Modelos productivos de las denominaciones de origen protegidas de vino en España

El número de Denominaciones de Origen Protegidas de vino ha crecido mucho en España tras la incorporación a la Unión Europea. Nuestro objetivo es identificar modelos productivos diferentes, en función de cómo se combinan los factores de producción. A partir de las estadísticas del Ministerio de Agricultura, se ha construido una base de datos con las variables estructurales más significativas de cada denominación: superficie de viñedo, viticultores y bodegas inscritas; la serie temporal abarca las campañas agrícolas de este siglo. La combinación de factores de producción se expresa mediante dos indicadores obtenidos a partir de dichas variables: el cociente entre superficie y viticultores (tamaño medio de la explotación vitícola) y el cociente entre viticultores y bodegas (polaridad château-cooperativa). Sobre la base de ambos indicadores se ha realizado una clasificación de las denominaciones mediante un análisis clúster. Como resultado, en primer lugar se ha contrastado y evaluado la existencia de grandes diferencias de tamaño entre las denominaciones; en segundo lugar, se han identificado cinco modelos productivos diferentes. De la diversidad observada se concluye que Denominación de Origen Protegida es una figura legal que acoge realidades muy dispares, lo cual puede plantear problemas de gobernanza dentro del sector del vino. The number of wine Protected Designations of Origin has grown a lot in Spain after joining the European Union. Our objective is to identify different production models, depending on how production factors are combined. From the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture, a database has been constructed with the most significant structural variables of each designation: area of vineyard, vine growers and registered wineries; the time series embraces the agricultural campaigns of 21st century. Combinations of production factors are expressed by two indicators obtained from these variables: the quotient between area and vine growers (average size of the vineyard) and the ratio of vine growers and wineries (château-cooperative polarity). On the basis of both indicators designations have been classified through a cluster analysis. Main findings are: first, the existence of large differences in size among denominations has been contrasted and evaluated; secondly, five different production models have been identified. From the observed diversity, it is concluded that Protected Designation of Origin is a legal entity that overcomes very different realities, which can raise problems of governance within the wine sector

La imagen de Aragón en los libros de texto de Educación Primaria

This paper is aimed at revealing the image of Aragon (Spain) that textbooks of primary education communicate to children. The conclusions we reach are that all textbooks keep to the classical academic pattern, distinguishing ones with a merely descriptive approach from others with a pre-scientific one. Graphics are half the printed area and serves the function of explaining the written text, but the maps are of low quality. All textbooks hold an important number of factual and conceptual errors, and show Aragon like a rural and backward region producing foods and raw materials, which is a wrong stereotype.En el artículo se realiza un estudio de los libros de texto de educación primaria utilizados en los colegios aragoneses, con el objetivo de desvelar la imagen de Aragón que transmiten a los escolares. El análisis realizado permite concluir que todos los libros de texto siguen el modelo académico clásico, diferenciándose por adoptar, en unos casos, un enfoque puramente informativo-descriptivo y, en otros, un enfoque precientífico. La parte gráfica ocupa la mitad del área impresa y cumple, en general, una función explicativa respecto al texto escrito, pero la calidad de los mapas es baja. Se ha encontrado en todos los libros un importante número de errores, tanto de carácter informativo como conceptual, y presentan a Aragón como una región rural, atrasada y productora de alimentos y materias primas, lo cual constituye un falso estereotipo

Characterization of surface layers in Zn-diffused LiNbO3 waveguides by heavy ion elastic recoil detection

Copyright (2002) American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Applied Physics Letters 81.11 (2002): 1981-1983 and may be found at http://apl.aip.org

The sustainability report of the Engineering Final Year Project

[EN] The preparation of the sustainability report of an engineering project is, nowadays, a common practice in all important companies in the ICT sector. The engineers that we form today in the universities should, definitely, include sustainability reports in their projects throughout their professional life. Teaching how to prepare a good sustainability report for a Final Degree Project is no longer an option, it is a must if we want to train high-quality engineers. Unfortunately, not all teachers have the necessary knowledge to be able to guide students in the preparation of a sustainability report of a project. For this reason, often, the students find themselves lost in the elaboration of this report, and end up doing it without making any deep reflection about the sustainability of their project. In order to guide the students in the assessment of the sustainability of their Final Degree Project, in the Facultat de Informática de Barcelona, we have designed a guide for the preparation of the sustainability report of a Final Degree Project. In this article, we present this tool in detail. The guide for preparing the sustainability report is not only useful for the students, but it is also a reference for the directors and members of the board of the Final Degree Projects.[ES] La elaboración del informe de sostenibilidad de un proyecto de ingeniería es ya una práctica habitual en todas las empresas importantes del sector TIC. Los ingenieros que formamos ahora en las universidades deberán, sin duda, incluir informes de sostenibilidad en sus proyectos cuando ejerzan profesionalmente. La enseñanza necesaria para elaborar un buen informe de sostenibilidad de un Trabajo de Fin de Grado ya no es una opción, es una necesidad si queremos formar ingenieros de calidad. Desgraciadamente, no todos los profesores han tenido la experiencia necesaria para poder orientar a los estudiantes en la elaboración de un informe de sostenibilidad de un proyecto. Esto provoca que, a menudo, los estudiantes se encuentren perdidos al elaborar dicho informe, y acaben realizándolo sin hacer ninguna reflexión profunda sobre la sostenibilidad de su proyecto. Con el fin de orientar al estudiante en la valoración de la sostenibilidad de su Trabajo de Fin de Grado, en la Facultat de Informática de Barcelona, se ha diseñado una guía para la elaboración del informe de sostenibilidad de un Trabajo de Fin de Grado. En este artículo se presenta con detalle esta herramienta. La guía para elaborar el informe de sostenibilidad no sólo es de utilidad para los estudiantes, sino que también es una referencia para los directores y miembros de tribunal de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado.Climent, J.; Cabré, J.; Sánchez, F.; Martín, C.; Vidal, E.; López, D. (2018). El informe de sostenibilidad del Trabajo de Fin de Grado del área de las ingenierías. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 16(2):75-86. doi:10.4995/redu.2018.10092SWORD758616

La denominación de origen Cariñena como sistema productivo local: redes de empresas, cultura y gobernanza

Cariñena and its environs are a territory that can be considered as a local productive system, since there is a network of enterprises linked by trading relations –specially the integration of vine growing and wine production into cooperatives- and by cooperation relationships, being the Guarantee of Origin and Quality of Wine the clearest outcome. The analysis of a set of indicators calculated from official statistics and of a set of semi-structured interviews to the main agents has led to the knowledge of certain cognitive and organisational components of the system. Those identified are a low level of technical culture, a high level of entrepreneurial culture and a low institutional density, reflected in weak outcomes of network governance.Cariñena y su entorno es un territorio que puede calificarse como sistema productivo local, pues cuenta con una red de empresas vinculadas entre sí por relaciones de mercado -especialmente la integración de viticultura y vinicultura por medio de las cooperativas- y por relaciones de cooperación, de las que la denominación de origen es el resultado más patente. El análisis de un conjunto de indicadores calculados a partir de estadísticas oficiales y de una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas a los principales agentes ha permitido aproximarse al conocimiento de determinados elementos cognitivos y de organización del sistema. Así, se han detectado un bajo nivel de cultura técnica, un alto nivel de cultura empresarial y una baja densidad institucional, que se refleja en unas débiles manifestaciones de gobernanza en red

The effect of abscisic acid chronic treatment on neuroinflammatory markers and memory in a rat model of high-fat diet induced neuroinflammation

Background Western diet and lifestyle are associated with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, which, in turn, are correlated with neuroinflammation processes. Exercise and a healthy diet are important in the prevention of these disorders. However, molecules inhibiting neuroinflammation might also be efficacious in the prevention and/or treatment of neurological disorders of inflammatory etiology. The abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone involved in hydric-stress responses. This compound is not only found in plants but also in other organisms, including mammals. In rodents, ABA can play a beneficial role in the regulation of peripheral immune response and insulin action. Thus, we hypothesized that chronic ABA administration might exert a protective effect in a model of neuroinflammation induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Methods Male Wistar rats were fed with standard diet or HFD with or without ABA in the drinking water for 12 weeks. Glucose tolerance test and behavioral paradigms were performed to evaluate the peripheral and central effects of treatments. One-Way ANOVA was performed analyzed statistical differences between groups. Results The HFD induced insulin resistance peripherally and increased the levels of proinflammatory markers in in the brain. We observed that ABA restored glucose tolerance in HFD-fed rats, as expected. In addition, chronic ABA treatment rescued cognitive performance in these animals, while not affecting control diet fed animals. Moreover, it counteracted the changes induced by HFD in the hypothalamus; microglia activations and TNFα mRNA levels. Conclusion These results suggest that ABA might become a new therapeutic molecule improving the neuroinflammatory status and insulin resistance.This work was supported by Plan Propi Universitat Jaume I P1.1A2014-06 and GVA AICO/2015/042 to AMSP

Clasificación de las Denominaciones de Origen vinícolas en la tipología de los mundos de producción: Una aplicación al caso español

The theory of worlds of production has been largely influential in food studies since the 1990s. Worlds of production are defined as combinations of decisions taken through the interaction among producers and customers about two main issues: the use of standardized or specialized resources, and the production of generic or dedicated goods. Nevertheless, the literature based on this theory is qualitative and based on case studies of a single food cluster. This article develops a more robust methodology for sorting food clusters into the typology of worlds of production. The empirical support comes from a sample of sixteen Spanish wine districts. Twenty-one statistical indicators for each district have been calculated from open data sources: eleven indicators are related to resources and ten ones are related to goods. Seven districts belong to the interpersonal world of production. This result is consistent with the European model of wine production that highlights geographical origin as a core competitive argument

Ductility of wide-beam RC frames as lateral resisting system

[EN] Some Mediterranean seismic codes consider wide-beam reinforced concrete moment resisting frames (WBF) as horizontal load carrying systems that cannot guarantee high ductility performances. Conversely, Eurocode 8 allows High Ductility Class (DCH) design for such structural systems. Code prescriptions related to WBF are systematically investigated. In particular, lesson learnt for previous earthquakes, historical reasons, and experimental and numerical studies underpinning specific prescriptions on wide beams in worldwide seismic codes are discussed. Local and global ductility of WBF are then analytically investigated through (1) a parametric study on chord rotations of wide beams with respect to that of deep beams, and (2) a spectral-based comparison of WBF with conventional reinforced concrete moment resisting frames (i.e. with deep beams). Results show that the set of prescriptions given by modern seismic codes provides sufficient ductility to WBF designed in DCH. In fact, global capacity of WBF relies more on the lateral stiffness of the frames and on the overstrength of columns rather than on the local ductility of wide beams, which is systematically lower with respect to that of deep beams.Gómez-Martínez, F.; Alonso Durá, A.; De Luca, F.; Verderame, GM. (2016). Ductility of wide-beam RC frames as lateral resisting system. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 14(6):1545-1569. doi:10.1007/s10518-016-9891-xS15451569146ACI (1989) Building code requirements for reinforced concrete (ACI 318-89). ACI Committee 318, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USAACI (2008) Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-08) and commentary (318-08). ACI Committee 318, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USAACI-ASCE (1991) Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures (ACI 352R-91). Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USAACI-ASCE (2002) Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures (ACI 352R-02). Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USAArslan MH, Korkmaz HH (2007) What is to be learned from damage and failure of reinforced concrete structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey? Eng Fail Anal 14(1):1–22ASCE (2007) Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, ASCE/SEI 41-06. American Society of Civil Engineers, RestonASCE (2010) Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7-10. American Society of Civil Engineers, RestonBenavent-Climent A (2007) Seismic behavior of RC side beam-column connections under dynamic loading. J Earthquake Eng 11:493–511Benavent-Climent A, Zahran R (2010) An energy-based procedure for the assessment of seismic capacity of existing frames: application to RC wide beam systems in Spain. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 30:354–367Benavent-Climent A, Cahís X, Zahran R (2009) Exterior wide beam-column connections in existing RC frames subjected to lateral earthquake loads. Eng Struct 31:1414–1424Benavent-Climent A, Cahís X, Vico JM (2010) Interior wide beam-column connections in existing RC frames subjected to lateral earthquake loading. Bull Earthq Eng 8:401–420BHRC (2004) Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings. Standard Nº 2800, 3rd edn. Building and Housing Research Center, TehranBorzi B, Elnashai AS (2000) Refined force reduction factors for seismic design. Eng Struct 22:1244–1260Borzi B, Pinho R, Crowley H (2008) Simplified pushover-based vulnerability analysis for large-scale assessment of RC buildings. Eng Struct 30:804–820BSI (2004) Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures: Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. British Standards Institutions, LondonCalvi GM (1999) A displacement-based approach for vulnerability evaluation of classes of buildings. J Earthquake Eng 3(3):411–438CDSC (1994) Seismic construction code, NCSR-94. Committee for the Development of Seismic Codes, Spanish Ministry of Construction, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish)CDSC (2002) Seismic construction code, NCSE-02. Committee for the Development of Seismic Codes, Spanish Ministry of Construction, Madrid, Spain (in Spanish)CEN (2004) Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance—part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. European Standard EN 1998-1:2003—Comité Européen de Normalisation, Brussels, BelgiumCEN (2005) Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance—part 3: assessment and retrofitting of buildings. European Standard EN 1998-1:2005—Comité Européen de Normalisation, Brussels, BelgiumCheung PC, Paulay T, Park R (1991) Mechanisms of slab contributions in beam-column subassemblages. ACI Spec Publ 123Cosenza E, Manfredi G, Polese M, Verderame GM (2005) A multilevel approach to the capacity assessment of existing RC buildings. J Earthquake Eng 9(1):1–22Crowley H, Pinho R (2010) Revisiting Eurocode 8 formulae for periods of vibration and their employment in linear seismic analysis. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam 39:223–235CS.LL.PP (2009) Instructions for the application of the technique code for the Constructions. Official Gazette of the Italian Republic, 47, Regular Supplement no. 27 (in Italian)De Luca F, Vamvatsikos D, Iervolino I (2013) Near-optimal piecewise linear fits of static pushover capacity curves for equivalent SDOF analysis. Earthquake Eng Struct Dynam 42(4):523–543De Luca F, Verderame GM, Gómez-Martínez F, Pérez-García A (2014) The structural role played by masonry infills on RC building performances after the 2011 Lorca, Spain, earthquake. Bull Earthq Eng 12(5):1999–2026Decanini LD, Mollaioli F (2000) Analisi di vulnerabilità sismica di edifici in cemento armato pre-normativa. In: Cosenza E (ed) Comportamento sismico di edifici in cemento armato progettati per carichi verticali. CNR—Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesa dei Terremoti, Rome (in Italian)Dolšek M, Fajfar P (2004) IN2—a simple alternative for IDA. In: Proceedings of the 13th World conference on Earthquake Engineering. August 1–6, Vancouver, Canada. Paper 3353Domínguez D, López-Almansa F, Benavent-Climent A (2014) Comportamiento para el terremoto de Lorca de 11-05-2011, de edificios de vigas planas proyectados sin tener en cuenta la acción sísmica. Informes de la Construcción 66(533):e008 (in Spanish)Domínguez D, López-Almansa F, Benavent-Climent A (2016) Would RC wide-beam buildings in Spain have survived Lorca earthquake (11-05-2011)? Eng Struct 108:134–154Dönmez C (2013) Seismic Performance of Wide-Beam Infill-Joist Block RC Frames in Turkey. J Perform Constr Facil 29(1):04014026Fadwa I, Ali TA, Nazih E, Sara M (2014) Reinforced concrete wide and conventional beam-column connections subjected to lateral load. Eng Struct 76:34–48Fardis MN (2009) Seismic design, assessment and retrofitting of concrete, Buildings edn. Springer, LondonGentry TR, Wight JK (1992) Reinforced concrete wide beam-column connections under earthquake-type loading. Report no. UMCEE 92-12. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USAGómez-Martínez F (2015) FAST simplified vulnerability approach for seismic assessment of infilled RC MRF buildings and its application to the 2011 Lorca (Spain) earthquake. Ph.D. Thesis, Polytechnic University of Valencia, SpainGómez-Martínez F, Pérez García A, De Luca F, Verderame GM (2015a) Comportamiento de los edificios de HA con tabiquería durante el sismo de Lorca de 2011: aplicación del método FAST. Informes de la Construcción 67(537):e065 (in Spanish)Gómez-Martínez F, Pérez-García A, Alonso Durá A, Martínez Boquera A, Verderame GM (2015b) Eficacia de la norma NCSE-02 a la luz de los daños e intervenciones tras el sismo de Lorca de 2011. In: Proceedings of Congreso Internacional sobre Intervención en Obras Arquitectónicas tras Sismo: L’Aquila (2009), Lorca (2011) y Emilia Romagna (2012), May 13–14, Murcia, Spain (in Spanish)Gómez-Martínez F, Verderame GM, De Luca F, Pérez-García A, Alonso-Durá, A (2015c). High ductility seismic performances of wide-beam RC frames. In; XVI Convegno ANIDIS. September 13–17, L'Aquila, ItalyHawkins NM, Mitchell D (1979) Progressive collapse of flat plate structures. 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On natural metalinguistic abilities in aphasia: a preliminary study

Natural metalinguistic abilities, which are put into play without explicit instructions, constitute the cognitive basis for a 'reflexive' use of language, a particular manifestation of the executive function when applied to language and verbal behaviour. This reflexive use entails a specific attentional activity by speakers and hearers with regard to linguistic outputs, and an intentional experience-based control over the language use. Putting into play natural metalinguistic abilities can be considered a significant factor for explaining different kinds of adaptive processes. Our results permit us to conclude that an impairment of metalinguistic abilities is involved in aphasia to different degrees. Moreover, the examination of preserved metalinguistic abilities provides an alternative way for assessing the degree of severity of impaired communicative behaviour by people with aphasia. Our procedure, presumably, will also be useful for suggesting new factors when designing therapeutic programmes

Pseudo-single crystal electrochemistry on polycrystalline electrodes : visualizing activity at grains and grain boundaries on platinum for the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reaction

The influence of electrode surface structure on electrochemical reaction rates and mechanisms is a major theme in electrochemical research, especially as electrodes with inherent structural heterogeneities are used ubiquitously. Yet, probing local electrochemistry and surface structure at complex surfaces is challenging. In this paper, high spatial resolution scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) complemented with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is demonstrated as a means of performing ‘pseudo-single-crystal’ electrochemical measurements at individual grains of a polycrystalline platinum electrode, while also allowing grain boundaries to be probed. Using the Fe2+/3+ couple as an illustrative case, a strong correlation is found between local surface structure and electrochemical activity. Variations in electrochemical activity for individual high index grains, visualized in a weakly adsorbing perchlorate medium, show that there is higher activity on grains with a significant (101) orientation contribution, compared to those with (001) and (111) contribution, consistent with findings on single-crystal electrodes. Interestingly, for Fe2+ oxidation in a sulfate medium a different pattern of activity emerges. Here, SECCM reveals only minor variations in activity between individual grains, again consistent with single-crystal studies, with a greatly enhanced activity at grain boundaries. This suggests that these sites may contribute significantly to the overall electrochemical behavior measured on the macroscale