Cofactorization on Graphics Processing Units

We show how the cofactorization step, a compute-intensive part of the relation collection phase of the number field sieve (NFS), can be farmed out to a graphics processing unit. Our implementation on a GTX 580 GPU, which is integrated with a state-of-the-art NFS implementation, can serve as a cryptanalytic co-processor for several Intel i7-3770K quad-core CPUs simultaneously. This allows those processors to focus on the memory-intensive sieving and results in more useful NFS-relations found in less time

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: “AbSeS”, a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock). Methods: We performed a multicenter (n = 309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: The cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation. Conclusion: This multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection

Anaesthetic hypersensitivity reactions in France between 2011 and 2012: the 10th GERAP epidemiologic survey

International audienceBACKGROUND:Immediate hypersensitivity reactions during anaesthesia are rare but potentially life-threatening. The epidemiology changes with time and evolving professional practice, and hence needs to be monitored. Our objective was to follow this epidemiology.METHODS:This was a retrospective, observational study in French hospital clinics, conducted by GERAP members (Groupe d'Étude des Réactions Anaphylactoïdes Périopératoires). Consecutive patients seen in allergo-anaesthesia outpatient clinics, who had experienced a hypersensitivity reaction during anaesthesia between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012, were included. Demographic data, allergy history, drugs received before the reaction, symptoms of the reaction, results of blood samples (histamine, tryptase, IgE-specific assays), and results of the allergy assessment were recorded.RESULTS:The most common causes of allergic reactions were (Neuromuscular Blocking Agents) NMBAs (N = 302; 60.6%), antibiotics (N = 91, 18.2%, Cephalosporin N = 49, 10%) and dyes (N = 27; 5.4%). Latex as an allergic agent was involved in 26 cases (5.2%), hypnotics in 11 cases (2.2%) and opioids in seven cases (1.4%). Of the NMBAs, Rocuronium had the highest proportion of reactions (13.8 reactions/100,000 vials sold) followed by Suxamethonium (13.3/100,000 vials sold). Cisatracurium had the lowest proportion of reactions (0.4/100,000 vials sold). Patients were sensitized to two or more NMBAs in 48.9% of cases and without testing, cross-sensitivity cannot be predicted.CONCLUSIONS:When compared with the previous GERAP studies, NMBAs are still the most frequently triggering allergens, with marked differences between individual NMBAs, but they are now followed by antibiotics (of which greater than 50% were cephalosporins) and dyes. Anaesthetists must be aware of the differences between drugs and of the pattern of emerging allergens. For the future of safe anaesthesia, allergy assessment is essential