Composición y fluctuación poblacional de la araneofauna en el algodonero de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú

In this work, the spider community was assessed during the whole phenological period of a cotton crop using two sampling techniques (direct search and pitfall traps). 2304 individuals were registered, grouped into 50 species and 18 families. The spiders were present during the whole crop’s period; positively related to its phenological development; agronomic practices, temperature and humidity were not influential in their abundance, except for harvest, which negatively influenced their population.En el presente trabajo, se evaluó la araneofauna durante todo el periodo fenológico del cultivo de algodón, utilizando dos técnicas de muestreo (búsqueda directa y trampas de caída). Se registraron 2304 individuos, agrupados en 50 especies y 18 familias. Las arañas estuvieron presentes durante todo el periodo del cultivo, relacionándose positivamente a su desarrollo fenológico, y donde las prácticas agronómicas, la temperatura y humedad no fueron influyentes en su abundancia, excepto por la cosecha, actividad que sí influenció negativamente sus poblaciones

Insectos fitófagos asociados al cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) en invierno y sus controladores biológicos

Se determinó la presencia de los principales insectos fitófagos y sus enemigos naturales en el cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa), así como el porcentaje de infestación y de parasitoidismo en insectos fitófagos en La Molina, Lima, del 21 de junio al 27 de septiembre, 2014. Las evaluaciones se realizaron mediante trampas de caída, evaluación por órgano de planta, red aérea y colecta de hojas minadas en el tercio medio de la planta. Se registraron cinco especies fitófagas importantes, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Prodiplosis longifila, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae y Frankliniella occidentalis; siendo las dos primeras las más importantes. Los controladores biológicos más importantes por su frecuencia y abundancia fueron los parasitoides Halticoptera arduine, Chrysocharis sp. A, Diglyphus sp. A. y Aphidius colemani. Los tres primeros estuvieron asociados a larvas de L. hudobrensis, mientras que A. colemani fue registrado principalmente sobre M. persicae. Entre los predadores, se registraron a Chrysotus sp. A, Chrysotus sp. B, Blennidus peruvianus y Rhinacloa pallidipes. Los resultados de este estudio servirán como base para futuros trabajos de investigación en plagas de la quinua, así como para profesionales dedicados al manejo integrado de plagas en este cultivo

Long-term outcomes of the global tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection cohort

Background: Longitudinal cohort data of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. In our global study, we describe long-term outcomes of patients affected by TB and COVID-19. Methods: We collected data from 174 centres in 31 countries on all patients affected by COVID-19 and TB between 1 March 2020 and 30 September 2022. Patients were followed-up until cure, death or end of cohort time. All patients had TB and COVID-19; for analysis purposes, deaths were attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional risk-regression models, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival and mortality attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Results: Overall, 788 patients with COVID-19 and TB (active or sequelae) were recruited from 31 countries, and 10.8% (n=85) died during the observation period. Survival was significantly lower among patients whose death was attributed to TB and COVID-19 versus those dying because of either TB or COVID-19 alone (p<0.001). Significant adjusted risk factors for TB mortality were higher age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07), HIV infection (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.02-5.16) and invasive ventilation (HR 4.28, 95% CI 2.34-7.83). For COVID-19 mortality, the adjusted risks were higher age (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04), male sex (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.24-3.91), oxygen requirement (HR 7.93, 95% CI 3.44-18.26) and invasive ventilation (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.36-3.53). Conclusions: In our global cohort, death was the outcome in >10% of patients with TB and COVID-19. A range of demographic and clinical predictors are associated with adverse outcomes

Mantidae Latreille 1802

MANTIDAE: CHOERADODINAE <p> <i>Choeradodis rhomboidea</i> and <i>Ch. strumaria</i>. These two records are from Ehrmann (2002) and Agudelo <i>et al.</i> (2007), but they did not report specimens. Roy (2004b) restricted these two species to northern South America, and neither species was found among studied material. Patel & Singh (2016a) reported them again from Peru but such records were taken directly from Agudelo <i>et al.</i> (2007). Given the lack of evidence, we remove these two species from the Peruvian fauna.</p>Published as part of <i>Rivera, Julio & Vergara-Cobián, Clorinda, 2017, A checklist of the praying mantises of Peru: new records, one new genus (Piscomantis gen. n.) and biogeographic remarks (Insecta, Mantodea), pp. 361-389 in Zootaxa 4337 (3)</i> on page 383, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4337.3.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1024946">http://zenodo.org/record/1024946</a&gt

Fall armyworm migration across the Lesser Antilles and the potential for genetic exchanges between North and South American populations.

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important agricultural pest of the Western Hemisphere noted for its broad host range, long distance flight capabilities, and a propensity to develop resistance to pesticides that includes a subset of those used in genetically modified corn varieties. These characteristics exacerbate the threat fall armyworm poses to agriculture, with the potential that a resistance trait arising in one geographical location could rapidly disseminate throughout the hemisphere. A region of particular concern is the Caribbean, where a line of islands that extends from Florida to Venezuela provides a potential migratory pathway between populations from North and South America that could allow for consistent and substantial genetic interactions. In this study, surveys of populations from Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Trinidad & Tobago expand on previous work in South America that indicates a generally homogeneous population with respect to haplotype markers. This population differs from that found in most of the Lesser Antilles where a combination of genetic and meteorological observations is described that indicate fall armyworm migration from Puerto Rico to as far south as Barbados, but does not support significant incursion into Trinidad & Tobago and South America. Air transport projections demonstrate that the wind patterns in the Caribbean region are not conducive to consistent flight along the north-south orientation of the Lesser Antilles, supporting the conclusion that such migration is minor and sporadic, providing few opportunities for genetic exchanges. The implications of these findings on the dissemination of deleterious traits between the two Western Hemisphere continents are discussed