12 research outputs found
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Development of a High Latent Effectiveness Energy Recovery Ventilator with Integration into Rooftop Package Equipment
This Final Report covers the Cooperative Program carried out to design and optimize an enhanced flat-plate energy recovery ventilator and integrate it into a packaged unitary (rooftop) air conditioning unit. The project objective was to optimize the design of a flat plate energy recovery ventilator (ERV) core that compares favorably to flat plate air-to-air heat exchanger cores on the market and to cost wise to small enthalpy wheel devices. The benefits of an integrated unit incorporating an enhanced ERV core and a downsized heating/cooling unit were characterized and the design of an integrated unit considering performance and cost was optimized. Phase I was to develop and optimize the design of a membrane based heat exchanger core. Phase II was the creation and observation of a system integrated demonstrator unit consisting of the Enhanced Energy Recovery Ventilator (EERV) developed in Phase I coupled to a standard Carrier 50HJ rooftop packaged unitary air conditioning unit. Phase III was the optimization of the system prior to commercialization based on the knowledge gained in Phase II. To assure that the designs chosen have the possibility of meeting cost objectives, a preliminary manufacturability and production cost study was performed by the Center for Automation Technologies at RPI. Phase I also included a preliminary design for the integrated unit to be further developed in Phase II. This was to assure that the physical design of the heat exchanger designed in Phase I would be acceptable for use in Phase II. An extensive modeling program was performed by the Center for Building Performance & Diagnostics of CMU. Using EnergyPlus as the software, a typical office building with multiple system configurations in multiple climatic zones in the US was simulated. The performance of energy recovery technologies in packaged rooftop HVAC equipment was evaluated. The experimental program carried out in Phases II and III consisted of fabricating and testing a demonstrator unit using Carrier Comfort Network (CCN) based controls. Augmenting the control signals, CCN was also used to monitor and record additional performance data that supported modeling and conceptual understanding. The result of the testing showed that the EERV core developed in Phase I recovered energy in the demonstrator unit at the expected levels based on projections. In fact, at near-ARI conditions the core recovered about one ton of cooling enthalpy when operating with a three-ton rooftop packaged unit
Life and adventures of Robinson Crusoe /
Parts I and II of Robinson Crusoe.Some ill. signed GHT; engraved by F. Wentworth, W.J.L. and W.L. Thomas.Spine and cover title: Robinson Crusoe.NUC pre-1956,Lovett, R.W. Robinson Crusoe,Mode of access: Internet
Tidal and seasonal effects on survival rates of the endangered California clapper rail: does invasive Spartina facilitate greater survival in a dynamic environment?
Invasive species frequently degrade habitats, disturb ecosystem processes, and can increase the likelihood of extinction of imperiled populations. However, novel or enhanced functions provided by invading species may reduce the impact of processes that limit populations. It is important to recognize how invasive species benefit endangered species to determine overall effects on sensitive ecosystems. For example, since the 1990s, hybrid Spartina (Spartina foliosa × alterniflora) has expanded throughout South San Francisco Bay, USA, supplanting native vegetation and invading mudflats. The endangered California clapper rail (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) uses the tall, dense hybrid Spartina for cover and nesting, but the effects of hybrid Spartina on clapper rail survival was unknown. We estimated survival rates of 108 radio-marked California clapper rails in South San Francisco Bay from January 2007 to March 2010, a period of extensive hybrid Spartina eradication, with Kaplan-Meier product limit estimators. Clapper rail survival patterns were consistent with hybrid Spartina providing increased refuge cover from predators during tidal extremes which flood native vegetation, particularly during the winter when the vegetation senesces. Model averaged annual survival rates within hybrid Spartina dominated marshes before eradication (Ŝ = 0.466) were greater than the same marshes posttreatment (Ŝ = 0.275) and a marsh dominated by native vegetation (Ŝ = 0.272). However, models with and without marsh treatment as explanatory factor for survival rates had nearly equivalent support in the observed data, lending ambiguity as to whether hybrid Spartina facilitated greater survival rates than native marshland. Conservation actions to aid in recovery of this endangered species should recognize the importance of available of high tide refugia, particularly in light of invasive species eradication programs and projections of future sea-level rise. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht (outside the USA)
Ophthalmology in North America: Early Stories (1491-1801)
New World plants, such as tobacco, tomato, and chili, were held to have beneficial effects on the eyes. Indigenous healers rubbed or scraped the eyes or eyelids to treat inflammation, corneal opacities, and even eye irritation from smoke. European settlers used harsh treatments, such as bleeding and blistering, when the eyes were inflamed or had loss of vision with a normal appearance (gutta serena). In New Spain, surgery for corneal opacity was performed in 1601 and cataract couching in 1611. North American physicians knew of contralateral loss of vision after trauma or surgery (sympathetic ophthalmia), which they called “sympathy.” To date, the earliest identified cataract couching by a surgeon trained in the New World was performed in 1769 by John Bartlett of Rhode Island. The American Revolution negatively affected ophthalmology, as loyalist surgeons were expelled and others were consumed with wartime activities. After the war, cataract extraction was imported to America in earnest and academic development resumed. Charles F Bartlett, the son of John, performed cataract extraction but was also a “rapacious privateer.” In 1801, a doctor in the frontier territory of Kentucky observed anticholinergic poisoning by Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed) and suggested that this agent be applied topically to dilate the pupil before cataract extraction. John Warren at Harvard preferred couching in the 1790s, but, after his son returned from European training, recommended treating angle closure glaucoma by lens extraction. Other eye procedures described or advertised in America before the 19th century included enucleation, resection of conjunctival lesions or periocular tumors, treatment of lacrimal fistula, and fitting of prosthetic eyes
History of the Book in Canada. Volume III : 1918-1980
"The History of the Book in Canada is one of this country's great scholarly achievements, with three volumes spanning topics from Aboriginal communication systems established prior to European contact to the arrival of multinational publishing companies. Each volume observes developments in the realms of writing, publishing, dissemination, and reading, illustrating the process of a fledgling nation coming into its own. The third and final volume follows book history and print culture from the end of the First World War to 1980, discussing the influences on them of the twentieth century, including the country's growing demographic complexity and the rise of multiculturalism." -- Front flap of jacket
Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada, Volume III
Au Canada, le XXe siècle inaugure une Ă©poque faste en matière de culture du livre et de l’imprimĂ©. Après la Première Guerre mondiale, l’émergence de maisons d’édition indĂ©pendantes, d’associations d’auteurs, la crĂ©ation de prix littĂ©raires et scientifiques et de subventions Ă la production, notamment au QuĂ©bec, sont autant de signes de la vitalitĂ© du livre dans la transmission et la promotion d’une culture nationale, dĂ©sormais projetĂ©e dans la durĂ©e et conçue comme un hĂ©ritage essentiel. C’est ainsi que l’on peut voir se dĂ©velopper une culture du livre distincte de l’imprimerie et de la presse, oĂą les Ă©diteurs deviennent progressivement des architectes de la culture canadienne. Ce troisième volume de l’Histoire du livre et de l’imprimĂ© au Canada couvre la pĂ©riode de 1918 Ă 1980, durant laquelle des transformations cruciales ont eu lieu. Ainsi, les deux grands groupes linguistiques du pays s’enrichissent de structures Ă©ditoriales distinctes, et grâce aux pĂ©riodiques, les populations autochtones et les communautĂ©s ethniques et religieuses s’approprient les outils de la communication Ă©crite pour exprimer leurs valeurs, affirmer leur appartenance sociale et crĂ©er des liens de solidaritĂ©. La Deuxième Guerre mondiale crĂ©e une demande nationale accrue pour le livre canadien qui se dĂ©ploie alors sur la scène internationale. Au mĂŞme moment, le cinĂ©ma, la radio et la tĂ©lĂ©vision, phĂ©nomènes nouveaux, favorisent la pĂ©nĂ©tration d’une production de masse en provenance des États-Unis. L’affirmation d’une identitĂ© canadienne s’accentue encore dans les annĂ©es 1960 au moment oĂą les littĂ©ratures canadienne et quĂ©bĂ©coise connaissent une pĂ©riode d’effervescence sans prĂ©cĂ©dent. Enfin, après plus d’un siècle de luttes et de revendications, d’actions individuÂelles et collectives, les gouvernements mettent en place des structures de soutien Ă la crĂ©ation littĂ©raire et au livre qui en assureront l’essor au cours des annĂ©es 1980