Deterioro cognitivo y horas de sueño en mayores de 65 años no institucionalizados: estudio en farmacia comunitaria

Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo, relacionados con el estilo de vida, asociados con la presencia de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores de 65 años.Método: Para ello se diseñó un estudio observacional transversal con personas mayores de 65 años no institucionalizadas mediante entrevista personal estructurada. El estudio se realizó en 14 farmacias de la Comunidad Valenciana desde marzo 2011 hasta marzo de 2013. Se utilizan como test de cribado el Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire (SPMSQ) de Pfeiffer y el Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) versión NORMACODERM de Blesa. Se definió deterioro cognitivo por SPMSQ ≥ 3 (para analfabetos ≥ 4) y/o MMSE ≤ 24.Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 729 personas. Se encontró que el 17,6% de los participantes (n = 128) presentaban resultados compatibles con deterioro cognitivo. Se determinó que dormir 9 o más horas diarias es causa o consecuencia y, por tanto, un factor de riesgo y/o de alarma en el desarrollo de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores de 65 años. El ejercicio físico y pocas horas de sueño no obtuvo relación con el deterioro cognitivo.Conclusión: El cambio de hábitos de sueño en el anciano (pasar a dormir más horas) es una señal de alerta para estudiar la presencia de un posible deterioro cognitivo

Electrochemical analysis of gildings in Valencia altarpieces: a cross-age study since fifteenth until twentieth century, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry

[EN] The application of the voltammetry of microparticles methodology to the study of gildings in paintings and architectural ornaments is described. Nanosamples from pieces from different churches of the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain) covering since the fifteenth century until nowadays were studied upon attachment to graphite electrodes in contact with aqueous HCl and H2SO4 electrolytes. Electrochemical measurements, combined with field emission scanning electron microscopy X-ray microanalysis (FESEM-EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data, denoted that a common manufacturing technique was used with minimal variations along time. The relationship between specific voltammetric features associated to bulk gold and active surface sites, however, changed monotonically with time, thus suggesting the possibility of age monitoring.Financial support from the MINECO Projects CTQ2014-53736-C3-1-P, CTQ2014-53736-C3-2-P and MAT2015-65445-C2-2-R, which are supported with ERDF funds is gratefully acknowledged. Likewise financial support of the Comunidad de Madrid and structural funds of the EU through Programa Geomateriales 2 ref. S2013/MIT-2914 is acknowledged. The authors thank the Seccion de Investigacion Arqueologica Municipal de Valencia for kindly authorizing sampling to carry out this research. The authors also thank Dr. Jose Luis Moya Lopez and Mr. Manuel Planes Insausti (Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia) for their technical support.Ferragud Adam, JV.; Piquero-Cilla, J.; Domenech Carbo, MT.; Guerola Blay, V.; Company Climent, J.; Domenech Carbo, A. (2016). 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Interface Engineering in Perovskite Solar Cells by Low Concentration of Phenylethyl Ammonium Iodide Solution in the Antisolvent Step

In spite of the outstanding properties of metal halide perovskites, its polycrystallinenature induces a wide range of structural defects that results in charge losses thataffect thefinal device performance and stability. Herein, a surface treatment is usedto passivate interfacial vacancies and improve moisture tolerance. A functionalorganic molecule, phenylethyl ammonium iodide (PEAI) salt, is dissolved with theantisolvent step. The additive used at low concentration does not induce formationof low-dimensional perovskites species. Instead, the organic halide species pas-sivate the surface of the perovskite and grain boundaries, which results in aneffective passivation. For sake of generality, this facile solution-processed synthesiswas studied for halide perovskite with different compositions, the standardperovskite MAPbI3, and double cation perovskites, MA0.9Cs0.1PbI3andMA0.5FA0.5PbI3, increasing the average photoconversion efficiency compared tothe reference cell by 18%, 32%, and 4% respectively, observed for regular, n-i-p,and inverted, p-i-n, solar cell configurations. This analysis highlights the generalityof this approach for halide perovskite materials in order to reduce nonradiativerecombination as observed by impedance spectroscopy

La Atención a la diversidad en la educación secundaria

Segunda ediciónIndividualizar la enseñanza respondiendo con ello a las diferentes necesidades de los alumnos y alumnas ha sido siempre la máxima aspiración del profesorado. La opción por una Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de carácter comprensivo adoptada en la LOGSE da aún mayor importancia a este objetivo educativo y sitúa la atención a la diversidad como el principio vertebrador de la organización y de la práctica docente de esta etapa escolar. El libro aborda este tema presentando una panorámica general desde el propio concepto de diversidad hasta las medidas que es necesario poner en marcha en los centros. Una respuesta a la diversidad eficaz exige organizar el trabajo en el aula de tal manera que el profesor pueda ajustar su intervención a las peculiaridades de los alumnos, pero supone también determinadas decisiones que implican al conjunto del centro. La optatividad o /os programas de diversificación curricular son algunas de las estrategias curriculares y de organización más relevantes desde este punto de vista, que deben completarse, en el caso de los centros docentes que escolarizan alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales, con algunas otras más específicas. En el libro se revisan todas estas actuaciones docentes desde un planteamiento riguroso y asequible, tanto para los futuros profesores de secundaria, como para los que ya están impartiendo docencia en este crucial periodo educativo

Deep MRD profiling defines outcome and unveils different modes of treatment resistance in standard- and high-risk myeloma

PETHEMA/GEM Cooperative Group.Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) carrying standard- or high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) achieve similar complete response (CR) rates, but the later have inferior progression-free survival (PFS). This questions the legitimacy of CR as a treatment endpoint and represents a biological conundrum regarding the nature of tumor reservoirs that persist after therapy in high-risk MM. We used next-generation flow (NGF) cytometry to evaluate measurable residual disease (MRD) in MM patients with standard- vs high-risk CAs (n = 300 and 90, respectively) enrolled in the PETHEMA/GEM2012MENOS65 trial, and to identify mechanisms that determine MRD resistance in both patient subgroups (n = 40). The 36-month PFS rates were higher than 90% in patients with standard- or high-risk CAs achieving undetectable MRD. Persistent MRD resulted in a median PFS of ∼3 and 2 years in patients with standard- and high-risk CAs, respectively. Further use of NGF to isolate MRD, followed by whole-exome sequencing of paired diagnostic and MRD tumor cells, revealed greater clonal selection in patients with standard-risk CAs, higher genomic instability with acquisition of new mutations in high-risk MM, and no unifying genetic event driving MRD resistance. Conversely, RNA sequencing of diagnostic and MRD tumor cells uncovered the selection of MRD clones with singular transcriptional programs and reactive oxygen species–mediated MRD resistance in high-risk MM. Our study supports undetectable MRD as a treatment endpoint for patients with MM who have high-risk CAs and proposes characterizing MRD clones to understand and overcome MRD resistance. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01916252

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective