EFFECT OF DILATATION OF THE CEREBRAL VENTRICLES AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF NITROXYNIL IN SWISS ALBINE MICE DURING ORGANOGENESIS

SUMMARY: Nitroxynil 34% is an anthelmintic of the family of phenolic substitutes that is used for the control ofSUMMARY: Nitroxynil 34% is an anthelmintic of the family of phenolic substitutes that is used for the control o

Chemical composition and losses of nutrients involved in sugarcane ensiling with microbial and chemical additives

There is increasing interest in sugarcane silage as an alternative supplemental feed for cattle, but high losses during the fermentation can affect the viability of this option. The present study evaluated the effects of additives on the composition and nutrient losses in sugarcane ensiling by applying the following six treatments: without additive (CON), with 2 × 106 cfu/g of Lactobacillus buchneri alone (LB) or associated with 2 × 106 cfu/g of Lactobacillus plantarum (LB/PLA), 1.0% urea (LB/URE), 0.5% virgin lime (LB/CAL), and only 0.5% virgin lime (CAL) on an as fed basis. Silos with 18 L capacity were used and the fermentation lasted 104 days. After opening the silos, the dry matter (DM) content of the silage was found to have decreased by 3.9 percentage units on average compared to the initial value. Crude protein (CP) content was higher and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) lower in the (LB/URE) treatment. In the treatments with virgin lime the pH value was higher and the recovery of MS was lower, but equal to that of the treatment LB, in which the effluent losses were greater. The gaseous losses were lower in treatments with only microbial additives. It was concluded that none of the additives evaluated reduce dry matter losses, but the microbial additives reduce gas losses and the virgin lime reduces effluent losses

Effects of different energy source diets, as corn substitutes, on carcass characteristics and meat quality of feedlot lambs

This study evaluated the effects of different energy sources, as corn substitutes, on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs. Twenty-four intact ram lambs were identified, weighed, and assigned to one of four dietary treatments: corn, citrus pulp, rice bran, and soybean hulls. The ram lambs were confined in feedlots, and when they reached 30 kg of live weight, they were slaughtered. A  completelyrandomized design with different replicates was used for the analysis, along with the Tukey-5% test. For hot and cold carcass weight, rice bran produced lower values than the other dietary treatments. For the red color content of the meat, citrus pulp presented superior values when compared to corn, whereas meat and fat color, loin eye area, and objective tenderness did not differ between treatments. Different energetic sources used to replace corn in ram lambs finishing diets did not affect the proximate composition and quality of the meat. Highlights:  • Addition of rice bran to the lambs' diet resulted in lower hot and cold carcass weight.• Animals fed soybean hulls presented the highest carcass compactness index values.• Rice bran extended the feedlot period of lambs in 59.33 days, been longer than the others energies sources.• Corn, rice bran, citrus pulp and soybean hulls did not change the quality of meat but the inclusion of rice bran should be carefully evaluated.This study evaluated the effects of different energy sources, as corn substitutes, on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs. Twenty-four intact ram lambs were identified, weighed, and assigned to one of four dietary treatments: corn, citrus pulp, rice bran, and soybean hulls. The ram lambs were confined in feedlots, and when they reached 30 kg of live weight, they were slaughtered. A  completelyrandomized design with different replicates was used for the analysis, along with the Tukey-5% test. For hot and cold carcass weight, rice bran produced lower values than the other dietary treatments. For the red color content of the meat, citrus pulp presented superior values when compared to corn, whereas meat and fat color, loin eye area, and objective tenderness did not differ between treatments. Different energetic sources used to replace corn in ram lambs finishing diets did not affect the proximate composition and quality of the meat. Highlights:  • Addition of rice bran to the lambs' diet resulted in lower hot and cold carcass weight.• Animals fed soybean hulls presented the highest carcass compactness index values.• Rice bran extended the feedlot period of lambs in 59.33 days, been longer than the others energies sources.• Corn, rice bran, citrus pulp and soybean hulls did not change the quality of meat but the inclusion of rice bran should be carefully evaluated

Influência do selênio orgânico na resposta imune humoral antirrábica de ovelhas

The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of mineral supplementation with organic selenium (Se) on rabies humoral immune response in ewes. It was randomly selected 18 Texel ewes without antirabic vaccination in the last 12 months and divided into 2 groups: treated group (TG) supplemented with a mineral mixture additioned of organic selenium and immunized against rabies and a control group (CG) supplemented with mineral mixture without organic selenium addition and immunized. Determination of Se serum was obtained by the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in two moments, the title and the persistence of anti-rabies neutralizing antibodies in five times by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). The mean values found in D210 GSH-Px were higher in TG with 981.8 ± 105.2 U/g Hb and 628.2 ± 188.2 U/g Hb in the CG (p-value < 0.001). The mean values of titers of anti-rabies neutralizing antibodies 30 days after primary vaccination, demonstrated statistically similar titles in the GT and GC, 1,020 IU/ mL in GT and 1,885 IU/ mL CG. Oral mineral supplementation of organic selenium during 210 days did not enhance the humoral immune response and persistence of evidence of rabies neutralizing antibodies, however caused increased serum retention of selenium in ewes.O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia da suplementação mineral com selênio (Se) orgânico na resposta imune humoral antirrábica em ovinos. Foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 18 ovelhas da raça Texel sem vacinação antirrábica nos últimos 12 meses e divididas em 2 grupos: grupo tratado (GT) suplementado com mistura mineral adicionada de selênio orgânico e vacinados contra raiva e grupo controle (GC) suplementado com a mistura mineral sem adição de selênio orgânico e vacinados. A determinação de Se sérico foi obtida através da atividade da enzima glutationaperoxidase (GSH-Px) em dois momentos, e a persistência do título de anticorpos neutralizantes anti-rábicos em cinco momentos pelo Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). Os valores médios encontrados no D210 de GSH-Px foram superiores no grupo GT com 981,8±105,2 U/g Hb e de 628,2±188,2 U/g Hb no GC (valor de p<0,001). Os valores médios encontrados de títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes anti-rábicos 30 dias após a primovacinação, demonstraram títulos similares estatisticamente no GT e GC, 1.020 UI/mL no GT e de 1.885 UI/mL no GC. A suplementação mineral oral de selênio orgânico durante 210 dias não incrementou a resposta imune humoral e a persistência do título de anticorpos neutralizantes antirrábicos, entretanto promoveu aumento da retenção sérica de selênio em ovelhas

Causas de óbito e razões para eutanásia em uma população hospitalar de cães e gatos

To determine the main causes of death in a population of dogs and cats from a University Veterinary Hospital, data from clinical records obtained from July, 2005 to July, 2009 were analyzed. During that period, 2,243 animals were taken to the hospital, 2,075 dogs and 168 cats. The percentage of death was 10.6% (220/2.075) in dogs, and 8.92% (15/168) in cats. The median age at death was 59.97 months for dogs and 82.79 months for cats. The main causes of death and reasons for euthanasia in dogs were infectious or parasitic diseases, diseases caused by physical agents and neoplasia. Except by their age, all other characteristics described did not have an effect on life expectancy or death causes in dogs. In cats, physical agents and urinary diseases were the main cause of mortality. The results observed in this work identify the need for prophylactic measures that will enable a better life expectancy, and consequently, change the frequency of the main causes of death and reasons for euthanasia in dogs and cats.Com o objetivo de determinar as principais causas de morte em cães e gatos, foram analisadas informações correspondentes às fichas clínicas de cães e gatos provenientes de um hospital veterinário universitário entre julho de 2005 e julho de 2009. Durante o período estudado foram atendidos 2243 casos novos, sendo 2075 cães e 168 gatos. Em cães, o percentual de óbito foi de 10,6% (220/2075) e em gatos, 8,92% (15/168). A idade média quando do óbito em cães e gatos foi de 59,97 e 82,79 meses, respectivamente. Em cães, as principais causas de morte e razões para eutanásia foram distúrbios infecciosos ou parasitários, distúrbios causados por agentes físicos e neoplasias. Exceto pela idade, as demais características de resenha não influenciaram a expectativa de vida ou a causa de morte em cães. Em gatos, distúrbios provocados por agentes físicos e distúrbios urinários foram os principais motivos que resultaram na morte do animal. Os resultados observados identificam a necessidade de medidas profiláticas que possibilitarão maior expectativa de vida e, consequentemente, alteração na frequência das principais causas de morte e razões para eutanásia em cães e gatos

Prevalência e distribuição das lesões podais e graus de claudicação em vacas da raça Holandesa Preta e Branca mantidas em sistema “free stall” e “compost barn” / Prevalence and distribution of foot lesions and degrees of lameness in Black and White Holstein cows kept in free stall and compost barn systems

Objetivou-se apresentar a prevalência, a distribuição das lesões podais e graus de claudicação em vacas primíparas e multíparas da raça Holandesa preta e branca, mantidas em dois sistemas de confinamento “free stall” e “compost barn” em uma mesma propriedade. Foram examinados os dígitos de 100 animais (800 dígitos). Todos os bovinos examinados apresentavam algum tipo de lesão podal. Em ambos os sistemas de produção e categorias animais, a maior distribuição das lesões encontrava-se nos membros pélvicos. As lesões de maior prevalência nas vacas primíparas mantidas no sistema “free stall” foram erosão axial, erosão dos talões e sola dupla; Nas vacas multíparas mantidas no sistema “free stall”, por sua vez, foram: erosão axial, erosão dos talões e dermatite digital papilomatosa. No sistema “compost barn”, as lesões podais de maior prevalência tanto nas vacas primíparas como nas multíparas foram: erosão axial, erosão dos talões e dermatite digital papilomatosa. A maioria dos animais (54%) apresentou grau de claudicação leve (2).

O EFEITO DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM ZINCO ORGÂNICO NO GANHO DE PESO DE BORREGAS TEXEL

A demanda por proteína animal e a facilidade de criação tornam a ovinocultura uma atividade em evidência, e melhorar o desempenho dos animais uma necessidade cada vez maior. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com zinco orgânico no desempenho de borregas Texel. Foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, 46 borregas da raça Texel, com oito meses de idade, pesando em média 41 kg PV. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais (23 animais/ grupo): grupo tratado (GZn) suplementado com mistura mineral e adição de Zn orgânico e grupo controle (Gc) suplementado somente com a mistura mineral. Os grupos ficaram em 2 piquetes de 4 ha de Brachiaria brizantha, separados, e foram alternados mensalmente, o Gc recebeu 500g da mistura mineral no aprisco e o GZn além de receber 500g da mistura mineral foi suplementado com 0,5g/ animal/ dia de Zn ogânico por via oral durante o período experimental de 180 dias. O consumo da mistura mineral foi de 22 g/ animal/ dia, nos dois grupos, estando dentro do consumo esperado de 10 a 28 g/ animal/ dia. O ganho de peso no período avaliado foi superior nos animais suplementados com Zn orgânico, 38,3 g/dia no GZn e 8,6 g/dia no Gc, sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p≤ 0,05). O efeito da suplementação com zinco orgânico no desempenho de borregas Texel foi positivo, com aumento do ganho de peso médio diário nos animais suplementados

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio