VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad

Acta de congresoLa conmemoración de los cien años de la Reforma Universitaria de 1918 se presentó como una ocasión propicia para debatir el rol de la historia, la teoría y la crítica en la formación y en la práctica profesional de diseñadores, arquitectos y urbanistas. En ese marco el VIII Encuentro de Docentes e Investigadores en Historia del Diseño, la Arquitectura y la Ciudad constituyó un espacio de intercambio y reflexión cuya realización ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración entre Facultades de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño de la Universidad Nacional y la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, contando además con la activa participación de mayoría de las Facultades, Centros e Institutos de Historia de la Arquitectura del país y la región. Orientado en su convocatoria tanto a docentes como a estudiantes de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial de todos los niveles de la FAUD-UNC promovió el debate de ideas a partir de experiencias concretas en instancias tales como mesas temáticas de carácter interdisciplinario, que adoptaron la modalidad de presentación de ponencias, entre otras actividades. En el ámbito de VIII Encuentro, desarrollado en la sede Ciudad Universitaria de Córdoba, se desplegaron numerosas posiciones sobre la enseñanza, la investigación y la formación en historia, teoría y crítica del diseño, la arquitectura y la ciudad; sumándose el aporte realizado a través de sus respectivas conferencias de Ana Clarisa Agüero, Bibiana Cicutti, Fernando Aliata y Alberto Petrina. El conjunto de ponencias que se publican en este Repositorio de la UNC son el resultado de dos intensas jornadas de exposiciones, cuyos contenidos han posibilitado actualizar viejos dilemas y promover nuevos debates. El evento recibió el apoyo de las autoridades de la FAUD-UNC, en especial de la Secretaría de Investigación y de la Biblioteca de nuestra casa, como así también de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la UCC; va para todos ellos un especial agradecimiento

Luftveissjukdom i den norske grisepopulasjonen med vekt på Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Respiratory disease is considered a major challenge to the porcine health, welfare, and production. To limit the occurrence and impact of clinical respiratory disease, knowledge of the etiologic agent is crucial. Efforts made by the Norwegian pig production sector has resulted in a unique health situation for the Norwegian pig population. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the suspected agent behind most clinical outbreaks of respiratory disease in pigs in Norway. Due to a complex disease etiology and differences in population structures and production practices, updated knowledge of respiratory disease under the Norwegian conditions was needed. The aim of this thesis was to increase our understanding of infectious respiratory disease in the Norwegian pig population. The aim was approached through a case/control field study of respiratory disease outbreaks, and a genome study. Severe clinical characteristics were observed during the outbreaks, and the disease characteristics were typical of APP. Typical acute pathological lesions of porcine pleuropneumonia were present in lungs and pleura of pigs with acute clinical signs, and APP serovar 8 (APP8) was found to be the main etiologic agent. No other respiratory agents were found to contribute to the disease outbreaks. The results confirmed APPs role as a primary infectious respiratory agent. To further characterize APP8 in the Norwegian pig population, the genomic variability in these bacterial genomes was investigated through whole genome sequencing. Information of the structure of the Norwegian pig population was used to assess its’ effect on the dissemination of genetic lines including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in APP8. A very low within-host variation indicated that APP8 caused monoclonal infections in the pig lungs, yet some within-herd genetic variation was evident. A geographical clustering of APP8 was seen within regions in Norway, and between APP8 in Norway, the United Kingdom (UK) and Denmark. The time of separation between APP8 isolates from the three national populations was estimated using Bayesian inference. The last common ancestors of Norwegian and Danish isolates were estimated to have occurred around 200 years ago, while a separation of the Norwegian and UK isolates happened even longer ago. The occurrence of AMR genes in the Norwegian APP8 isolates was low, and substantially lower than the UK isolates. While a high level of national biosecurity in Norway is the most important contribution to the health status of the Norwegian pig population, biosecurity practices at the farm are important for preventing endemic respiratory agents. A study assessing the total, external and internal biosecurity of herds with outbreaks of respiratory disease and non-outbreak herds was performed using Biocheck.UGent™. No difference in biosecurity levels between the herds with and without outbreaks could be detected. Both herd groups scored higher on external than internal biosecurity. However, a lower internal biosecurity score in both outbreak and non-outbreak herds was found, implying there might be a lack of compliance with important biosecurity measures internally at the farm. In conclusion, APP8 is the dominating serovar of APP in Norway, causing severe outbreaks of clinical respiratory disease in fattening pigs. The structure of the Norwegian pig population has allowed for low variability among APP8 isolates, with clear geographic clustering. International biosecurity considerations allowing for a closed Norwegian pig population has led to a distinct separation between Norwegian isolates and those from neighboring nations Denmark and the UK. More information regarding transmission of APP is needed to assess the influence of biosecurity measures on occurrence of outbreaks with APP. The work described in this thesis has increased our understanding of infectious respiratory disease in the Norwegian pig population and can contribute to improved health of pigs.Luftveissykdommer er i svineproduksjon ansett som et stort problem med store konsekvenser for grisens helse og velferd. For å begrense forekomsten av klinisk luftveissykdom hos gris må man først komme til bunns i hvilke agens som står bak. Den norske svinenæringa har lagt inn store ressurser i å opprettholde en god helse blant norske griser. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) mistenkes å stå bak de fleste utbrudd med luftveissjukdom i den norske grisepopulasjonen i dag. Grunnet komplekse årsaksforhold, og store nasjonale forskjeller i populasjonsstruktur var det behov for å kartlegge luftveissjukdom hos griser ved norske forhold. Som overordnet mål hadde denne avhandlingen å øke forståelsen av smittsom luftveissykdom i den norske grisepopulasjonen. For å nå målet ble det gjennomført en kasus/kontroll feltstudie av luftveisutbrudd, og en genom-studie. Under utbruddene ble det observert alvorlige kliniske tegn, og sykdomsbildet var typisk for APP. Typiske akutte forandringer for ondartet lungesyke var til stede i lunger og brysthinne hos griser med akutte kliniske tegn, og APP serovar 8 (APP8) ble diagnostisert som det viktigste etiologiske agenset. Ingen andre luftveisagens bidro til sykdomsutbruddene. Resultatene bekrefter APP som primæragens ved smittsom luftveissykdom. Gjennom helgenomsekvensering av APP8-isolater fra Norge ble variasjonen i disse bakterienes DNA undersøkt. Informasjon om strukturen i den norske grisepopulasjonen ble brukt til å undersøke effekten av denne på genetisk variasjon og utbredelse av genetiske trekk inkludert antibiotikaresistens i APP8. Det var en beskjeden variasjon mellom APP8 isolater fra Norge. En svært lav variasjon blant isolater fra samme griselunge indikerte at infeksjonene var utgått fra samme bakterieklon. Det ble observert noe variasjon mellom griser innad i den enkelte besetning. Isolatene var tydelig inndelt etter geografisk opphav, både innad i Norge, og mellom APP8 isolater fra Norge, England og Danmark. Studien indikerte at norske og danske isolater må ha skilt lag for 200 år siden, og at norske og engelske isolater må ha skilt lag betydelig mye før det. Forekomsten av antibiotikaresistens-gener i norske APP8 isolater var lav, og betydelig mye lavere enn i engelske isolater. Strukturen i den norske grisepopulasjonen og nasjonale smitteverntiltak som begrenser forflytningen av griser har antakelig påvirket evolusjonen og utbredelse av APP8 i Norge. Et solid smittevern nasjonalt er antakelig det viktigste bidraget til den gode helsesituasjonen i den norske grisepopulasjonen. Smittevern på besetningsnivå er allikevel viktig for å forhindre smittsomme sjukdommer som finnes i populasjonen. En studie som kvantifiserte overordnet, eksternt og internt smittevern i besetninger med og uten utbrudd av luftveissjukdom ble gjennomført ved hjelp av verktøyet Biocheck.UGent™. Det kunne ikke påvises noen forskjell i smittevernnivåer mellom besetningene med og uten utbrudd. Begge besetningsgruppene scoret høyere på eksternt enn internt smittevern. Det ble imidlertid funnet en lavere intern biosikkerhetsscore i både utbruddsbesetninger og ikke-utbruddsbesetninger, noe som tyder på at det kan være manglende overholdelse av viktige biosikkerhetstiltak internt på gården. Resultatene fra disse studiene har bekreftet at APP8 forårsaker alvorlige utbrudd av klinisk luftveissykdom hos slaktegriser og er den dominerende serovar av APP i Norge. Strukturen til den norske grisepopulasjonen har bidratt til lav variasjon blant APP8-isolater, og en tydelig geografisk gruppering. Internasjonale smittevernhensyn som tillater for en lukket norsk grisepopulasjon, har ført til et tydelig skille mellom norske, danske og engelske APP8 isolater. Mer informasjon om hvordan APP smitter er nødvendig for å vurdere viktigheten av smitteverntiltak på forekomst av utbrudd med APP. Arbeidet som er beskrevet her har økt vår forståelse av smittsomme luftveissykdommer i den norske grisepopulasjonen og kan bidra til bedre helse hos griser

Acute phase response and hematology in pigs after cryptorchidism or inguinal hernia surgery

publishedVersio

A descriptive study of acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in Norwegian fattening pig herds

Background Respiratory diseases are major health concerns in the pig production sector worldwide, contributing adversely to morbidity and mortality. Over the past years there was a rise in reported incidents of respiratory disease in pigs in Norway, despite population wide freedom from Aujeszky´s disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, porcine respiratory corona virus and enzootic pneumonia. The main objective of this study was to investigate acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in conventional Norwegian fattening pig herds. The study included 14 herds. In seven herds with reported outbreaks of acute respiratory disease, data on clinical signs was recorded and samples for laboratory examination were collected. Diagnostic protocols were compared by parallel analysis of clinically healthy pigs from seven non-outbreak herds. Results The most commonly reported clinical signs were sudden deaths and dyspnea. An average compartment morbidity of 60%, mortality of 4% and case fatality of 9% was recorded in the outbreak herds. Post-mortem examinations revealed acute lesions resembling porcine pleuropneumonia in all 28 pigs investigated from the outbreak herds and in 2 of the 24 (8%) pigs from the non-outbreak herds. Chronic lesions were recorded in another 2 pigs (8%) from the non-outbreak herds. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 was isolated from lungs and/or pleura from all tested pigs (n = 28) in the outbreak herds, and from 2 out of 24 pigs (8%) in the non-outbreak herds, one pig with an acute and another pig with a chronic infection. No other significant bacterial findings were made. Seroconversion to A. pleuropneumoniae antibodies was detectable in all outbreak herds analyzed and in six out of seven non-outbreak herds, but the risk ratio for seroconversion of individual pigs was higher (risk ratio 2.3 [1.50- 3.43 95% CI; P < 0.001]) in the outbreak herds. All herds tested positive for porcine circovirus type 2 and negative for influenza A viruses on oral fluid RT-qPCR. Conclusion The main etiological pathogen found during acute outbreaks of respiratory disease was A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 8. All pigs from outbreak herds had typical lesions of acute porcine pleuropneumonia, and only A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 was identified. Co-infections were not found to impact disease development.publishedVersio

A descriptive study of acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in Norwegian fattening pig herds

Background Respiratory diseases are major health concerns in the pig production sector worldwide, contributing adversely to morbidity and mortality. Over the past years there was a rise in reported incidents of respiratory disease in pigs in Norway, despite population wide freedom from Aujeszky´s disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, porcine respiratory corona virus and enzootic pneumonia. The main objective of this study was to investigate acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in conventional Norwegian fattening pig herds. The study included 14 herds. In seven herds with reported outbreaks of acute respiratory disease, data on clinical signs was recorded and samples for laboratory examination were collected. Diagnostic protocols were compared by parallel analysis of clinically healthy pigs from seven non-outbreak herds. Results The most commonly reported clinical signs were sudden deaths and dyspnea. An average compartment morbidity of 60%, mortality of 4% and case fatality of 9% was recorded in the outbreak herds. Post-mortem examinations revealed acute lesions resembling porcine pleuropneumonia in all 28 pigs investigated from the outbreak herds and in 2 of the 24 (8%) pigs from the non-outbreak herds. Chronic lesions were recorded in another 2 pigs (8%) from the non-outbreak herds. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 was isolated from lungs and/or pleura from all tested pigs (n = 28) in the outbreak herds, and from 2 out of 24 pigs (8%) in the non-outbreak herds, one pig with an acute and another pig with a chronic infection. No other significant bacterial findings were made. Seroconversion to A. pleuropneumoniae antibodies was detectable in all outbreak herds analyzed and in six out of seven non-outbreak herds, but the risk ratio for seroconversion of individual pigs was higher (risk ratio 2.3 [1.50- 3.43 95% CI; P < 0.001]) in the outbreak herds. All herds tested positive for porcine circovirus type 2 and negative for influenza A viruses on oral fluid RT-qPCR. Conclusion The main etiological pathogen found during acute outbreaks of respiratory disease was A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 8. All pigs from outbreak herds had typical lesions of acute porcine pleuropneumonia, and only A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 was identified. Co-infections were not found to impact disease development

Complete genome for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 reference strain 405 : comparative analysis with draft genomes for different laboratory stock cultures indicates little genetic variation

This work was supported by a Longer and Larger (LoLa) grant from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant numbers BB/G020744/1, BB/G019177/1, BB/G019274/1, BB/G018553/1, BB/S002103/1, and BB/S005897/1), the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, and Zoetis (formerly Pfizer Animal Health) awarded to the Bacterial Respiratory Diseases of Pigs-1 Technology (BRaDP1T) consortium. Funding for LL provided by the ‘National Natural Science Foundation of China’ (No.31520103917). MTGH and DH were supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 098051).We report here the complete genome sequence of the widely studied Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 reference strain 405, generated using the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS II platform. Furthermore, we compared draft sequences generated by Illumina sequencing of six stocks of this strain, including the same original stock used to generate the PacBio sequence, held in different countries and found little genetic variation, with only three SNPs identified, all within the degS gene. However, sequences of two small plasmids, pARD3079 and p405tetH, detected by Illumina sequencing of the draft genomes were not identified in the PacBio sequence of the reference strain.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Complete genome for <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae</i> serovar 8 reference strain 405:comparative analysis with draft genomes for different laboratory stock cultures indicates little genetic variation

We report here the complete genome sequence of the widely studied Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 reference strain 405, generated using the Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) RS II platform. Furthermore, we compared draft sequences generated by Illumina sequencing of six stocks of this strain, including the same original stock used to generate the PacBio sequence, held in different countries and found little genetic variation, with only three SNPs identified, all within the degS gene. However, sequences of two small plasmids, pARD3079 and p405tetH, detected by Illumina sequencing of the draft genomes were not identified in the PacBio sequence of the reference strain

Long-term safety and efficacy of patisiran for hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: 12-month results of an open-label extension study

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Background: Hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis is a rare, inherited, progressive disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene. We assessed the safety and efficacy of long-term treatment with patisiran, an RNA interference therapeutic that inhibits TTR production, in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Methods: This multicentre, open-label extension (OLE) trial enrolled patients at 43 hospitals or clinical centres in 19 countries as of Sept 24, 2018. Patients were eligible if they had completed the phase 3 APOLLO or phase 2 OLE parent studies and tolerated the study drug. Eligible patients from APOLLO (patisiran and placebo groups) and the phase 2 OLE (patisiran group) studies enrolled in this global OLE trial and received patisiran 0·3 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks with plans to continue to do so for up to 5 years. Efficacy assessments included measures of polyneuropathy (modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 [mNIS+7]), quality of life, autonomic symptoms, nutritional status, disability, ambulation status, motor function, and cardiac stress, with analysis by study groups (APOLLO-placebo, APOLLO-patisiran, phase 2 OLE patisiran) based on allocation in the parent trial. The global OLE is ongoing with no new enrolment, and current findings are based on the interim analysis of the patients who had completed 12-month efficacy assessments as of the data cutoff. Safety analyses included all patients who received one or more dose of patisiran up to the data cutoff. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02510261. Findings: Between July 13, 2015, and Aug 21, 2017, of 212 eligible patients, 211 were enrolled: 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group. At the data cutoff on Sept 24, 2018, 126 (92%) of 137 patients from the APOLLO-patisiran group, 38 (78%) of 49 from the APOLLO-placebo group, and 25 (100%) of 25 from the phase 2 OLE patisiran group had completed 12-month assessments. At 12 months, improvements in mNIS+7 with patisiran were sustained from parent study baseline with treatment in the global OLE (APOLLO-patisiran mean change -4·0, 95 % CI -7·7 to -0·3; phase 2 OLE patisiran -4·7, -11·9 to 2·4). Mean mNIS+7 score improved from global OLE enrolment in the APOLLO-placebo group (mean change from global OLE enrolment -1·4, 95% CI -6·2 to 3·5). Overall, 204 (97%) of 211 patients reported adverse events, 82 (39%) reported serious adverse events, and there were 23 (11%) deaths. Serious adverse events were more frequent in the APOLLO-placebo group (28 [57%] of 49) than in the APOLLO-patisiran (48 [35%] of 137) or phase 2 OLE patisiran (six [24%] of 25) groups. The most common treatment-related adverse event was mild or moderate infusion-related reactions. The frequency of deaths in the global OLE was higher in the APOLLO-placebo group (13 [27%] of 49), who had a higher disease burden than the APOLLO-patisiran (ten [7%] of 137) and phase 2 OLE patisiran (0 of 25) groups. Interpretation: In this interim 12-month analysis of the ongoing global OLE study, patisiran appeared to maintain efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Continued long-term follow-up will be important for the overall assessment of safety and efficacy with patisiran.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio