1,044 research outputs found
Entropy Bounds and Dark Energy
Entropy bounds render quantum corrections to the cosmological constant
finite. Under certain assumptions, the natural value of is
of order the observed dark energy density , thereby
resolving the cosmological constant problem. We note that the dark energy
equation of state in these scenarios is over
cosmological distances, and is strongly disfavored by observational data.
Alternatively, in these scenarios might account for the diffuse dark
matter component of the cosmological energy density.Comment: 6 pages, Latex. Added discussion of non-cosmological limits on
holographic dark energy. Version to appear in Physics Letters
Composite Higgs from Higher Representations
We investigate new models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking
resulting from the condensation of fermions in higher representations of the
technicolor group. These models lie close to the conformal window, and are free
from the flavor-changing neutral current problem despite small numbers of
flavors and colors. Their contribution to the S parameter is small and not
excluded by precision data. The Higgs itself can be light and narrow.Comment: 4-pages, 2-columns, RevTex. Final version to appear on Physics
Letters
Scaling Properties of 1D Anderson Model with Correlated Diagonal Disorder
Statistical and scaling properties of the Lyapunov exponent for a
tight-binding model with the diagonal disorder described by a dichotomic
process are considered near the band edge. The effect of correlations on
scaling properties is discussed. It is shown that correlations lead to an
additional parameter governing the validity of single parameter scaling.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, RevTe
- and -hypernuclei
- and -hypernuclei are studied in the quark-meson
coupling (QMC) model. Comparisons are made with the results for
-hypernuclei studied in the same model previously. Although the scalar
and vector potentials felt by the , and in
the corresponding hypernuclei multiplet which has the same baryon numbers are
quite similar, the wave functions obtained, e.g., for state, are
very different. The baryon density distribution in
Pb is much more pushed away from the center than that for
the in Pb due to the Coulomb force. On the contrary,
the baryon density distributions in -hypernuclei are
much larger near the origin than those for the in the corresponding
-hypernuclei due to its heavy mass. It is also found that level
spacing for the single-particle energies is much smaller than that
for the and .Comment: Latex, 14 pages, 4 figures, text was extended, version to appear in
Phys. Rev.
Integrating fluctuations into distribution of resources in transportation networks
We propose a resource distribution strategy to reduce the average travel time
in a transportation network given a fixed generation rate. Suppose that there
are essential resources to avoid congestion in the network as well as some
extra resources. The strategy distributes the essential resources by the
average loads on the vertices and integrates the fluctuations of the
instantaneous loads into the distribution of the extra resources. The
fluctuations are calculated with the assumption of unlimited resources, where
the calculation is incorporated into the calculation of the average loads
without adding to the time complexity. Simulation results show that the
fluctuation-integrated strategy provides shorter average travel time than a
previous distribution strategy while keeping similar robustness. The strategy
is especially beneficial when the extra resources are scarce and the network is
heterogeneous and lowly loaded.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Mossbauer neutrinos in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory
We demonstrate the correspondence between quantum mechanical and quantum
field theoretical descriptions of Mossbauer neutrino oscillations. First, we
compute the combined rate of Mossbauer neutrino emission, propagation,
and detection in quantum field theory, treating the neutrino as an internal
line of a tree level Feynman diagram. We include explicitly the effect of
homogeneous line broadening due to fluctuating electromagnetic fields in the
source and detector crystals and show that the resulting formula for
is identical to the one obtained previously (Akhmedov et al., arXiv:0802.2513)
for the case of inhomogeneous line broadening. We then proceed to a quantum
mechanical treatment of Mossbauer neutrinos and show that the oscillation,
coherence, and resonance terms from the field theoretical result can be
reproduced if the neutrino is described as a superposition of Lorentz-shaped
wave packet with appropriately chosen energies and widths. On the other hand,
the emission rate and the detection cross section, including localization and
Lamb-Mossbauer terms, cannot be predicted in quantum mechanics and have to be
put in by hand.Comment: LaTeX, 16 pages, 1 figure; v2: typos corrected; matches published
versio
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium fluctuations at the interface between two fluid phases
We have performed small-angle light-scattering measurements of the static
structure factor of a critical binary mixture undergoing diffusive partial
remixing. An uncommon scattering geometry integrates the structure factor over
the sample thickness, allowing different regions of the concentration profile
to be probed simultaneously. Our experiment shows the existence of interface
capillary waves throughout the macroscopic evolution to an equilibrium
interface, and allows to derive the time evolution of surface tension.
Interfacial properties are shown to attain their equilibrium values quickly
compared to the system's macroscopic equilibration time.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Curvatons in Supersymmetric Models
We study the curvaton scenario in supersymmetric framework paying particular
attention to the fact that scalar fields are inevitably complex in
supersymmetric theories. If there are more than one scalar fields associated
with the curvaton mechanism, isocurvature (entropy) fluctuations between those
fields in general arise, which may significantly affect the properties of the
cosmic density fluctuations. We examine several candidates for the curvaton in
the supersymmetric framework, such as moduli fields, Affleck-Dine field, -
and -flat directions, and right-handed sneutrino. We estimate how the
isocurvature fluctuations generated in each case affect the cosmic microwave
background angular power spectrum. With the use of the recent observational
result of the WMAP, stringent constraints on the models are derived and, in
particular, it is seen that large fraction of the parameter space is excluded
if the Affleck-Dine field plays the role of the curvaton field. Natural and
well-motivated candidates of the curvaton are also listed.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figure
NLTE wind models of hot subdwarf stars
We calculate NLTE models of stellar winds of hot compact stars (central stars
of planetary nebulae and subdwarf stars). The studied range of subdwarf
parameters is selected to cover a large part of these stars. The models predict
the wind hydrodynamical structure and provide mass-loss rates for different
abundances. Our models show that CNO elements are important drivers of subdwarf
winds, especially for low-luminosity stars. We study the effect of X-rays and
instabilities on these winds. Due to the line-driven wind instability, a
significant part of the wind could be very hot.Comment: 7 pages, to appear in Astrophysics and Space Science. The final
publication will be available at springerlink.com
Medium dependence of the bag constant in the quark-meson coupling model
Possible variations of the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model are examined in
which the bag constant decreases in the nuclear medium. The reduction is
supposed to depend on either the mean scalar field or the effective mass of the
nucleon. It is shown that the electric and magnetic radii of the bound nucleon
are almost linearly correlated with the bag constant. Using the fact that the
size of the bound nucleon inside a nucleus is strongly constrained by
-scaling data in quasielastic, electron-nucleus scattering, we set a limit
for the reduction allowed in the bag constant for these two models. The present
study implies that the bag constant can decrease up to 10--17 % at average
nuclear density, depending on the details of the model.Comment: 31 pages including 4 ps figures, to appear in Nucl.Phys.
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