Inappropriate antimicrobial use in Turkish pediatric hospitals: A multicenter point prevalence survey

Objectives: Although well-defined principles of rational antimicrobial use are available, inappropriate prescribing patterns are reported worldwide. Accurate information on the usage of antimicrobials, including factors associated with and influencing their use, is valuable for improving the quality of prescription practices. Methods: In this cross-sectional point prevalence survey, data on patients hospitalized in 12 different children's hospitals were collected on a single day. Appropriateness of prescription was compared between the types of antimicrobials prescribed, indications, wards, and presence of/consultation with an infectious disease physician (IDP). Results: A total 711 of 1302 (54.6%) patients evaluated were receiving one or more antimicrobial drugs. The antimicrobial prescription rate was highest in pediatric intensive care (75.7%) and lowest in the surgery wards (37.0%). Of the 711 patients receiving antimicrobials, 332 patients (46.7%) were found to be receiving at least one inappropriately prescribed drug. Inappropriate use was most frequent in surgery wards (80.2%), while it was less common in oncology wards (31.8%; p < 0.001). Respiratory tract infection was the most common indication for antimicrobial use (29.4%). Inappropriate use was more common in deep-seated infections (54.7%) and respiratory infections (56.5%). Fluoroquinolones were used inappropriately more than any other drugs (81.8%, p = 0.021). Consultation with an IDP appears to increase appropriate antimicrobial use (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Inappropriate antimicrobial use remains a common problem in Turkish pediatric hospitals. Consultation with an IDP and prescribing antimicrobial drugs according to microbiological test results could decrease the inappropriate use of antimicrobials

Cultural Capital, Education and the Reproduction of Inequality

Bu çalışmanın temel ilgisi Türkiye'de kültürel sermayenin farklı toplumasal sınıflardan gelen lise öğrencilerinin eğitimsel başarıları üzerine etldlerini araştırmaktır. Kültürel sermaye yaklaşımını analiz edebilmek için Türkiye 'ye uygun bir yöntem ve model geliştirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Veriler 2005 yılında 970 lise öğrencisine uygulanan anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Çalışmada aşağıdaki sorular yanıtlanmaya çalışılmıştır: Kültürel sermaye hem eğitim düzeyine hem de ailenin sosyo-ekonomik durumuna göre nasıl dağıtılmaktadır? Buna ek olarak kültürel sermayenin öğrencinin okul başarısında ki etkileri nelerdir? Çalışmada Idiltürel sermayenin eğitimsel başarı ve yeniden üretim süreci üzerinde önemli etldleri olduğu bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda ailenin mesleld statüsü ve cinsiyet farklılıkları da hala ciddi bir biçimde göz önünde tutulması gereken önemli değişkenlerdendir.The primary concern for this study is to inquire the effects of cultural capital on the educational achievement of high school studen ts from different class backgrounds in Turkey. To be able to analyze the Cultural Capital Approach, we will attempt to enlarge the method and model into Turkey. The data were collected through a survey consisting of 970 high school students in 2005. In this study, the authors have been looking for the answer for the following questions: How the cultural capital is distributed to students according to both socio-economic background and educational level? In addition, what is the effects of cultural capital on the student' educational achievement? The authors found that the cultural capital has highly significant effects on educational successes of students and their educational reproduction process. Furthermore, gender differences and families' occupational status are still important variables that we should take into account seriously

Daily Work in Informal Economy

Bu çalışmanın amacı, toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı iş bölümü, ataerkil toplum yapısı ve kadın emeğinin kayıt dışı kullanımı arasında doğrudan bir ilişki kurarak, Ev İçi Hizmet Sektörünün gündelikçilik formunun (EÎHS) alt sınıfa ait kadınlar için, yeni bir meslek alanı olarak ortaya çıkışını açıklamaktır. Bu çalışma, kayıt dışı ekonomik ilişkilerin belirlediği ev içi hizmet sektörüne ait temel özelliklerin neler olduğunu ele almaktadır. Daha sonra, kayıt dışı ekonomi ile ilintili olarak, sektörde sosyal ilişki ağlarının varlığı ve bu ilişki ağlarının sektörün kayıt dışı doğasına olan katkıları ele alınacaktır. Son olarak da, bir iş alanı olarak gelişen ev kadınlığının ataerkil toplumsal yapı ile olan ilintileri ele alınacaktır.The aim of this study is to establish a direct correlation among division of labor based on gender, patriarchal social structure and, informal labor utilization of women in In-House Service Sector, and to explain the field of &quot;daily Labor &quot; in In-House Service Sector as a new occupation for those women of lower classes. This study deals with the primary characteristics of the &quot;daily work&quot; belonging to the In-House Service Sector determined by the informal economic relations. Then, it copes with the presence of social networks along with the impacts of them on the nature of informal economic relations. Finally, the relationship between &quot;daily work&quot; and patriarchal social structure is examined

Cervical disc hernia operations through posterior laminoforaminotomy

Kanat, Ayhan/0000-0002-8189-2877WOS: 000376130600006PubMed: 27217655Objective: the most common used technique for posterolateral cervical disc herniations is anterior approach. However, posterior cervical laminotoforaminomy can provide excellent results in appropriately selected patients with foraminal stenosis in either soft disc prolapse or cervical spondylosis. the purpose of this study was to present the clinical outcomes following posterior laminoforaminotomy in patients with radiculopathy. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 35 patients diagnosed with posterolateral cervical disc herniation and cervical spondylosis with foraminal stenosis causing radiculopathy operated by the posterior cervical keyhole laminoforaminotomy between the years 2010 and 2015. Results: the file records and the radiographic images of the 35 patients were assessed retrospectively. the mean age was 46.4 years (range: 34-66 years). of the patients, 19 were males and 16 were females. in all of the patients, the neurologic deficit observed was radiculopathy. the posterolaterally localized disc herniations and the osteophytic structures were on the left side in 18 cases and on the right in 17 cases. in 10 of the patients, the disc level was at C5-6, in 18 at C6-7, in 2 at C3-4, in 2 at C4-5, in 1 at C7-T1, in 1 patient at both C5-6 and C6-7, and in 1 at both C4-5 and C5-6. in 14 of these 35 patients, both osteophytic structures and protruded disc herniation were present. Intervertebral foramen stenosis was present in all of the patients with osteophytes. Postoperatively, in 31 patients the complaints were relieved completely and four patients had complaints of neck pain and paresthesia radiating to the arm (the success of operation was 88.5%). on control examinations, there was no finding of instability or cervical kyphosis. Conclusion: Posterior cervical laminoforaminotomy is an alternative appropriate choice in both cervical soft disc herniations and cervical stenosis