Efeitos do cloreto de mercúrio sobre a atividade da ATP-difosfoidrolase de membrana de célula cardíaca de ratos

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PROGRAMA DE EDUCAÇÃO PELO TRABALHO: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE TRABALHADORES

The present study aims to report the experience of students and lecturers on the Work-based Learning Program in the health services network in a municipality in the South of Brazil in 2012, focussing on actions of training of the Unified Health System (SUS) workers. The program was participated in by students from the physiotherapy and nursing courses, who undertook actions so as to meet the needs of the services from the areas of Mental Health, Primary Care and General Hospital. The results converge on the need for training of the professionals of the network and for encouraging Continuous Education in Health Policy. It is concluded that the Program has importance for the teaching, service, management and community, bearing in mind the global perception of the benefits and results created in the care network in the municipality.O presente estudo objetiva relatar a experiência de discentes e docentes no Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho na rede de serviços de saúde de um município do Sul do Brasil no ano de 2012, enfocando ações de formação dos trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde. O Programa contou com a participação de alunos dos cursos de fisioterapia e da enfermagem que desenvolveram ações no sentido de atender as necessidades dos serviços da área de Saúde Mental, Atenção Básica e do Hospital Geral. Os resultados convergem para a necessidade de formação dos profissionais da rede e ao fomento à Política de Educação Permanente em Saúde. Conclui-se sobre a importância do Programa para o ensino, serviço, gestão e comunidade, tendo em vista a percepção global dos benefícios e resultados gerados na rede de atenção no município

Eucalyptol, an essential oil, reduces contractile activity in rat cardiac muscle

Eucalyptol is an essential oil that relaxes bronchial and vascular smooth muscle although its direct actions on isolated myocardium have not been reported. We investigated a putative negative inotropic effect of the oil on left ventricular papillary muscles from male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g, as well as its effects on isometric force, rate of force development, time parameters, post-rest potentiation, positive inotropic interventions produced by Ca2+ and isoproterenol, and on tetanic tension. The effects of 0.3 mM eucalyptol on myosin ATPase activity were also investigated. Eucalyptol (0.003 to 0.3 mM) reduced isometric tension, the rate of force development and time parameters. The oil reduced the force developed by steady-state contractions (50% at 0.3 mM) but did not alter sarcoplasmic reticulum function or post-rest contractions and produced a progressive increase in relative potentiation. Increased extracellular Ca2+ concentration (0.62 to 5 mM) and isoproterenol (20 nM) administration counteracted the negative inotropic effects of the oil. The activity of the contractile machinery evaluated by tetanic force development was reduced by 30 to 50% but myosin ATPase activity was not affected by eucalyptol (0.3 mM), supporting the idea of a reduction of sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx. The present results suggest that eucalyptol depresses force development, probably acting as a calcium channel blocker

Alkaloids in erythrina by UPLC-ESI-MS and in vivo hypotensive potential of extractive preparations

Erythrina species are used in popular medicine as sedative, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive. In this work, we investigated the chemical composition of extracts obtained from leaves of E. falcata and E. crista-galli. The hypotensive potential of E. falcata and the mechanism of action were also studied. The extracts were obtained by maceration and infusion. The total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was estimated by spectrophotometric methods. The chemical constituents were studied performing a chromatographic analysis by UPLC-ESI-MS. For in vivo protocols, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the invasive hemodynamic monitoring method. Different concentrations of extracts and drugs such as L-NAME, losartan, hexamethonium, and propranolol were administrated i.v.The results of total phenolic contents for E. falcata and E. cristagalli were 1.3193–1.4989mgGAE/mL for maceration and 0.8771–0.9506mgGAE/mL for infusion. In total flavonoids, the content was 7.7829–8.1976mg RE/g for maceration and 9.3471–10.4765 REmg/g for infusion. The chemical composition was based on alkaloids, suggesting the presence of erythristemine, 11-methoxyglucoerysodine, erysothiopine, 11-hydroxyerysodine-glucose, and 11-hydroxyerysotinone-rhamnoside. A potent dose-dependent hypotensive effect was observed for E. falcata, which may be related to the route of -adrenergic receptors

Essential oil of the leaves of Eugenia sulcata preserve myocardial contractility and does not present immunotoxicity

The essential oil of the leaves of Eugenia sulcata, in the Myrtaceae family, has a demonstrated antihypertensive effect, but its effects on heart muscle and its toxicity have not yet been elucidated. Little chemical or biological data are available for E. sulcata, whether emphasizing the beneficial effects or the pharmacological security of this species. This study aims to evaluate myocardial contractility and to analyze angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and myosin ATPase activities associated with use of this essential oil. In addition, we evaluated the immunotoxicity of E. sulcata essential oil. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated daily for 30 days (10 mg/kg of oil) to evaluate the isometric force of the papillary muscle, ACE measured by fluorimetry, and myosin ATPase activities by inorganic phosphate. Lymphocyte cultures were used to evaluate cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and mutagenicity of the essential oil. The results demonstrate that the treatment did not change the cardiac contraction force and did not alter the functioning of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, extrusion of the membrane calcium, or modify the membrane calcium channels or β-adrenergic receptor activity. Tetanic contractions were potentiated in the SHR animals. Myosin ATPase activity was also increased in the SHR animals. Cardiac ACE activity was reduced in both animal strains, and the serum ACE was reduced only in the SHR animals. The essential oil did not cause cytotoxicity or mutagenicity and presented low DNA damage. Our results demonstrated that the essential oil does not change myocardial contractility and does not present relevant immunotoxicity

Chemical Composition and Hypotensive Effect of Campomanesia xanthocarpa

Campomanesia xanthocarpa is known in Brazil as Guabiroba and is popularly used for various diseases, such as inflammatory, renal, and digestive diseases and dyslipidemia. The aim of the study was to analyze the chemical composition and investigate the effects of aqueous extract of C. xanthocarpa on the blood pressure of normotensive rats, analyzing the possible action mechanism using experimental and in silico procedures. The extract was evaluated for total phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content. The chemical components were determined by HPLC analyses. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured with extract and drugs administration. The leaves of C. xanthocarpa presented the relevant content of phenolics and flavonoids, and we suggested the presence of chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and theobromine. The acute administration of aqueous extract of C. xanthocarpa has a dose-dependent hypotensive effect in normotensive rats, suggesting that the action mechanism may be mediated through the renin-angiotensin system by AT1 receptor blockade and sympathetic autonomic response. Docking studies showed models that indicated an interaction between chlorogenic acid and quercetin with the AT1 receptor (AT1R) active site. The findings of these docking studies suggest the potential of C. xanthocarpa constituents for use as preventive agents for blood pressure

Quimioluminescência e TBARS indicam que a inibição das atividades ATPásica e ADPásica de membrana sináptica de cérebro de ratos por radicais livres está relacionada à peroxidação lipídica

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Alkaloids in erythrina by UPLC-ESI-MS and in vivo hypotensive potential of extractive preparations

Erythrina species are used in popular medicine as sedative, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive. In this work, we investigated the chemical composition of extracts obtained from leaves of E. falcata and E. crista-galli. The hypotensive potential of E. falcata and the mechanism of action were also studied. The extracts were obtained by maceration and infusion. The total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids was estimated by spectrophotometric methods. The chemical constituents were studied performing a chromatographic analysis by UPLC-ESI-MS. For in vivo protocols, blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the invasive hemodynamic monitoring method. Different concentrations of extracts and drugs such as L-NAME, losartan, hexamethonium, and propranolol were administrated i.v.The results of total phenolic contents for E. falcata and E. cristagalli were 1.3193–1.4989mgGAE/mL for maceration and 0.8771–0.9506mgGAE/mL for infusion. In total flavonoids, the content was 7.7829–8.1976mg RE/g for maceration and 9.3471–10.4765 REmg/g for infusion. The chemical composition was based on alkaloids, suggesting the presence of erythristemine, 11-methoxyglucoerysodine, erysothiopine, 11-hydroxyerysodine-glucose, and 11-hydroxyerysotinone-rhamnoside. A potent dose-dependent hypotensive effect was observed for E. falcata, which may be related to the route of -adrenergic receptors

Colesterolemia, trigliceridemia e excesso de peso em escolares de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil Blood lipids abnormalities and overweight prevalence in students of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: O nível de colesterol na infância é um preditor do nível de colesterol na vida adulta. As consequências do colesterol elevado, somadas a outros fatores de risco constituem problema mundial de saúde pública. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia e excesso de peso em estudantes do município de Santa Maria-RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 374 crianças de 10 a 12 anos de idade, de escolas das redes pública e privada, realizado no segundo semestre de 2005 na cidade de Santa Maria-RS. Foram determinados os níveis de colesterol total, triglicerídeos e estado nutricional. RESULTADOS: As prevalências de hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia e excesso de peso encontradas foram de 4,7%, 8,9% e 20,7%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significante entre sexo e rede pública e privada. As crianças com excesso de peso apresentaram maior prevalência de alterações lipídicas. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de alterações lipídicas pode ser considerada baixa, mas a prevalência de excesso de peso dos estudantes de Santa Maria mostrou-se relativamente alta, alertando à importância de políticas públicas e à necessidade de assistência pediátrica nessa faixa etária, visando o seu diagnóstico precoce e, principalmente, o aconselhamento nutricional e incentivo à prática esportiva, uma vez que as dislipidemias e o excesso de peso têm sido apontados como fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares.<br>INTRODUCTION: Cholesterol level in childhood is a predictor of cholesterol level in adult life. The consequences of high cholesterol levels summed to other risk factors constitute a worldwide public health problem. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of blood lipid abnormalities and overweight among school students of the city of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 374 children, aged between 10 and 12 years, from public and private schools of the city of Santa Maria, RS, conducted on the second semester of 2005. Total cholesterol levels (TC), fractions of cholesterol (HDL- C and LDL- C), triglycerides (TG) and nutritional status were determined. RESULTS: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglicemia and overweight found were 4.7%, 8.9% and 20.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference between sexes or public and private schools. The overweight children presented higher prevalence of lipid alterations. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of lipid alterations may be considered low, but the prevalence of overweight among the students of Santa Maria was high, demonstrating hence the importance of public policies and the need for pediatric assistance at this age group. The aims here would be early diagnosis, especially for nutritional advising and stimulus for physical activities, since overweight and blood lipid abnormalities have been pointed out as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases