Familia y Tercera Edad: variables predictoras del abandono del anciano

Resumo: Neste artigo abordaremos a problemática dos idosos em uma sociedade na qual é cada vez maior o número de pessoas com idade superior a 65 anos. Uma das conseqüências do aumento da média de idade e de uma maior qualidade de vida dos idosos é, precisamente, a não existência de pessoas que os assumam. Estudaremos, nestas linhas, o risco de abandono e quais são as variáveis mais importantes na predição deste risco. Para tanto trabalharemos com dois grupos de idosos (os que vivem em casa com seus familiares e os que vivem em residências para idosos), o que totaliza 121 idosos e, mediante a técnica estatística da regressão logística obteremos as variáveis com maior peso para discriminar entre os dois grupos e predizer o risco de abandono. Palavras-chave: Idoso. Abandono. Família. Abstract: This paper approaches the problem of the elderly in a society of a growing number of people who are more than 65 years old. One of the consequences of a higher average age and a better quality of life of the elderly is, precisely, the lack of people who assume them. Following these lines, this study concerns the risk of abandonment and the most important variables in the prediction of this risk. Two elderly groups (those that live at home with their families and those that live in rest homes) of a total of 121 elders is the studied population. By means of the statistics technique of logistic regression, the variables with greater influence to discriminate between the two groups and predict the risk of abandonment were obtained. Keywords: Elderly. Abandonment. Family

Explainable Hopfield Neural Networks Using an Automatic Video-Generation System

Hopfield Neural Networks (HNNs) are recurrent neural networks used to implement associative memory. They can be applied to pattern recognition, optimization, or image segmentation. However, sometimes it is not easy to provide the users with good explanations about the results obtained with them due to mainly the large number of changes in the state of neurons (and their weights) produced during a problem of machine learning. There are currently limited techniques to visualize, verbalize, or abstract HNNs. This paper outlines how we can construct automatic video-generation systems to explain its execution. This work constitutes a novel approach to obtain explainable artificial intelligence systems in general and HNNs in particular building on the theory of data-to-text systems and software visualization approaches. We present a complete methodology to build these kinds of systems. Software architecture is also designed, implemented, and tested. Technical details about the implementation are also detailed and explained. We apply our approach to creating a complete explainer video about the execution of HNNs on a small recognition problem. Finally, several aspects of the videos generated are evaluated (quality, content, motivation and design/presentation).University of the Bio-Bio. Vicerrectoria de Investigacion. Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales. Departamento de Sistemas de Informacion

Hormonal and metabolic responses of Mexican lime plants to CTV infection

Plant viral infections alter gene expression and metabolism in infected host. To study the molecular responses of Mexican lime to CTV infection, an analysis of plant metabolome in response to infection with severe (T318) or mild (T385) isolates of CTV was performed. Healthy plants and those infected with any of the two virus strains showed different metabolite profiles, at different stages of new sprout development. Proline content increased in plants infected with CTV, proportionally to the virulence of the virus strain. Abscisic acid content decreased after virus infection whereas jasmonic and salicylic acid levels increased. CTV infection had an impact on plant secondary metabolism, by stimulating the synthesis of different metabolites such as l-methylhistidine, phenylpropanoid derivatives. These metabolites are common responses of different organisms, including higher mammals, to viral diseases, and its presence in this system points to the existence of universal responses to virus infection among different kingdoms

Detecting Aggressiveness in Tweets: A Hybrid Model for Detecting Cyberbullying in the Spanish Language

In recent years, the use of social networks has increased exponentially, which has led to a significant increase in cyberbullying. Currently, in the field of Computer Science, research has been made on how to detect aggressiveness in texts, which is a prelude to detecting cyberbullying. In this field, the main work has been done for English language texts, mainly using Machine Learning (ML) approaches, Lexicon approaches to a lesser extent, and very few works using hybrid approaches. In these, Lexicons and Machine Learning algorithms are used, such as counting the number of bad words in a sentence using a Lexicon of bad words, which serves as an input feature for classification algorithms. This research aims at contributing towards detecting aggressiveness in Spanish language texts by creating different models that combine the Lexicons and ML approach. Twenty-two models that combine techniques and algorithms from both approaches are proposed, and for their application, certain hyperparameters are adjusted in the training datasets of the corpora, to obtain the best results in the test datasets. Three Spanish language corpora are used in the evaluation: Chilean, Mexican, and Chilean-Mexican corpora. The results indicate that hybrid models obtain the best results in the 3 corpora, over implemented models that do not use Lexicons. This shows that by mixing approaches, aggressiveness detection improves. Finally, a web application is developed that gives applicability to each model by classifying tweets, allowing evaluating the performance of models with external corpus and receiving feedback on the prediction of each one for future research. In addition, an API is available that can be integrated into technological tools for parental control, online plugins for writing analysis in social networks, and educational tools, among others

Photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) plants to Citrus tristeza virus infection

The effect of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) infection on photosynthetic activity and antioxidant metabolism was analysedin plants of the highly susceptible citrus genotype Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia). Two virus isolates differing intheir virulence (the severe T318 and the mild T385) were used in the experiments. CTV infection caused a reduction inphotosynthetic capacity in infected plants. This limitation was mainly due to a reduction in the carboxylative efficiencywhereas the limitation of CO2diffusion through the stoma had lower impact. The virus did not damage the antennaeand did not reduce the efficiency of light harvesting complexes. Oxidative damage occurred in infected plants, as evi-denced by the increase in malondialdehyde levels. Indeed, CTV infection caused an increase in ascorbate peroxidaseactivity in new shoots developed in infected plants during the 2 years of the experiment. Data suggest that the H2O2removal machinery was not damaged as a result of stress but the defence mechanism was overwhelmed with time dueto the continuing pressure of biotic stressUniversitat Jaume I (SPAIN) P1IB2012-06 P1IB2013-23 Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) AGL2010-22195-C03-0

A novel in vitro tissue culture approach to study salt stress responses in citrus

In citrus, a major crop throughout the world, growth and yield are seriously affected by salinity. Different approaches, including agronomical, physiological and molecular methods, have been used to address this problem. In this work, an in vitro experimental system has been developed to study the toxic effect of NaCl on three citrus genotypes, avoiding the ion filter that represents the root system. To carry out the experiments, shoots were obtained from nodal segments of Cleopatra mandarin, Carrizo citrange and citrumelo CPB4475 plants growing in a greenhouse. Shoots were cultured in control or NaCl-supplemented media. After testing several salt concentrations, 60 mM NaCl was selected as saline treatment. Shoots accumulated similar levels of chloride when cultured without roots and exhibited similar leaf damage. No increases in malondialdehyde levels were observed in any genotype (as a measure of oxidative stress). Similar patterns of hormonal signalling (in terms of abscisic acid and salicylic acid contents) were exhibited in the three genotypes, despite their different tolerance under field conditions. All data together indicate that, without root system, all genotypes had the same behaviour under salt stress. The in vitro culture system has been proved as a useful tool to study biochemical processes involved in the response of citrus to salt stres

Potencial de la celulosa en la construcción de nuevos materiales

Actualmente, más de una tercera parte de los tipos de papeles que hoy empleamos son para nuevos usos que hace diez años no existían. Además, la demanda creciente de productos basados en materias primas renovables y la preocupación social hacia el medio ambiente, estimula el desarrollo de productos diferentes con nuevas aplicaciones y alto valor añadido. En los últimos años ha incrementado el interés por la necesidad de buscar alternativas a los materiales derivados del petróleo, que sean más sostenibles y renovables. Los soportes celulósicos son una buena opción siendo un material natural, renovable, reciclable y biodegradable. Uno de los principales campos de investigación en el desarrollo de productos para los sectores del “packaging”, es la obtención de nuevos materiales celulósicos con propiedades avanzadas similares a las que proporcionan los derivados del petróleo. Por otra parte, una de las nuevas aplicaciones del papel que se contempla es en la microfluídica: el uso del papel como material base para construcción de dispositivos microfluídicos y su aplicación de los dispositivos a ensayos para diagnosis médic

Retos en la enseñanza de los contenidos de El mundo en que vivimos a escolares ciegos

El artículo que aquí se presenta, tiene sus orígenes, en un trabajo presentado por los autores en el Congreso Internacional Ciencia y Educación, celebrado en junio de 2022, en La Habana. En ambos se defiende la idea de que, desde la antigüedad, el hombre mantiene relación con la naturaleza, por ello la estudia, utiliza y transforma, así como que las nuevas generaciones deben formarse bajo una amplia y profunda cultura sobre el conocimiento del entorno natural, para lo cual juega un papel decisivo la enseñanza de los contenidos de la asignatura “El mundo en que vivimos”, la que permite conocer los procesos y fenómenos del mundo natural y así preparar al estudiante para cuidar y utilizar racionalmente a la naturaleza. En este artículo se ofrecen los resultados que han sistematizado los autores, gracias a su profundización en esta temática desde la investigación científica, a través de un estudio analítico de la práctica escolar en la Educación Especial. Se demostró que la utilización de diferentes recursos didácticos fomentó el interés y el conocimiento del entorno natural en escolares ciegos, desde la instrumentación de una Estrategia Didáctica para perfeccionar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura. Los principales resultados están avalados por una investigación derivada de los estudios en la Maestría “Atención Educativa a la Diversidad”. Se aplica de manera práctica la propuesta elaborada, la que se considera efectiva a partir de los resultados obtenidos