How eBSV polymorphism could enlighten BSV and banana evolution story?

The nuclear genome of banana plants is invaded by numerous viral sequences of banana streak viruses (BSV), a DNA virus belonging to the family Caulimoviridae. These integrations are mostly defective as a result of pseudogenisation driven by the host genome evolution. Conversely some named infectious, can release a functional viral genome following activating stresses. We characterized the infectious endogenous BSV (eBSV) for three BSV species (BSOLV, BSGFV and BSImV) present within the Musa balbisiana B genome of the seedy diploid Pisang Klutuk Wulung (PKW). Our aim is to study PKW-related BSV integrations among the diversity of the banana B genomes in order to retrace the evolutionary BSV and banana stories We extended on purpose the M. balbisiana diversity by the addition of interspecific hybrids with M. acuminata showing different levels of ploidy for the B genome (ABB, AAB, AB) of the banana sample in order to include unsampled or extinct M. balbisiana ressources. We also based the analysis referring to the two areas of sympatry between M. acuminata and M. balbisiana and the centers of origin for the most largely cultivated AAB cultivars. One was in India and the other one in East Asia going from Philippines to New Guinea (Perrier et al, 2009). We characterized the PKW-related eBSV allelic polymorphism using PCR markers (described in poster Galzi & Duroy et al.) and Southern blots on 77 accessions. We codified the results of Southern blot and PCR in order to calculate a common dissimilarity matrix and interpret the eBSV distribution. As a result, three dendrograms of PKW-related eBSV made with the Neighbor Joining (NJ) method on the 77 banana accessions, for each BSV species, are presented as well as one dendogram resulting of NJ analysis for the three BSV species all together . We show that the known phylogeny of banana accessions can enlighten the eBSV structure diversity and that eBSV polymorphisms can help to understand the particularly unresolved M. balbisiana diversity. An evolutionary scheme of BSV/eBSV banana evolution will be proposed. (Texte intégral

Séparation et reconstruction des ondes dans les barres élastiques et viscoélastiques à partir de mesures redondantes

International audienceWhen using a classical SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) set-up, the useful measuring time is limited by the need of separating the waves propagating in opposite directions. A new method for separating and rebuilding waves in finite bars was developed, with no time limit, from N strain measurements and P particle velocity measurements (N+P⩾2). It takes account of the wave dispersion in elastic and viscoelastic bars. The method is illustrated with the loading of a free bar where the measured displacement is 30 times longer than the displacement that would be obtained with the classical method.La durée du chargement habituellement utilisée avec le système des barres de Hopkinson (ou SHPB pour Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar) est limitée par la nécessité de séparer les ondes se propageant dans des sens opposés. En utilisant le principe du maximum de vraisemblance, et à partir de N mesures de déformation et P mesures de vitesse matérielle (N+P⩾2), nous construisons une nouvelle méthode de séparation des ondes dans les barres. Cette méthode permet de calculer, sans limitation de durée, les contraintes, les déformations, les déplacements et les vitesses matérielles en tout point de la barre. Elle tient compte des effets dispersifs aussi bien dans les barres élastiques que dans les barres viscoélastiques. Elle est illustrée sur une barre libre pour laquelle le déplacement mesuré est 30 fois supérieur à celui qui serait atteint par la méthode classique

Analysis of genetic diversity in Tunisian citrus rootstocks

Breeding and selection of new citrus rootstocks are nowadays of the utmost importance in the Mediterranean Basin because the citrus industry faces increasing biotic and abiotic constraints. In Tunisia, citrus contributes significantly to the national economy, and its extension is favored by natural conditions and economic considerations. Sour orange, the most widespread traditional rootstock of the Mediterranean area, is also the main one in Tunisia. In addition to sour orange, other citrus rootstocks well adapted to local environmental conditions are traditionally used and should be important genetic resources for breeding. Prior to initiation of any breeding program, the exploration of Tunisian citrus rootstock diversity was a priority. Two hundred and one local accessions belonging to four facultative apomictic species (Citrus aurantium, sour orange; Citrus sinensis, sweet orange; Citrus limon, lemon; and Citrus aurantifolia, lime) were collected and genotyped using 20 nuclear SSR markers and four InDel mitochondrial markers. Sixteen distinct Multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) were identified and compared to references from French and Spanish collections. The differentiation of the four varietal groups was well-marked. Each group displayed a relatively high allelic diversity, primarily due to very high heterozygosity. The Tunisian citrus rootstock genetic diversity is predominantly due to high heterozygosity and differentiation between the four varietal groups. The phenotypic diversity within the varietal groups has resulted from multiple introductions, somatic mutations and rare sexual recombination events. This diversity study enabled the identification of a core sample of accessions for further physiological and agronomic evaluations. These core accessions will be integrated into citrus rootstock breeding programs for the Mediterranean Basin. (Résumé d'auteur

End-User Modelling

National audienceno abstrac

Interopérabilité des systèmes d'information : approches dirigées par les modèles

National audienceInformation systems are more and more often based on aggregation of other systems that must be maintained and evolved in an agile way and with no entropy creation. This is not without interoperability problems! Among others, the aim of Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is to provide solutions for interoperability issues between systems. This paper summarizes thoughts that have come up from the specific action "Interoper- ability of information systems and model-driven engineering: What challenges? What solutions?" supported by inforsid. We propose a summary of approaches that are based on MDE and knowledge engineering and that tackle interoperability issues in the industry. Open questions and limitations that raised during the meetings are also reported

So in video-mediated communication in the Expanding Circle

The English discourse marker so can mark result, inference, connection, topic development, action prompting, and emergence of incipiency. In English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) contexts, it also marks hesitation, self-correction, and floor-holding. Our paper uses quantitative and qualitative discourse analytical methodology to examine so in a corpus of video-mediated informal conversations between ELF speakers, where it is the most frequent discourse marker. The analysis demonstrates that all functions documented in first-language English use also occur in ELF. We also document extended uses of so to prompt inference and to illustrate pragmatic competence, particularly in combination with other discourse markers such as okay