The Role of University-Required Fitness Courses in Students\u27 Health and Exercise Practices

Lifetime fitness (LF) classes include exercise, sport, and recreational activity courses. The main purposes of LF classes are to give health education that elicits mental, social, and physical preparation for a lifelong experience of fitness. However, previous research has not extensively investigated the role of LF classes on students’ motivations to exercise during and after completing the course. PURPOSE: To determine whether or not taking an LF class contributes to a student’s motivation to exercise, to determine a motivation for signing up for an LF course, to determine why they chose that specific class, and to determine the degree to which an LF class effectively changes a student’s view on exercise. METHODS: Male and female college students (n=183) were recruited from LF classes, including aerobic walking, aerobic running, volleyball, softball, strength training, golf, bowling, and fitness theory. At the beginning of the semester, a survey was given via Qualtrics that asked four open-ended questions about the students’ views of LF classes. RESULTS: In response to the first question, “Why did you choose this LF course?”, 30% of the students responded it was to play a fun sport. Other responses included to maintain a healthy lifestyle (15%), to continue to play a sport they played before the LF class (17%), or to learn how to play a new sport (17%). The second question asked, “Why are you taking an LF course?”, and 87% of the students responded it was required. The other 13% responded they took it for fun, or they wanted to take it with a friend. The third question asked, “Why do you think Baylor requires you to take an LF class?”. 86% of the students felt that Baylor requires LF classes for the well-being of students, while 14% were not sure why or believed it was for monetary purposes. The final question asked, “What is your motivation for exercising, both in an LF and outside of class?” To this question, 98% of participants responded saying their motivation was to maintain health or for fun, social reasons. The other 2% responded saying their motivation was a GPA boost. CONCLUSIONS: When asked why students are taking an LF class, the majority of students indicated they did so for reasons from a negative approach. However, when asked about exercise motivation as a whole, the majority of the students indicated reasons for wanting to exercise from a positive approach. The disparity between answers given for these two questions may indicate a motivational distinction between LF classes and exercise in general. Therefore, further research exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations between exercise and LF classes is warranted

Energy demand and the context-dependent effects of genetic interactions underlying metabolism

Genetic effects are often context dependent, with the same genotype differentially affecting phenotypes across environments, life stages, and sexes.We used an environmental manipulation designed to increase energy demand during development to investigate energy demand as a general physiological explanation for context-dependent effects of mutations, particularly for those mutations that affect metabolism. We found that increasing the photoperiod during which Drosophila larvae are active during development phenocopies a temperature-dependent developmental delay in a mitochondrial-nuclear genotype with disrupted metabolism. This result indicates that the context-dependent fitness effects of this genotype are not specific to the effects of temperature and may generally result from variation in energy demand. The effects of this genotype also differ across life stages and between the sexes. The mitochondrial-nuclear genetic interaction disrupts metabolic rate in growing larvae, but not in adults, and compromises female, but not male, reproductive fitness. These patterns are consistent with a model where context-dependent genotype-phenotype relationships may generally arise from differences in energy demand experienced by individuals across environments, life stages, and sexes

Senior Recital: Eric Donaldson, trumpet and flugelhorn & Erik Kosman, percussion

This recital is presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degrees Bachelor of Music in Music Education. Mr. Donaldson studies trumpet with Douglas Lindsey. Mr. Kosman studies percussion with John Lawless.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1456/thumbnail.jp

Competition in old growth Pinus resinosa in relation to basal area, growth rate, and biomass.

General EcologyThis study focuses on relative growth rate, percent basal area, distance and biomass in relation to Pinus resinosa competition in the Pellston Plain, Northern Michigan. We ask how the proportion of tree basal area in an old growth P. resinosa plot affects growth rate, and how biomass changes over time. We measured these variables and compared to previous data collections from 1942-1999. P. resinosa RGRs are negatively correlated with basal area coverage at certain time intervals as a result of increased competitive stress with increased density. Total above ground biomass increases over time until 2011 as a result of high mortality. These findings contribute to the scientific understanding of the Pellston Plain, specifically regarding competitive interactions and their effects on biomass, relative growth rate, and proportion of basal area of a mature P. resinosa stand.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/85765/1/Cole_Easley-Appleyard_Salowitz_2011.pd

Effects and Implications of Wearing a Face Mask on Cardiopulmonary Performance During Exercise

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted the use of a face mask (FM) to minimize the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. The use of an FM being an accepted precautionary measure to reduce viral transmission, there is a need for examining the physiological effects of wearing an FM, specifically during exercise. PURPOSE: To assess the impact of wearing a surgical FM on cardiopulmonary parameters and exercise performance. METHODS: Nine males and 9 females (age = 21.6 ± 2.5 yrs; BMI = 24.4 ± 3.1 kg/m2) participated in 2 laboratory visits where they completed a graded maximal exercise test using a modified Bruce Protocol. Participants were randomized to which laboratory visit they would complete first, with face mask (WFM) or without face mask (WOFM), which were performed at least 48 hours apart. Expired gases, blood pressure, heart rate, blood O2 saturation including perfusion index, and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were measured and compared between the WFM and WOFM trials at 6 different intensities (rest, 40%, 55%, 70%, 80%, and 100% VO2max), using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in VO2 (p = 0.001 and n2 = 0.73) between the WFM (38.5 ± 6.8 mL/kg/min) and WOFM (44.3 ± 7.4 mL/kg/min) trials only at the 100% VO2max intensity, where significantly lower values were also found during the WFM trial for respiratory rate (40.0 ± 6.8 vs 47.8 ± 8.9 bpm, p = 0.001, n2 = 0.62), respiratory exchange ratio (1.07 ± 0.08 vs 1.14 ± 0.64, p = 0.001, n2 = 0.52), and the partial pressure of expired oxygen (125.7 ± 3.5 vs 129.4 ± 3.1 mmHg, p = 0.0001, n2 = 0.54). In contrast, the partial pressure of expired carbon dioxide (32.8 ± 3.1 vs 30.8 ± 3.3 mmHg, p = 0.01, n2 = 0.33) was significantly higher during the WFM trial only at 100% VO2max intensity. No other parameters significantly differed at any of the intensities. CONCLUSION: Oxygen consumption was lower with face masks only as participants advanced from 80% to maximal effort. Notably, participants had a slower respiratory rate and exhaled a higher concentration of carbon dioxide with face masks. This result suggests that expired carbon dioxide accumulated under the face masks and participants subsequently rebreathed this expired carbon dioxide. There is no evidence that suggests exercise below 80% of VO2max while wearing face masks will cause any concerning changes in cardiopulmonary parameters. However, it is recommended that future studies examine how different types of face masks may affect cardiopulmonary function during exercise in a variety of subject populations

American Choral Directors Association Preview Concert with Guest Artist Ola Gjeilo, composer

Kennesaw State University School of Music presents the ACDA National Conference American Choral Directors Association Preview Concert with guest artist Ola Gjeilo, composer.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1337/thumbnail.jp

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Meeting Abstracts: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo Clearwater Beach, FL, USA. 9-11 June 201

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

development time data

File 1: devtime.xlsx 5 data sheets Eclose16_LD.txt Eclose16_LL.txt Eclose22_LL.txt Eclose22_LD.txt Eclose25_LD.txt Rows: each row represents a single adult that eclosed on a given date with a particular development time in days (“EcloseDay”) Columns: Date — date vial was scored for progeny; Mito — mtDNA genotype; Nuc — nuclear genotype; Temp — rearing temperature; Light — photoperiod; 12,12 (LD) or 24,0 (LL); Vial — unique identifier for each vial; EcloseDay — days until eclosion

metabolic rate data

File 2: metrate.xlsx 4 data sheets MRdat_Group1616.txt MRdat_Group2525.txt MRdat_Group1625.txt MRdat_Group2516.txt Rows: each row represents a measure of average VCO2 from a chamber containing 10 adult flies Columns date — date of measurement; run — unique run of the respirometry system; rep — each chamber was sampled twice during the run; line — (mtDNA);nuclear genotype; mtDNA — mtDNA genotype; nuclear — nuclear genotype; tdev - development rearing temperature in C; tmeasure - temperature in C at which metabolic rate was measured; sex; CO2 — average rate of CO2 production; CO2.se — standard error of this average; mass — mass of 10 flies in chamber; MassMeasured — the initial mass of 10 flies corrected for any flies lost during the experiment (total mass - mean mass * number of flies lost); Act1 — the median absolute difference of the squared activity signal; Act2 — the standard error of the squared activity signa