ELABORATING INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS WITH EXPERTS USING A MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION TOOL. THE CASE OF SOIL BORNE DISEASE CONTROL IN MARKETGARDENING CROPPING SYSTEMS

International audienceMarket-gardening cropping systems in protected cultivation are very sensitive to soil-borne pests and diseases. Their productivity used to rely on pesticides, but alternative systems have now to be found for environmental, societal and health reasons. Many cultural techniques are known to provide some control of soilborne diseases, but are only partially efficient. The aim of the project is to design alternative systems with professionals, by improving the efficiency of the present techniques and/or imagining more innovative systems. The research project takes place in two steps. The first one consists in building a tool to assess the resistance or resilience of a given cropping system to soil-borne pests; the second one consists in using the tool with professionals in order to build alternative cropping and farming systems in cooperation. The model built for evaluation is a qualitative multicriteria tool. As scientific knowledge is not available for each technique or combination of techniques, empirical knowledge collected from growers and technical advisers is used to fill the gaps. The model is already built for root-knot nematodes and under construction for the other fungi. The second step will consist in using the tool with technical advisers and growers to redesign cropping systems and select the promising ones that should be put into trial in R&D stations. Co-building farming systems with stakeholders appears as an absolute necessity, to imagine solutions both efficient and acceptable for growers. The presentation will enable to discuss how combining expert and scientific knowledge may not only fill the knowledge gap, but also enable to build innovative solutions thanks to the diversity of experts' standpoints

Theoretical and practical convergence of a self-adaptive penalty algorithm for constrained global optimization

This paper proposes a self-adaptive penalty function and presents a penalty-based algorithm for solving nonsmooth and nonconvex constrained optimization problems. We prove that the general constrained optimization problem is equivalent to a bound constrained problem in the sense that they have the same global solutions. The global minimizer of the penalty function subject to a set of bound constraints may be obtained by a population-based meta-heuristic. Further, a hybrid self-adaptive penalty firefly algorithm, with a local intensification search, is designed, and its convergence analysis is established. The numerical experiments and a comparison with other penalty-based approaches show the effectiveness of the new self-adaptive penalty algorithm in solving constrained global optimization problems.The authors would like to thank the referees, the Associate Editor and the Editor-in-Chief for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the paper. This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT - Funda¸c˜ao para a Ciˆencia e Tecnologia within the projects UID/CEC/00319/2013 and UID/MAT/00013/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection and sepsis in critically ill patients: “AbSeS”, a multinational observational cohort study and ESICM Trials Group Project

Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of intra-abdominal infection in an international cohort of ICU patients according to a new system that classifies cases according to setting of infection acquisition (community-acquired, early onset hospital-acquired, and late-onset hospital-acquired), anatomical disruption (absent or present with localized or diffuse peritonitis), and severity of disease expression (infection, sepsis, and septic shock). Methods: We performed a multicenter (n = 309), observational, epidemiological study including adult ICU patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal infection. Risk factors for mortality were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: The cohort included 2621 patients. Setting of infection acquisition was community-acquired in 31.6%, early onset hospital-acquired in 25%, and late-onset hospital-acquired in 43.4% of patients. Overall prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was 26.3% and difficult-to-treat resistant Gram-negative bacteria 4.3%, with great variation according to geographic region. No difference in prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed according to setting of infection acquisition. Overall mortality was 29.1%. Independent risk factors for mortality included late-onset hospital-acquired infection, diffuse peritonitis, sepsis, septic shock, older age, malnutrition, liver failure, congestive heart failure, antimicrobial resistance (either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria, or carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria) and source control failure evidenced by either the need for surgical revision or persistent inflammation. Conclusion: This multinational, heterogeneous cohort of ICU patients with intra-abdominal infection revealed that setting of infection acquisition, anatomical disruption, and severity of disease expression are disease-specific phenotypic characteristics associated with outcome, irrespective of the type of infection. Antimicrobial resistance is equally common in community-acquired as in hospital-acquired infection

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Cofactorization on Graphics Processing Units

We show how the cofactorization step, a compute-intensive part of the relation collection phase of the number field sieve (NFS), can be farmed out to a graphics processing unit. Our implementation on a GTX 580 GPU, which is integrated with a state-of-the-art NFS implementation, can serve as a cryptanalytic co-processor for several Intel i7-3770K quad-core CPUs simultaneously. This allows those processors to focus on the memory-intensive sieving and results in more useful NFS-relations found in less time

[Prehabilitation, therapeutic innovation]

The concept of prehabilitation emerged in the United States in the 1940s to maintain the performance of American soldiers notably through good nutrition and sport. It was then a question of optimising the patient's health status in a pre-treatment situation and reducing surgical stress. The specific collaborative programme Proadapt, comprising multiprofessional expertise, was put in place for elderly patients in 2016

Hybridation opérationnelle des logiques OWL2 et ASP pour améliorer l'expressivité déclarative

National audienceAs part of an activity recommendation tool dedicated to therapeutic patient education, we proposed the ORALOoS solution combining OWL2 + SWRL, augmented with the Python Owlready module. The use of the imperative code makes it possible to overcome certain limitations of expressiveness, such as the absence of negation in the SWRL rules. However, it strongly counterbalances the declarative character of the approach allowed by OWL2. While preserving this characteristic, we present a solution to replace the SWRL rules and the imperative code by a program in Answer Set Programming. This idea is not new, but few studies have led to truly operational solutions in an industrial context. Our proposal is suggested in two steps : 1) use of the Hexlite solver which gives good results in terms of declarative expressiveness but remains difficult to operate with, and 2) development of a new operational library, hybridizing OWL2 and ASP with features similar to Hexlite but easy to use.Dans le cadre d'un outil de recommandation d'activités dédié à l'éducation thérapeutique du patient, nous avons proposé la solution ORALOoS combinant OWL2 + SWRL, augmentée du module Python Owlready. L'usage de code impératif permet de pallier certaines limitations d'expressivité, comme l'absence de négation dans les règles SWRL. Cependant, il contrebalance fortement le caractère déclaratif de l'approche permis par OWL2. Tout en préservant cette caractéristique, nous présentons une solution pour remplacer règles SWRL et code impératif par un programme en Answer Set Programming. Cette idée n'est pas nouvelle mais peu de travaux ont abouti à des solutions réellement opérationnelles dans un contexte industriel. Notre proposition est abordée en deux étapes : 1) utilisation du solveur Hexlite qui donne de bons résultats en termes d'expressivité déclarative mais reste difficile à mettre en oeuvre, et 2) développement d'une nouvelle librairie opérationnelle, hybridant OWL2 et ASP avec des fonctionnalités similaires à Hexlite mais d'un usage facilité