ESTRATEGIA EDUCATIVA COMO EJE FUNDAMENTAL DEL CUIDADO ENFERMERO HACIA LA GESTANTE QUE VIVE EN CONDICIÓN DE VIH/SIDA, PARA LA PREVENCION DE LA TRANSMISIÓN VERTICAL

The increase in HIV / AIDS in females of childbearing age results in the vertical infection from mother to child and in turn, the incidence of HIV/AIDS in children. In this regard, prenatal or vertical transmission of HIV can occur during pregnancy, childbirth or through breast milk in breastfeeding. In this sense the objective is to design an action plan with educational strategies as key to nursing care of pregnant women living with HIV / AIDS, for prevention of vertical transmission of expectant mothers at the care center of La Morera, Juan German Roscio, Guarico (Venezuela). The methodology is part of a feasible project based on a descriptive field study, the population comprising of users attending the consultation of this center. The non-probability sample of the census included 20 expectant women who attended during the implementation period the data collection, which corresponded to a questionnaire of 30 dichotomous questions, and was validated by experts. The reliability obtained by Kuder Richarsond 20 was 0.89. The results determined that the patient had general knowledge of vertical transmission of HIV / AIDS, have limitations with respect to risk factors. In this sense, it was concluded that nursing care in obstetrics plays a very important role in detection, prevention and treatment of vertical transmission of HIV / AIDS in addition to the respective control that can receive guidance from the health team. That is the reason why having tools such as lesson plans, designed beforehand to offer the education they require.El incremento de VIH SIDA en la población femenina en edad fértil trae como consecuencia la infección vertical de la madre al hijo y a su vez la incidencia del VIH SIDA en la población infantil. En este sentido, la transmisión vertical o prenatal del VIH puede ocurrir durante el embarazo, el parto o por medio de la leche materna en el amamantamiento. En este sentido, se plantea como objetivo diseñar un plan de acción con estrategias educativas como eje fundamental del cuidado enfermero hacia la gestante que vive en condición de VIH/sida, para la prevención de la transmisión vertical dirigido a las mujeres embarazadas que asisten al centro de atención integral “La Morera”, Municipio Juan German Roscio, Guarico - Venezuela. La metodología utilizada se enmarcó en un proyecto factible fundamentado en un estudio de campo descriptivo, la población estuvo conformada por las usuarias que asisten a la consulta de dicho centro, la muestra de tipo no probabilística censal comprendió 20 gestantes que asistieron durante el período de aplicación del instrumento de recolección de datos, este último correspondió a un cuestionario de 30 preguntas dicotómicas, el cual fue validado por expertos y la confiabilidad obtenida a través de Kuder Richarsond 20, fue de 0,89. Los resultados determinan que las usuarias tenían conocimiento general acerca de la transmisión vertical del VIH/SIDA, teniendo limitaciones con respecto a los factores de riesgo; en este sentido, se concluye que el cuidado de enfermería en el área obstétrica juega un papel importantísimo en la detección, prevención y atención de la transmisión vertical del VIH SIDA, siendo, además del control respectivo, las orientaciones que puede recibir por parte del equipo de salud, de allí que cuente con herramientas como los planes de enseñanza, previamente diseñados para lograr llevar a cabo la educación que requieren

New process to describe radiation damage at the molecular level. Application to I-125 seeds in water

ICPEAC 2015, Toledo, Spain on 22 –28 July 2015; http://www.icpeac2015.com/We present the first step of a general study on induced damage by 125I in water at the molecular level. Requirements for such a study are introduced and preliminary results on the emission spectra of 125I seeds are presented.This work was supported by MINECO (FIS2012-31230) and FCT/MEC, RaBBiT, PD-F,PD/00193/2012); UID/Multi/04378/2013 (UCIBIO); UID/FIS/00068/2013 (CEFITEC); and grant number SFRH/BD/52536/2014.Peer Reviewe

Theoretical review of the brand loyalty: approaches and valuations

[ES] El concepto de lealtad no es nuevo en el mercadeo, por el contrario ha sido uno de los temas más investigados, sin embargo no se ha llegado a unificar criterios sobre su definición por ser un fenómeno complejo. Inicialmente, el estudio de la lealtad se abordó desde dos corrientes diferentes: como una actitud, donde se dan cabida sentimientos y afectos positivos a favor de una marca; como un comportamiento efectivo, materializado en compras repetidas de la misma marca. Luego, se consideró una corriente que plantea que la medición de la lealtad no concierne exclusivamente a la valoración del comportamiento de recompra o al compromiso, sino a ambos. El objetivo de este artículo es el describir los aspectos más relevantes del concepto de lealtad de marca, a partir de la revisión y análisis teórico, específicamente su definición, enfoques, métodos de medición y tipos, para presentar algunas consideraciones finales.[EN] The concept of loyalty is not new in marketing; in fact, it has been one of the most investigated topics. Nevertheless it has not managed to unify criteria on its definition for being a complex phenomenon. Initially, the study of the loyalty was approached from two different ways: As an attitude, where they give themselves fitted feelings and positive affections in favour of a brand; and as an effective behavior materialized in purchases repeated of the same brand. Then, it was considered to be a current that rises that the measurement of the loyalty does not concern exclusively the valuation of the behavior of repurchase or the commitment, both of them. The aim of this article is to describe the most relevant aspects of the concept of brand loyalty, from the review and theoretical analysis, specifically its definition, approaches, methods of measurement and types, to present some final considerations

An absolute calibration system for millimeter-accuracy APOLLO measurements

Lunar laser ranging provides a number of leading experimental tests of gravitation -- important in our quest to unify General Relativity and the Standard Model of physics. The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) has for years achieved median range precision at the ~2 mm level. Yet residuals in model-measurement comparisons are an order-of-magnitude larger, raising the question of whether the ranging data are not nearly as accurate as they are precise, or if the models are incomplete or ill-conditioned. This paper describes a new absolute calibration system (ACS) intended both as a tool for exposing and eliminating sources of systematic error, and also as a means to directly calibrate ranging data in-situ. The system consists of a high-repetition-rate (80 MHz) laser emitting short (< 10 ps) pulses that are locked to a cesium clock. In essence, the ACS delivers photons to the APOLLO detector at exquisitely well-defined time intervals as a "truth" input against which APOLLO's timing performance may be judged and corrected. Preliminary analysis indicates no inaccuracies in APOLLO data beyond the ~3 mm level, suggesting that historical APOLLO data are of high quality and motivating continued work on model capabilities. The ACS provides the means to deliver APOLLO data both accurate and precise below the 2 mm level.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravit

Risk factors for brain health in agricultural work: a systematic review

Includes bibliographical references.Certain exposures related to agricultural work have been associated with neurological disorders. To date, few studies have included brain health measurements to link specific risk factors with possible neural mechanisms. Moreover, a synthesis of agricultural risk factors associated with poorer brain health outcomes is missing. In this systematic review, we identified 106 articles using keywords related to agriculture, occupational exposure, and the brain. We identified seven major risk factors: non-specific factors that are associated with agricultural work itself, toluene, pesticides, heavy metal or dust exposure, work with farm animals, and nicotine exposure from plants. Of these, pesticides are the most highly studied. The majority of qualifying studies were epidemiological studies. Nigral striatal regions were the most well studied brain area impacted. Of the three human neuroimaging studies we found, two focused on functional networks and the third focused on gray matter. We identified two major directions for future studies that will help inform preventative strategies for brain health in vulnerable agricultural workers: (1) the effects of moderators such as type of work, sex, migrant status, race, and age; and (2) more comprehensive brain imaging studies, both observational and experimental, involving several imaging techniques

INTERVENCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA DURANTE LA CLÍNICA PRENATAL Y CONOCIMIENTO SOBRE RIESGOS FISIOLÓGICOS DE LA ADOLESCENTE EMBARAZADA

This study aims to: Identify the relationship between the intervention of the nurse in the prenatal clinic and awareness of pregnant women as to the physiological risks. Methodologically it corresponds to a descriptive correlated field study; it was conducted in urban clinics in San Juan de Los Morros, Guarico State (Venezuela). The sample consisted of two groups, with non-probabilistic convenience sample comprised of 16 nurses from clinics and 41 pregnant teenagers. The information was collected through two instruments, one applied to nurses with 42 items and the other for teenagers with 29 items. For both instruments the Alpha Crombach was applied as an index of reliability, which gives a coefficient of 0.93 and 0.79 respectively, which showed a high level of reliability to be applied to the sample above. Among the relevant findings is that there is no statistically significant relationship between the intervention of the nurse in the prenatal clinic and the pregnant teenager&rsquo;s awareness of the physiological risks. Also, it is argued that there is no statistically significant relationship between the intervention of the nurse in the prenatal clinic in their role of caregiver and the pregnant teenager's awareness of the physiological risks. However, there is a statistically significant relationship between the intervention of the nurse in the prenatal clinic in their role as teacher, and the pregnant teenager&rsquo;s knowledge of the physiological risks. Therefore, it is recommended that educational activities are developed, based on physiological risk factors, and also assess the ability of mother to apply the learning gained during the educational sessions. &nbsp;El&nbsp;&nbsp; presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relaci&oacute;n que existe entre la intervenci&oacute;n de la enfermera en la cl&iacute;nica prenatal y el conocimiento de la embarazada sobre los riesgos fisiol&oacute;gicos. Metodol&oacute;gicamente correspondi&oacute; a un estudio de campo descriptivo correlacional, se realiz&oacute; en los ambulatorios urbanos de San Juan de los Morros, Estado Gu&aacute;rico. La muestra estuvo conformada por dos grupos, con&nbsp; muestreo no probabil&iacute;stica por conveniencia, conformado por las 16 enfermeras de los ambulatorios y 41 adolescentes embarazadas. La recolecci&oacute;n de informaci&oacute;n fue a trav&eacute;s de dos instrumentos, uno aplicado a las enfermeras con 42 &iacute;tems&nbsp; y el otro para las adolescentes con 29 &iacute;tems, para ambos instrumentos se les aplic&oacute; como &iacute;ndice de confiabilidad el Alfa de Crombach, el cual arroj&oacute; un coeficiente de&nbsp; 0,93 y 0,79 respectivamente, lo que demostr&oacute; un alto &iacute;ndice de confiabilidad para ser aplicado a la muestra final antes descrita. Entre las conclusiones relevantes est&aacute; que no existe relaci&oacute;n estad&iacute;sticamente significativa entre la intervenci&oacute;n de la enfermera en la cl&iacute;nica prenatal y el conocimiento de la adolescente embarazada&nbsp; sobre los riesgos fisiol&oacute;gicos; adem&aacute;s, se plantea que no existe relaci&oacute;n estad&iacute;sticamente significativa entre la intervenci&oacute;n de la enfermera en la cl&iacute;nica prenatal en su funci&oacute;n asistencial y&nbsp; el conocimiento de la adolescente embarazada sobre los riesgos fisiol&oacute;gicos; pero existe relaci&oacute;n estad&iacute;sticamente significativa entre la intervenci&oacute;n de la enfermera en la cl&iacute;nica prenatal en sus funci&oacute;n docente y el conocimiento de la adolescente embarazada sobre los riesgos fisiol&oacute;gicos. Por lo tanto, se recomienda desarrollar actividades educativas, en base a factores de riesgo fisiol&oacute;gico, as&iacute; mismo evaluar la habilidad de la madre para aplicar el aprendizaje obtenido durante las sesiones educativa

Desarrollo embrionario de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae), bajo condiciones de laboratorio

Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. The development of L. longipalpis eggs was monitored for six days under experimental conditions. This allowed describing the internal and external morphological characteristics of the egg and the newly born larvae, as well as estimating their length.&nbsp; In eggs with one and two days of development, abundant vitello was observed without clear formation of blastula and gastrula. On the third day, a decrease in the vitelline envelope and the differentiation of some larval structures were recorded. On the fourth day the larva formed was observed, but not sclerotized. On the fifth day we visualized the caudal setae and through the chorion the differentiated larval structures, and on the sixth day the majority (90 %) of the larvae had hatched. On average, the length of the eggs was 372.8 µm and the width 109.0 µm, while the length of the larvae was 628.8 µm and the length of the caudal setae was 686.7 µmLutzomyia longipalpis es el principal vector de la leishmaniasis visceral en las Américas. Durante seis días se hizo seguimiento al desarrollo de los huevos de L. longipalpis bajo condiciones experimentales. Esto permitió describir las características morfológicas internas y externas del huevo y de las larvas recién nacidas, así como estimar su longitud. En huevos con uno y dos días de desarrollo, se observó abundante vitelo sin formación clara de blástula y gástrula. Al tercer día, se registró una disminución de la envoltura vitelina y la diferenciación de algunas estructuras de la larva. En el cuarto día se observó la larva formada, pero sin quitinización. Al quinto día se visualizaron las setas caudales y a través del corión las estructuras diferenciadas de la larva, y al sexto día la mayoría (90 %) de las larvas había eclosionado. En promedio, la longitud de los huevos fue de 372,8 µm y el ancho de 109,0 µm, en tanto que la longitud de las larvas fue de 628,8 µm y la de las setas caudales 686,7 µm

Global Antifungal Profile Optimization of Chlorophenyl Derivatives against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Twenty-two aromatic derivatives bearing a chlorine atom and a different chain in the para or meta position were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The results showed that maximum inhibition of the growth of these fungi was exhibited for enantiomers S and R of 1-(40-chlorophenyl)- 2-phenylethanol (3 and 4). Furthermore, their antifungal activity showed a clear structure-activity relationship (SAR) trend confirming the importance of the benzyl hydroxyl group in the inhibitory mechanism of the compounds studied. Additionally, a multiobjective optimization study of the global antifungal profile of chlorophenyl derivatives was conducted in order to establish a rational strategy for the filtering of new fungicide candidates from combinatorial libraries. The MOOPDESIRE methodology was used for this purpose providing reliable ranking models that can be used later

White matter plasticity in healthy older adults: The effects of aerobic exercise

White matter deterioration is associated with cognitive impairment in healthy aging and Alzheimer\u27s disease. It is critical to identify interventions that can slow down white matter deterioration. So far, clinical trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of aerobic exercise on the adult white matter using diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Here, we report the effects of a 6-month aerobic walking and dance interventions (clinical trial NCT01472744) on white matter integrity in healthy older adults (n = 180, 60-79 years) measured by changes in the ratio of calibrated T1- to T2-weighted images (T1w/T2w). Specifically, the aerobic walking and social dance interventions resulted in positive changes in the T1w/T2w signal in late-myelinating regions, as compared to widespread decreases in the T1w/T2w signal in the active control. Notably, in the aerobic walking group, positive change in the T1w/T2w signal correlated with improved episodic memory performance. Lastly, intervention-induced increases in cardiorespiratory fitness did not correlate with change in the T1w/T2w signal. Together, our findings suggest that white matter regions that are vulnerable to aging retain some degree of plasticity that can be induced by aerobic exercise training. In addition, we provided evidence that the T1w/T2w signal may be a useful and broadly accessible measure for studying short-term within-person plasticity and deterioration in the adult human white matter