Efecto "país de origen" y etnocentrismo en la compra de alimentos en el sur de Chile

This study sought to determine the relative importance of the country of origin in the selection of four foodstuffs (rice, sugar, chicken meat and oil); to identify consumer segments; and to evaluate which sociodemographic variables affect ethnocentrism in food consumption, through a survey responded by 800 habitual supermarket shoppers in southern Chile. It was determined that the country of origin was the most important attribute in the selection of the four foods. Three consumer segments were distinguished which assigned a different degree of importance to the country of origin, although in two segments the country of origin was highly important in the purchase choice. The consumers of the three segments preferred Chilean foods and expressed a lower preference for food imported from countries that were farther away and more culturally different from Chile. The segments differed significantly in the frequency of purchase of imported foods, reasons for preferring to buy imported foods, and ethnocentrism. It was found that if the respondent was a woman, of older age, belonged to the medium or high socioeconomic level, and had a conservative lifestyle, the probability of being ethnocentric in food consumption increased.Este estudio buscó determinar la importancia relativa del país de origen en la elección de cuatro alimentos (arroz, azúcar, carne de pollo y aceite); identificar segmentos de consumidores, y evaluar qué variables sociodemográficas afectan el etnocentrismo en el consumo de alimentos, a través de una encuesta respondida por 800 compradores habituales de supermercados en el sur de Chile. Se obtuvo que el país de origen fue el atributo de mayor importancia en la elección de los cuatro alimentos. Se distinguieron tres segmentos de consumidores que asignaron diferente importancia al país de origen, aun cuando en dos de ellos el país de origen tuvo elevada relevancia en la elección. Los consumidores de los tres segmentos prefirieron los alimentos chilenos y expresaron una menor preferencia hacia los alimentos importados desde países más lejanos y diferentes culturalmente de Chile. Los segmentos difirieron significativamente según la frecuencia de compra de alimentos importados, razones para preferir comprar alimentos importados y etnocentrismo. Se obtuvo que si la persona es mujer, si es de mayor edad, pertenece al nivel socioeconómico medio o alto y posee un estilo de vida conservador, aumenta la probabilidad de que sea etnocéntrico en el consumo de alimentos.Fil: Schnettler, Berta. Universidad de La Frontera (Chile). Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria.Fil: Sánchez, Mercedes. Universidad Pública de Navarra (Pamplona, España)Fil: Miranda, Horacio. Universidad de La Frontera (Chile). Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria.Fil: Orellana, Ligia. University of Sheffield. Department of Psychology,Fil: Sepúlveda, José. University of Sheffield. Department of Psychology,Fil: Mora, Marcos. Universidad de Chile. Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas. Departamento de Economía Agraria.Fil: Lobos, Germán. Universidad de Talca (Chile)Fil: Hueche, Clementina. Chile. Universidad de La Frontera. Centro de Psicología Económica y del Consumo

The diverging patterns of life satisfaction between families : A latent profile analysis in dual-earner parents with adolescents

This study identifies family profiles based onthe level of life satisfaction (LS) inmothers, fathers and adolescents, and variables related to their family, food, and work life.The sample was composed of 303 families of dual-earner parents (mothers’ mean age = 40.9 years, SD = 7.4, fathers’ mean age = 43.2 years, SD = 7.2) and one of their children aged between 10 and 17 years (mean age 13.3, SD = 2.4, 51.5% female). A Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify five family profiles. Profiles differed in LS, satisfaction with family life (SWFaL), satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL), family functioning, both parents’ worklife balance and their perception of the financial situation of the household. Balanced and imbalanced families in terms of LS differed in the three family members’ LS and SWFaL, mothers’ and children’ SWFoL and family functioning, and both parents’ perception of financial situation. These results contribute to understanding the heterogeneity of life satisfaction dynamics between and within dual-earner families.©2021 Springer Nature. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Invarianza de medida transcultural en la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en estudiantes universitarios de Chile y España

Introducción: La Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS) es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para la evaluación cognitiva del bienestar subjetivo de los individuos. La SWLS ha sido validada en numerosos contextos y poblaciones, pero la invarianza de medida a nivel transcultural en adultos emergentes ha sido poco explorada. El propósito de este artículo fue evaluar la invarianza de medida de la SWLS en estudiantes universitarios de Chile y España y según género. Método: Una muestra no probabilística de 165 estudiantes universitarios de Chile (66.7% mujeres, edad promedio = 21.9, DE = 2.35) y 109 estudiantes de España (48.6% mujeres, edad promedio = 22.9, DE = 2.4) completaron la SWLS. Resultados: Por medio de un análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo, los resultados mostraron que la SWLS exhibió invarianza configural, métrica y escalar en la comparación entre las muestras de estudiantes chilenos y españoles y según género. Conclusión: Este hallazgo muestra que la SWLS permite comparaciones significativas de medias latentes entre muestras transculturales universitarias. Además, este estudio aporta evidencia de la SWLS como un instrumento válido que puede guiar la creación de políticas para mejorar el bienestar subjetivo de los estudiantes universitarios de ambos géneros, tanto en países desarrollados como en desarrollo de habla hispana.Introduction: The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used measure of an individuals’ cognitive assessment of subjective well-being. The SWLS has been validated in several contexts and populations, but its cross-cultural measurement invariance in emerging adult samples remains barely explored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement invariance of the SWLS in university students from Chile and Spain and according to gender. Method: A non-probabilistic sample of 165 university students from Chile (66.7% women, Mage = 21.9, SD = 2.35), and 109 students from Spain (48.6% women; Mage = 22.9, SD = 2.4) completed the SWLS. Results: Using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis, results showed that the SWLS exhibited configural, metric and scalar invariance in the comparison between the Chilean and Spanish student samples and also according to gender. Conclusions: This finding allows for significant latent mean comparisons between cross-cultural samples. Moreover, this study supports the SWLS as a valid instrument which provides data that can inform policies in order to improve the subjective well-being of university students of both genders, both in developed and developing Spanish-speaking countries.This work was supported by Fondecyt Project 1160005 and Project AGL2015-65897-C3-1 of the Ministry of Economics and Competitivity of the Government of Spain

Estrategias de socialización alimentaria en padres y madres de familias chilenas/Food socialization strategies in fathers and mothers of Chilean families

A partir de un estudio cualitativo interpretativo con un enfoque de análisis de contenido bajo los supuestos de la teoría fundamentada, se buscó describir el significado subjetivo de la socialización alimentaria en la familia, en cuanto a prácticas y estrategias que padres y madres utilizan para introducir a sus hijos en patrones de comportamiento alimentario. Dieciocho familias de estratos socioeconómicos bajos, medios y altos participaron en el estudio, respondiendo a una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados arrojaron dos categorías centrales de contenido, por un lado, el proceso de educación alimentaria y por otro, las prácticas específicas de alimentación, que presentaron diferencias entre padres y madres en cuanto al nivel de implicación en el proceso alimentario de los hijos. De igual modo, se identificó que el mayor grado de implicación paterna se observó en el alto nivel socioeconómico alto. Finalmente, los hallazgos obtenidos develan la necesidad de promover una mayor educación alimentaria y prácticas alimentarias que apoyen la alimentación saludable en diferentes contextos familiares.

Vínculos afectivos en adolescentes institucionalizados, Chile

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la experiencia de vínculos afectivos en adolescentes institucionalizados en la región de la Araucanía, Chile. La muestra estuvo compuesta por cuatro adolescentes varones (entre 16 a 18 años), que actualmente residen en centros administrados por la red Servicio Nacional de Menores (Sename). La metodología utilizada fue a partir de entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a los adolescentes y analizadas a través del análisis fenomenológico interpretativo. Los resultados mostraron tres temas principales: a) valoración de los vínculos con personas significativas, b) construcción y mantenimiento de vínculos y c) institucionalización como contexto en el que han desarrollado su trayectoria de vida. Se concluye destacando los vínculos establecidos en la cotidianidad de la vida institucional y su relevancia para el proyecto vital del adolescente

Diet Quality and Satisfaction with Life, Family Life, and Food-Related Life across Families: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study with Mother-Father-Adolescent Triads

Family is a major determinant of children’s and adolescents’ eating behavior. The objectives of the present study were to assess diet quality, eating habits, satisfaction with life, family life, and food-related life in mother–father–adolescent triads, and to identify profiles of families according to family members’ diet quality. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 300 two-parent families with one child over the age of 10 in the city of Temuco (Chile), including the Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFoL) scale, Satisfaction with Family Life (SWFaL) scales, and questions relating to their eating habits. Positive relationships were found between the diet quality of the family members, particularly between mothers and adolescents. Three family profiles with different diet qualities were identified: “families with an unhealthy diet” (39.3%), “families in which mothers and adolescents have healthy diets, but the fathers’ diets require changes” (14.3%), and “families that require changes in their diet” (46.4%). These findings stress the key role of mothers in determining family diet quality and suggest a positive relationship between diet quality and satisfaction with life

Perceptions of Teachers from a School Integration Program towards Inclusive Education

The objective of this article is to reveal the perceptions about inclusive education of practices of different professionals from the school Integration Program (PIE) and teachers, considering the pedagogical-didactic dimensions, cooperative learning, ethics and social action in an educational center of Los Rios region, Chile. This work is presented in a case study, using a mixed methodology of descriptive character. 36 people, 15 multidisciplinary professionals from PIE and 21 teachers from different subjects of primary and secondary education, participate in this investigation. A Likert scale questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were applied for collecting information on perceptions of inclusive education. The quantitative results show a slight tendency towards theoretical approaches associated with inclusive education. However, the findings that emerge from the teachers' speech are associated with segregationist and exclusionary practices that inhibit cooperative work in the classroom, showing low expectations and an unfavorable attitude towards inclusion causing distrust among the actors of the school community. In conclusion, it is important to note the need for an inclusive curriculum that promotes pedagogical-didactic and cooperative learning as an essential component for inclusive education within the framework of an ethical and social behavior responsible for the complete development of the student

The Mediating Role of Family and Food-Related Life Satisfaction in the Relationships between Family Support, Parent Work-Life Balance and Adolescent Life Satisfaction in Dual-Earner Families

This study explored the associations between family support and satisfaction with life, food-related life and family life. It also assessed the associations between both parents’ work-life balance and satisfaction with life, food-related life and family life among adolescent children from dual-earner families. Questionnaires were administered to 303 dual-earner families with one child between 10 and 17 years in Temuco, Chile. Adolescents answered the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life scale (SWFoL), Satisfaction with Family Life scale (SWFaL) and the Family subscale of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Both parents answered the Work-life Balance (WLB) scale. Using structural equation modelling and having controlled for adolescents’ gender, age and socioeconomic status, we confirmed that adolescent life satisfaction is associated with satisfaction with family life and food-related life. Food-related life satisfaction and family life satisfaction had complete mediating roles between perceived family support and adolescents’ life satisfaction. Satisfaction with food-related life also had a complete mediating role between both parents’ WLB and adolescents’ life satisfaction. Satisfaction with family life had a complete mediating role between mothers’ WLB and adolescents’ life satisfaction. In addition, mothers’ WLB was positively associated with perceived family support among adolescents. These findings suggest the need to improve family support and work-life balance among mothers in order to enhance adolescents’ satisfaction with different domains of life in dual-earner families

Cross-cultural measurement invariance in the satisfaction with food-related life scale in older adults from two developing countries

Abstract Background Nutrition is one of the major determinants of successful aging. The Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL) scale measures a person’s overall assessment regarding their food and eating habits. The SWFL scale has been used in older adult samples across different countries in Europe, Asia and America, however, there are no studies that have evaluated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the scale in older adult samples. Therefore, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the SWFL scale across older adults from Chile and Ecuador. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to recruit a sample of older adults of both genders from Chile (mean age = 71.38, SD = 6.48, range = 60–92) and from Ecuador (mean age = 73.70, SD = 7.45, range = 60–101). Participants reported their levels of satisfaction with food-related life by completing the SWFL scale, which consists of five items grouped into a single dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine cross-cultural measurement invariance of the SWFL scale. Results Results showed that the SWFL scale exhibited partial measurement invariance, with invariance of all factor loadings, invariance in all but one item’s threshold (item 1) and invariance in all items’ uniqueness (residuals), which leads us to conclude that there is a reasonable level of partial measurement invariance for the CFA model of the SWFL scale, when comparing the Chilean and Ecuadorian older adult samples. The lack of invariance in item 1 confirms previous studies with adults and emerging adults in Chile that suggest this item is culture-sensitive. We recommend revising the wording of the first item of the SWFL in order to relate the statement with the person’s life. Conclusions The SWFL scale shows partial measurement invariance across older adults from Chile and Ecuador. A 4-item version of the scale (excluding item 1) provides the basis for international comparisons of satisfaction with food-related life in older adults from developing countries in South America