Influence of constructive profiles on the generation of construction waste in construction in the Northeast

The construction sector is one of the main modifiers of the environment, since in its activities there is, essentially, the exploitation of natural resources, generating a large amount of waste. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of management parameters (term, contracting and costs) and constructive parameters (building standard, type of foundation and type of masonry) in the generation of construction waste. The methodology consisted of the following steps: definition of the parameters to be analyzed for the generation of waste in 15 works; data collection and processing and, finally, data dispersion analysis through the boxplot. The class was predominant A waste, 89.2% of the total generated; among class B waste, gypsum is more prominent, with 55% of the waste generated; in class C the mixed materials are predominant, with 64%. Regarding the analyzed parameters, the ones that contributed the most to the generation of civil construction waste (CCW) were: high work pattern (48%); incorporation hiring regime (58%); intermediate execution time between 36 and 45 months (49%); the foundation of the shoe type (36%); sealing masonry with ceramic blocks in the peripheries and gypsum blocks internally (58%)

Melon cultivation irrigated with saline waters promote chemical alterations in an acrisol

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the salinization process and the changes in the chemical properties of an Acrisol cultivated with melon irrigated with water of different saline concentrations. The experiment was carried out in the field conditions using the experimental design of randomized blocks, arranged in split-plot. The plots were composed of salinity levels of irrigation water, expressed in terms of water electrical conductivity (ECw): 0.54; 1.48; 2.02 dS m-1; and the sub-plots for melon cultivars: Sancho and Medellín (Toad Skin), Mandacaru (Yellow), Nectar (Galia) and Sedna (Cantaloupe). Soil samples were collected at the beginning and end of the crop cycle to evaluate the changes in the physical-chemical properties of the soil. The electrical conductivity of saturation extract in the soil profile varied for each cultivar, observing high salinity values in soils with cultivars with lower water demand (Sedna and Nectar). The salinity of the soil was lower than the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water in the treatments with high values of ECw. The soil pH values showed little reaction in relation to the initial values. The exchangeable sodium percentage values were approximate twice the sodium adsorption ratio of the saturation stratum

Efeitos do manejo sustentável da Caatinga sob os atributos físicos do solo

Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do solo, em áreas da Caatinga submetidas a diferentes sistemas de manejo, tendo como parâmetros os atributos físicos do solo. As formas de manejo adotadas foram: (1) área de manejo sustentável da Caatinga; (2) área de Caatinga com manejo convencional; e (3) área de Caatinga considerada mata nativa. Decorridos 5 anos, foram coletadas amostras de solo nas áreas nas profundidades 0,00-0,20 m e 0,20-0,40 m para análise dos atributos físicos do solo. Os resultados evidenciaram maior compactação do solo na área de manejo convencional. O manejo sustentável da Caatinga mostrou-se uma técnica promissora para manutenção e recuperação das propriedades físicas do solo

Morphological and nutritional evaluation of ‘caraíba’ seedlings in different substrates using domestic sewage effluent for fertirrigation

In this study, we evaluated the effects of fertigation with domestic sewage effluent and different substrates on the growth of Caraíba seedlings (Tabebuia aurea Benth). The experiment was accomplished in a greenhouse in Mossoró, RN. Five irrigation solutions (100% of water supply - WS, 100% of domestic sewage effluent – DS and dilutions of 75% DS + 25% WS, 50% DS + 50% WS e 25% DS + 75% WS) were tested and two substrates (75% soil + 25% bovine manure and 75% soil + 25% coconut fiber) using completely randomized design in subdivided plots with three replicates per treatment. Growth and development parameters were measured at 30, 60, 90, and 150 days after cultivation. The variables shoots height, collar diameter, height/diameter ratio, dry matter of root, shoots and total (root and shoots), shoots/root ratio, Dickson quality index, and nutritional evaluation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium were determinate. We verified that the use of domestic sewage increased growth and quality of caraíba seedlings, besides promoting nutrient accumulation in the plants grown in substrate of bovine manure plus soil with 100% application of domestic sewage in the fertigationEn este estudio se objetivó evaluar los efectos del agua de fertirrigación con efluente de alcantarillado doméstico y de diferentes sustratos de cultivo en el crecimiento de mudas de Caraíba (Tabebuia aurea Benth). El experimento fue realizado en condiciones de ambiente protegido en la ciudad de Mossoró, RN. Se han probado cinco soluciones de riego (100% de agua de abastecimiento - AA, 100% de efluente de desagüe doméstico - EE y las diluciones del 75% EE + 25% AA, 50% EE + 50% AA y 25% EE + 75 (% AA) y dos sustratos (75% suelo + 25% estiércol de bovinos y 75% suelo + 25% fibra de coco) utilizando el delineamiento estadístico completamente casualizado, arregladas en parcelas subdivididas con tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Las evaluaciones de crecimiento y desarrollo se realizaron a los 30, 60, 90 y 150 días después de la siembra. Se determinaron las variables altura de la parte aérea, diámetro del cuello, relación entre altura y diámetro, materias secas del sistema radicular, de la parte aérea y total (raíz y parte aérea), relación entre raíz y parte aérea, índice de Dickson, y la evaluación nutricional de nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio y calcio. Se verificó que la utilización de efluente doméstico aumentó el crecimiento y la calidad de las mudas de caraíba, además de promover la acumulación nutricional en las plantas cultivadas en sustrato de estiércol bovino más suelo cuando se fertirrigadas con 100% de efluente doméstic

Cultivo da rúcula em substrato de fibra de coco sob solução nutritiva salina

Em função da baixa disponibilidade de água doce para a agricultura, o uso de água salina na produção de alimentos e a adoção do sistema hidropônico são alternativas para o semiárido. É necessário buscar alternativas para o uso condizente dessas águas com seu maior aproveitamento na produção vegetal e reduzir os impactos ambientais. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da salinidade da solução nutritiva para rúcula (Eruca sativa L. cv. Cultivada) cultivada em substrato de fibra de coco sob condições protegidas. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 4x4, com quatro tipos de solução nutritiva de composição salina, adicionadas de NaCl (ST = 2,0; S1 = 3,5; S2 = 4,5 e S3 = 5,5 dS m-1), aplicadas em quatro épocas de desenvolvimento (primeira, segunda, terceira e quarta semana após o transplantio), com quatro repetições. Os resultados indicam que o aumento da salinidade da solução nutritiva não proporcionou redução para altura das plantas e número de folhas, sendo os teores de Na e Cl nas folhas classificado como aceitável para alimentação humana

Production of lettuce crop under foliar organo-mineral fertilization and environment

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the organo-mineral foliar fertilization and the environment in the lettuce crop. The work was carried out in a soil classified as Quartzipsamments, with loam texture and low initial availability of nutrients. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 x 5, corresponding to two cultivars of lettuce (Crisp Vanda and Crisp Lucy Brown), two environments (with and without shading mesh at 35%) and five concentrations of Ferti Garden liquid fertilizer multipurpose via foliar, (0; 5; 10; 15 and 20% of the product in the solution), with 4 repetitions, containing 20 plants. Soil preparation was done manually and fertilized with 30 m3 hectare-1 of bovine manure, dead cover was also used. The foliar fertilizer was applied three times, at intervals of seven days, through a constant pressure sprayer, from 12 days after transplanting the seedlings. At 33 days after the transplant the plants were harvested and evaluated in the variables of head diameter, number of leaves, fresh matter and productivity. The cultivar Crisp Lucy Brown proved to be more demanding in terms of luminosity and mineral nutrition in relation to the cultivar Crisp Vanda. Therefore, the highest development and productivity of the Crisp Lucy Brown cultivar is obtained without shading mesh, with fertilization before sowing of 30 kg ha-1 of fowl bed and fertilization with 9.1% of the foliar fertilizer. While for the cultivar Crisp Vanda the highest productivity is obtained with shading mesh, and only with fertilization before sowing

Perfil fermentativo, estabilidade aeróbia, composição química e mineral de silagens de manga combinados com farelo de casca de cacau

Foi avaliado o perfil fermentativo, estabilidade aeróbia, composição química e conteúdo mineral de silagens de manga combinadas com farelo de casca de cacau. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, incluindo quatro níveis (65, 70, 75 e 80%) e cinco repetições, totalizando 20 silos experimentais abertos aos 90 dias da vedação. O incremento dos níveis de manga nas silagens aumentou a recuperação de matéria seca, carboidratos totais e fração B2 de carboidratos, e reduziu as perdas de gases, matéria seca e matéria mineral. Foi encontrado um efeito quadrático para pH, capacidade tampão, potássio, boro, ferro e para as frações de nitrogênio A e B1 + B2. A utilização de produtos não convencionais como a manga combinada com a farinha da casca da vagem de cacau para a produção de silagem pode reduzir o custo da suplementação alimentar para ruminantes e a contaminação ambiental.The objective was to evaluate the fermentation profile, aerobic stability, chemical composition, and mineral content of silages of mango combined with cocoa pod husk meal. A completely randomized design was adopted, including four levels (65, 70, 75, and 80%) and five repetitions, totaling 20 experimental silos that were opened after 90 days of sealing. Increasing mango levels in the silages increased the dry matter recovery, total carbohydrates, and fraction B2 of carbohydrates, and reduced gas losses, dry matter, and mineral matter. The quadratic effect was found for pH, buffering capacity, potassium, boron, iron, and nitrogen fractions A and B1 + B2. Using unconventional products such as mango combined with cocoa pod husk meal for silage making can reduce the cost of food supplementation for ruminants, and the environmental contamination.

Effect of organic residue compost made from household waste, plant residues and manure on the growth of lettuce

1 recurso en línea (páginas 464-474)Composting is an alternative for recycling biodegradable organic solid wastes, turning them into fertilizers for agriculture and avoiding improper disposal in landfills. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of a compound produced from organic residues and its performance in the development and productivity of a crisp lettuce cultivar (Lactuca sativa L.), in greenhouse conditions. For the compost, household waste (food residue) and cattle manure were used at a 1:1 ratio. For the construction of the compost piles, the organic residues were mixed with wood chips. Different concentrations of the mature compost (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% compost) were evaluated in the lettuce cultivation substrate in a randomized block design, with three replicates. The results showed that the organic compost had physical-chemical and microbiological characteristics within agronomic use patterns that, when added to the coconut fiber substrate, favored lettuce production, promoting a 63% increase in plant height and 75% increase in the number of leaves.El compostaje se presenta como una alternativa para reciclar residuos sólidos orgánicos biodegradables, transformarlos en fertilizantes para la agricultura y evitar su deposición inadecuada en rellenos sanitarios. De esta forma, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la calidad físico-química y microbiológica de un compost producido a partir de residuos orgánicos y su desempeño en el desarrollo y productividad del cultivo de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sativa L.), en condiciones de invernadero. La materia prima del compostaje fueron residuos orgánicos domiciliares (restos de alimentos) y estiércol de bovino en proporción 1:1. Para la construcción de los montículos de compost, los residuos orgánicos fueron mezclados con podas de árboles triturados. Diferentes concentraciones de compost madurado, 20, 40, 60, 80 y 100%, fueron incluidos en el sustrato de lechuga en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que el compost orgánico producido presentó características físico-químicas y microbiológicas dentro de los rangos de utilización agronómica y su adición en el sustrato de fibra de coco, favoreció la producción de lechuga, promoviendo un incremento de 63% en la altura de plantas y 75% en el número de hojas.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 472-47