específica, además de auxiliar en la formación de políticas públicas. La Universidad Federal de São Carlos desarrolla desde 2017 el análisis del costo de la Canasta Básica de alimentos en Araras - SP (ICB-CCA / UFSCar) y determina la participación del costo de la canasta básica en el salario mínimo de la población más vulnerable. Con el apoyo de la Pro-Rectoría de Extensión (PROEX) y basado en la metodología realizada por la Fundación PROCON / SP en asociación con el DIEESE, fueron recolectados datos de 40 productos divididos en las categorías en seis supermercados de la región central del municipio de Araras – SP, tres veces por semana en el período de septiembre a diciembre de 2017 y 2018. Los principales resultados encontrados fueron: mayor representatividad de la alimentación con 81,91% en promedio, seguidos de higiene personal y limpieza doméstica, con 10,3% y 7,77 %, respectivamente. La relación entre el precio calculado de la canasta básica y el valor del salario mínimo fue del 69,76% en 2017 y del 70,02% en 2018, cuya alimentación simbolizó el 57,03% en el primer año y el 57,48% en el segundo año de la investigación. Considerando que la alimentación presentó mayor representatividad, la cebolla y la papa fueron los ítems que más variaron en ambos años, tal variación es explicada por cuestiones climáticas, dificultades en la cosecha y también por cuestiones que involucran el mercado, como oferta del producto o suplir los gastos de producción. Se concluye que el costo de la canasta básica representa la mayor parte del salario mínimo de la población de Araras - SP. Los futuros trabajos deben ampliar continuamente esta investigación dada su relevancia social para el municipio y también como forma de apoyar a los gestores en la elaboración de políticas públicas para Araras-SP, ya que los datos obtenidos permiten evaluar la evolución de los precios.O termo cesta básica é dado ao conjunto de alimentos básicos em quantidades mínimas suficientes para alimentar uma família e foi estabelecido junto com o Decreto Lei n. 399 de 30 de abril de 1938 que regulamenta o Salário Mínimo no Brasil. Com o passar dos anos, órgãos públicos e instituições de ensino iniciaram a coleta de dados para realizar o Cálculo da Cesta Básica de Alimentos em diversos municípios do Brasil, como é o caso do DIEESE em várias capitais do país, da Fundação PROCON/SP em São Paulo, do Índice do Custo da Cesta Básica (ICB-FEALQ/ESALQ) em Piracicaba – SP, cálculo do custo da Cesta de Produtos Básicos realizado pelo CEPEAC em Passo Fundo – RS, entre outros projetos que mostram a sua importância e contribuição para os centros de pesquisa econômicos que permite compreender as variações de preços dos produtos e o impacto gerado na vida do trabalhador ao demonstrar o custo de vida em uma localidade específica, além auxiliar na formação de políticas públicas. Pensando nisso, a Universidade Federal de São Carlos desenvolve, desde 2017, a análise do custo da Cesta Básica em Araras – SP (ICB-CCA/UFSCar) e determina a participação do custo da cesta básica no salário-mínimo da população de baixa renda. Com o apoio da Pró-Reitoria de Extensão (PROEX) e baseado na metodologia realizada pela Fundação PROCON/SP em parceira com o DIEESE, foram coletados dados de 40 produtos divididos nas categorias alimentação (inclui itens agropecuários), limpeza doméstica e higiene pessoal em seis supermercados da região central do município de Araras – SP, três vezes por semana no período de setembro a dezembro de 2017 e 2018. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: maior representatividade da alimentação com 81,91% em média, seguidos de higiene pessoal e limpeza doméstica, com 10,3% e 7,77%, respectivamente. A relação entre o preço calculado da cesta básica e o valor do salário-mínimo foi de 69,76% em 2017 e de 70,02% em 2018, cuja alimentação simbolizou 57,03% no primeiro ano e 57,48% no segundo ano da pesquisa. Considerando que a alimentação apresentou maior representatividade, a cebola e a batata foram os itens que mais variaram em ambos os anos. Estas variações são explicadas por questões climáticas, dificuldades na colheita e também por questões que envolvem o mercado, como oferta do produto ou suprir os gastos de produção. Conclui-se que o custo da cesta básica representa a maior parte do salário-mínimo da população de Araras – SP. Futuros trabalhos devem ampliar continuamente esta pesquisa dada sua relevância social para o município e também como forma de apoiar os gestores na elaboração de políticas públicas para Araras-SP, uma vez que os dados obtidos permitem avaliar a evolução dos preços

Improved objective bayesian estimator for a PLP model hierarchically represented subject to competing risks under minimal repair regime

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical statistical model for a single repairable system subject to several failure modes (competing risks). The paper describes how complex engineered systems may be modelled hierarchically by use of Bayesian methods. It is also assumed that repairs are minimal and each failure mode has a power-law intensity. Our proposed model generalizes another one already presented in the literature and continues the study initiated by us in another published paper. Some properties of the new model are discussed. We conduct statistical inference under an objective Bayesian framework. A simulation study is carried out to investigate the efficiency of the proposed methods. Finally, our methodology is illustrated by two practical situations currently addressed in a project under development arising from a partnership between Petrobras and six research institutes

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Práticas de treinamento in company

21

Práticas de treinamento in company

21

Resumos em andamento - Educação Física

Resumos em andamento - Educação Físic

Resumos em andamento - Educação Física

Resumos em andamento - Educação Físic